THE HIGH AND LATE MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 8

MONARCHS, NOBLES AND THE CHURCH Nobles and the Church had far more

power – land

Battle of Hastings English kings – Christmas day, 1066 William, Duke of Normandy

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR Now the king of England, too Monitored his lands Domesday Book

Royal exchequer

HENRY II Inherited the throne

Traveling justices – what does this sound like?

Common law – legal system based on custom and court rulings

Jury – group of men sworn to speak the truth

HENRY II Wanted to try clergy in royal courts

Thomas Becket says no

Assassinated by four knights

KING JOHN Son of Henry II

Lost lands in Anjou and Normandy

Archbishop of Canterbury issue Innocent III excommunicated him, interdict

KING JOHN 1215 – Magna Carta

Due process of law

habeas corpus

Great Council - Parliament

FRANCE!!! Hugh Capet – Capetians for 300 years!!

987 Thought he was weak Played nobles against each other

PHILIP AUGUSTUS Gained powers and land

Albigensians

LOUIS IX 1226

Persecuted heretics

Two crusades

Traveling justices, ended serfdom, heard cases, became a saint in the church

PHILIIP IV Tried to collect taxes from the clergy

Pope Boniface VIII says “God has set popes over kings and kingdoms”

Philip sends troops to arrest the pope

THE GREAT SCHISM Pope escapes but dies shortly after

Benedict XI dies after eight months

Clement V, a Frenchmen, is elected

Four years later, moves the papal court to Avignon – Why?

THE GREAT SCHISM A new pope is elected in Rome

NOW THERE ARE TWO POPES!!!!!

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Germany to Italy

Otto I becomes the King of Germany

Otto defeats rebellious nobles of the pope so he crowned him “holy”

HENRY IV AND GREGORY VII Gregory made many reforms –

including banning lay investiture

Lay investiture – lay person “invested” bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office.

HRE Henry IV is not happy

EXCOMMUNICATION 1076 Henry is excommunicated

Henry repented

Crushed undermining nobles

Sent pope into exile

CONCORDAT OF WORMS 1122

Church has the sole power to elect and invest bishops and the emperor could give them fiefs

FREDERICK I “FREDERICK BARBAROSSA” “Red Beard”

Tried to unite Italy with the HRE