The History of Rome

Pretty much Pretty much anything you need anything you need to know about to know about Rome’s history Rome’s history through the time of through the time of “Gladiator”“Gladiator”

Otherwise known as…

“How This…

…Got to Look Like

This”:

FoundationFoundation

A long time ago in a country A long time ago in a country pretty far away…pretty far away…

There was a guy There was a guy named Romulusnamed Romulus

This guy This guy

He had a twin brother He had a twin brother named Remusnamed Remus

He had a twin brother He had a twin brother named Remusnamed Remus

That guy

Alba Longa Alba Longa Rome Rome

MonarchyMonarchy

I. RomulusI. Romulus

II. Numa PompiliusII. Numa Pompilius

III. Tullus HostiliusIII. Tullus Hostilius

IV. Ancus MarciusIV. Ancus Marcius

EtruscanEtruscanss-Tarquinius Priscus

-Servius Tullius

-Tarquinius Superbus

Expulsion of the Expulsion of the TarquinsTarquins

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

509 BC509 BC 2 consuls: Brutus and Collatinus2 consuls: Brutus and Collatinus

Early Republic Early Republic

Establishment of political systemEstablishment of political system Growth through ItalyGrowth through Italy Overtaking Etruscans and GreeksOvertaking Etruscans and Greeks

Conflicts with Conflicts with CarthageCarthage 264-241 BC264-241 BC 218-201 BC218-201 BC 149-146 BC149-146 BC After these wars,After these wars,

Carthage looked Carthage looked

pretty much like pretty much like

this…this…

“Carthago delenda est” – Cato the Elder

Mediterranean Mediterranean DominationDomination

Marius Marius and and SullaSulla

- Marius’ lieutenant - Consul 88 BC- Dictator 81-79- Huge Reforms

The FightThe senate gave a command

to Sulla, but the people’s assemblyGave the command to Marius

- Consul 7 times- One of Rome’s best generals- Reformed military eligibility

Julius Julius CaesarCaesar

*100 BC – 44 BC

*Consul in 59 BC

*War in Gaul (59-51)

First TriumvirateFirst Triumvirate

60 BC – 53 BC60 BC – 53 BC Pompey, Crassus, and CaesarPompey, Crassus, and Caesar

Civil WarCivil War

-Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s wife, Julia, dies-Crassus is defeated at Carrhae fighting the Parthians-Pompey becomes leader of the Senate, who use him to get at Caesar

Dictator and DeathDictator and Death

Rise of OctavianRise of Octavian

Born in 63 BC

Caesar’s grand-nephew

43 BC: 2nd Triumvirate

Civil WarCivil War

Augustus PrincepsAugustus Princeps

Ruled from 27 BC – 14 AD- Expansion- Building- Establish an heir

Pax Pax Augustana/RomanaAugustana/Romana 27 BC – 180 AD27 BC – 180 AD Moderation in expansion and Moderation in expansion and

inhibition of generals by the inhibition of generals by the emperorsemperors

Tiberius (14-37 AD)Tiberius (14-37 AD)

- Not a bad startNot a bad start- Retirement @ Retirement @

CapriCapri- Sejanus Sejanus - MacroMacro

Caligula (37-41 AD)Caligula (37-41 AD)

Again… not a bad Start, but…

…a horrible end

Claudius (41-54 AD)Claudius (41-54 AD)

Stammering, stuttering, slobbering, and outstandingly smart

Nero (54-68 AD)Nero (54-68 AD)

- The last Julio-Claudian- Seneca and Burrus- Poppaea Sabina- Fire of 64 AD- Christians- “qualis artifex pereo!”

Year of the Four Year of the Four EmperorsEmperors

69 AD

GALBA

Year of the Four Year of the Four EmperorsEmperors

69 ADX

GALBA

OTHO

Year of the Four Year of the Four EmperorsEmperors

69 ADX

XGALBA

OTHO

VITELLIUS

Year of the Four Year of the Four EmperorsEmperors

69 ADX

X

X

GALBA

OTHO

VITELLIUS

VESPASIAN

FlaviansFlavians

Vespasian

70-79 AD

FlaviansFlavians

Vespasian

Titus79-81 AD

FlaviansFlavians

Vespasian

Titus

Domitian

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Nerva

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Nerva

Trajan

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Nerva

Trajan

Hadrian

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Nerva

Trajan

Hadrian

AntoninusPius

Five Good EmperorsFive Good Emperors

Nerva

Trajan

Hadrian

AntoninusPius

MarcusAurelius

Trajan – all about Trajan – all about expanding the empireexpanding the empire The empire went from this…The empire went from this…

…….to this by the end of Trajan’s rule.to this by the end of Trajan’s rule

Hadrian, however, was Hadrian, however, was all about stopping the all about stopping the expansionexpansion

Hadrian, however, was Hadrian, however, was all about stopping the all about stopping the expansionexpansion

Antoninus PiusAntoninus Pius

138-161 AD

Peaceful Rule – never left Italy

Marcus Aurelius and Marcus Aurelius and VerusVerus

160-180 AD161-169 AD

Marcus Aurelius and Marcus Aurelius and VerusVerus Constant warfareConstant warfare ““Meditations”Meditations” He did not believeHe did not believe

in an afterlife and in an afterlife and

emphasized virtue,emphasized virtue,

patience, and goodpatience, and good

deedsdeeds

CommodusCommodus

180-192 AD

The End