the immune system. lines of defense 1. skin and mucous membranes 2.celia in respiratory system...
TRANSCRIPT
The Immune System
Lines of Defense
• 1. Skin and mucous membranes• 2.Celia in respiratory system• 3.Fever• 4.Mechanical actions (coughing,sneezing,etc.)• 5.White blood cells (lymphocytes)• 6.Interferon (fights viruses and cancers)
3 Factors to remember
• 1. Memory- response is quicker when the same antigen is introduced a second time
• 2. Specificity-Immunity is specific to 1 antigen. There are approximately 1 billion lymphocytes specific for approximately 1 million different antigens.
• 3. Recognition of non-self
Phagocytes
• These are feeding cells.• Macrophages are considered the “foot soldiers”
of the immune system• Duties of the macrophage:• A large feeding cell that can suddenly increase its
area in order to surround and enclose an enemy.• Shoots out a kind of sticky cytoplasm
(pseudopods) which adhere to bacteria in order to pull in its prey.
• Vacuums dead cells in system during an infection
• Releases interleuken 1 which alarms t cells• Produces growth factors which help to heal
tissue during infections• Produces enzymes which annihilate bacteria
Macrophage
Virus And Bacteria
Immune System on Alert
Cancer cell attacked by CD8 (Killer) cell
T cellsKiller t cell
T-cells attacking a cancer cell
Immunoglobulins
• Antibodies belong to a family of large molecules called Immunoglobulins
• IgG—coats microbes-crosses placenta• IgM-effective in killing bacteria—usually in blood
stream• IgE-protect against parasites-responsible for allergies• IgA-concentrates in body fluids-tears, respiratory
tract, digestive tract-guards entrances to the body-found in colustrum
• IgD-in umbilical cord
Anaphylactic Allergic Reaction