the human condition · 2019-03-15 · the scream = human angst late 19th century: age of marx,...
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THE HUMAN CONDITION:
Our never-ending search for peace and rest
Kenneth Samples
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The Scream (1893)
Norwegian Painter
Edvard Munch (1863–1944)
“I hear the scream in nature.”
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The Scream = Human Angst
▪ Late 19th century: Age of Marx, Darwin, Nietzsche,
Freud
▪ Painted during a very secular age, The Scream reflects
humanity without God.
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Explanatory Power
▪ A powerful reason to believe
that historic Christianity is
true is its ability to illumine
the enigmatic human
condition.
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Apologetic Reasoning
▪ The Christian story can powerfully illumine
the perplexing human condition and thus has
superior explanatory power to secularism.
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The Human Condition
▪ “The human condition” refers to the underlying,
core, real problem in human life.
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Worldview
▪ The Christian worldview depicts reality as
unfolding in four stages:
Creation
Fall
Redemption
Consummation
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The Human Condition
▪ Creation
▪ Imago Dei (image of God)
▪ What is the image of God?
1. Resemblance
2. Relational
3. Representative
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Imago Dei
▪ How does the image of God shape us?
▪ Being divine image bearers makes us lovers and
worshipers by nature.
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Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647)
▪ Q. 1. What is the chief end of man?
▪ A. Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and to
enjoy him forever.
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Made for God
▪ Human beings were made for God.
▪ Created persons with the capacity to love and
worship God.
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Psalm 100
“Shout for joy to the Lord, all the earth.
Worship the Lord with gladness;
come before him with joyful songs.
Know that the Lord is God.
It is he who made us, and we are his;
we are his people, the sheep of his pasture.”
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Acts 17:26–27
“From one man he made all the nations, that they
should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out
their appointed times in history and the boundaries
of their lands. God did this so that they would seek
him and perhaps reach out for him and find him,
though he is not far from any one of us.”
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Creation
▪ A human being’s ultimate
meaning, purpose, and
fulfillment is found in God.
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The Human Condition
▪ Fall
▪ Human beings were made for God, but
something has gone deeply wrong.
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Harmartia
▪ Sin is:
▪ Anything (in thought, word, and deed) that is
contrary to God’s moral character.
▪ Commandments reflect God’s holiness.
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Fall: God, Others, Self
▪ Sin has cut human beings
off from their Creator and
left them out of sync with
each other and with
themselves.
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Romans 5:12
▪ Original Sin = Humanity inherited Adam’s guilt
and corruption
“Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one
man, and death through sin, and in this way death
came to all people, because all sinned.”
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Romans 1:21
“For although they knew God, they neither glorified him
as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became
futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.”
▪ Sin can blind people to reality!
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The Human Condition = Greatness & Wretchedness
▪ Christian thinker Blaise
Pascal described human
beings as an enigma of
“greatness and
wretchedness.”
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Lovers & Worshipers
▪ Yet upon the Fall, human
beings still remain lovers
and worshipers.
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Fall
▪ Under the curse of sin, humans seem to both
desire God and resist Him simultaneously.
▪ Desire – Resist
▪ Imago Dei – Fall
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Tug-of-War
▪ The consequence of this spiritual tug-of-war
is that we often turn to temporal things to
fulfill our desperate longings.
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Life
▪ Yet genuine, lifelong meaning, purpose,
and fulfillment remain elusive and fleeting.
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3 Practical Narratives
▪ Christian philosopher David Naugle identifies three
practical narratives of life that people often pursue
when looking for satisfaction or contentment:
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Replacement
1. Sensualism: pursuit of sex, food, fashion
2. Materialism: pursuit of money, wealth, possessions
3. Egotism: pursuit of achievement, prestige, power
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Good Things
▪ Sex, money, achievement
▪ Good, temporal, yet existentially unfulfilling
▪ Disordered loves
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Pop Culture
▪ “Sex, drugs, and rock ‘n’
roll”
▪ Will not provide
existential satisfaction
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Fulfillment: Elusive & Fleeting
▪ Wilt Chamberlain
• Sex, money,
achievement
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Refined Replacement
▪ Nature, politics, beauty
▪ Disordered loves
▪ Good things are disordered (functionally misused) by
fallen creatures.
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Seekers
▪ It seems virtually everyone seeks to find
an overarching purpose in life.
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Human Trait: Seekers
▪ People seeking meaning and fulfillment naturally
attach themselves to:
Belief systems
Values
Causes
Interests
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St. Augustine
▪ Outside of the New
Testament authors, St.
Augustine is arguably the
most influential Christian
thinker in all of Western
Christendom.
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Augustine’s Early Life
▪ Christian philosopher David K. Naugle:
“Using current psychological jargon to describe his
[Augustine’s] background, a prima facie reading of his
Confessions reveals that he grew up in a dysfunctional
family, suffered through a childhood of unhappiness, was
prone to theft and dishonesty, abhorred study
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Augustine’s Early Life
and formal education, was virtually addicted to sex and food,
enjoyed the life of the theatre and cabaret, studied off-beat
philosophies and religions, and for a time was a single parent.
His life was unquestionably disordered, and like many of our
contemporaries, he found himself on a restless course in
search of healing and happiness.”
David K. Naugle, “St. Augustine’s Concept of Disordered Love and It’s Contemporary Application,” March 12,
1993.
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Rest & Peace
“You made us for yourself and our
hearts find no peace until they rest
in you.”
Augustine, Confessions, Pine-Coffin (New York: Penguin, 1961),
1,1.
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Rest & Peace
▪ In other words, true meaning and purpose can’t be
found in worship replacements and disordered loves.
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Chief End
▪ God has created human beings in such a way (imago
Dei) that ultimate fulfillment (rest and peace) can’t be
found apart from God.
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The Human Condition
▪ Pascal observes:
“What else does this craving, and this helplessness,
proclaim but that there was once in man a true
happiness, of which all that now remains is the empty
print and trace?”
Blaise Pascal, Pensées, trans. A. J. Krailsheimer (New York: Penguin, 1995), no. 148.
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My First Car
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Fill It Up
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C. S. Lewis
▪ C. S. Lewis likened human
beings to car engines,
which are built to run on
gasoline and nothing else.
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God Is Our Fuel
“Now God designed the human machine to run on
Himself. He Himself is the fuel our spirits were designed
to burn, or the food our spirits were designed to feed on.
There is no other. That is why it is just no good asking
God to make us happy in our own way without bothering
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God Is Our Fuel
about religion. God cannot give us a happiness and peace
apart from Himself, because it is not there. There is no
such thing.”
C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York: Macmillan, 1952), 54.
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Matthew 11:28–30
▪ Redemption
“Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will
give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for
I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for
your souls.”
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Blaise Pascal
“Not only do we only know God through Jesus Christ, but
we only know ourselves through Jesus Christ; we only
know life and death through Jesus Christ. Apart from
Jesus Christ we cannot know the meaning of our life or
our death, of God or of ourselves.”
Pensées, 417/548.
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The Human Condition
▪ Historic Christianity seems to offer a plausible
explanation concerning both humankind’s search for
purpose as well as the common human condition of
dissatisfaction with finite goods.
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The Human Condition
▪ But if historic Christianity can explain and resolve the
complexity of the human condition, it seems more
plausibly true than secularism.
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Beatific Vision
▪ Consummation
“They will see His face.”
—Revelation 22:4
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Two Contrasting Images
Rest & Peace with GodAngst & Insecurity without God
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Takeaways
1. Apologetically, the Christian story best explains the
human condition.
2. Devotionally, focus upon the rest and peace Christ
offers.
3. Educationally, learn from historic Christianity’s great
thinkers.
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New Book
▪ Learn about the Big Three:
Augustine
Pascal
Lewis