the middle ages the changes of the late middle ages mr. pagliaro

37
The Middle Ages The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Ages Mr. Pagliaro Mr. Pagliaro

Upload: scarlett-campbell

Post on 14-Jan-2016

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

The Changes of the Late Middle AgesThe Changes of the Late Middle Ages

Mr. PagliaroMr. Pagliaro

Page 2: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Key Idea…Key Idea…

In the 1300s, the foundations of Europe In the 1300s, the foundations of Europe were rocked by religious scandal, disease, were rocked by religious scandal, disease, and warfareand warfare

Page 3: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

VocabularyVocabulary

TermsTerms– Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity– The Great Schism (aka The Great Schism (aka

the Western Schism)the Western Schism)– bubonic plaguebubonic plague– Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War– dauphindauphin– War of the RosesWar of the Roses

NamesNames– AvignonAvignon– John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe– Jan HusJan Hus– Joan of Arc (Joan of Arc (Jean d’ArcJean d’Arc))– House of TudorHouse of Tudor

Page 4: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Babylonian Babylonian Captivity: 1307-1378Captivity: 1307-1378

Philip IV (France) vs. Boniface VIII (Pope)Philip IV (France) vs. Boniface VIII (Pope)– Issue: Taxing clergyIssue: Taxing clergy– Estates-General createdEstates-General created– French soldiers French soldiers arrestarrest Pope Pope

Died shortly afterDied shortly after– French cardinals elect a French Pope (Clement V)French cardinals elect a French Pope (Clement V)

AvignonAvignon– Pope = puppet of French KingPope = puppet of French King

ie-Attack on Knights Templarie-Attack on Knights Templar

Avignon

Page 5: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

TWO POPES!?!TWO POPES!?! Great Schism-1378 to 1417Great Schism-1378 to 1417

– Rome (Urban VI) vs. Avignon Rome (Urban VI) vs. Avignon (Clement VII)(Clement VII)

– People upset with Church issuesPeople upset with Church issues John Wycliffe-Translated Bible into John Wycliffe-Translated Bible into

EnglishEnglish– Promoted separation of Church and statePromoted separation of Church and state– Promoted church poverty, simple clergyPromoted church poverty, simple clergy

Jan Hus (John Huss)-Renounced Jan Hus (John Huss)-Renounced BOTH popesBOTH popes

– Excommunicated, burned at stakeExcommunicated, burned at stake

Council of Constance (1414)Council of Constance (1414)– Re-established Papacy in RomeRe-established Papacy in Rome

Page 6: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The Black DeathThe Black Death

The following is the creation of Susan Pojer, The following is the creation of Susan Pojer, a teacher in Chappaqua, NYa teacher in Chappaqua, NY

Page 7: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NY

Page 8: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The Disease The Disease CycleCycle

Flea drinks rat blood that carries the

bacteria.

Flea drinks rat blood that carries the

bacteria.

Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.

Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.

Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.

Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.

Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.

Human is infected!Human is infected!

Page 9: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The CulpritsThe Culprits

Page 10: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The The SymptomsSymptoms

Bulbous (Buboes)

Septicemic Form:

almost 100% mortality rate.

Page 11: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

1347: Plague 1347: Plague Reaches Reaches

Constantinople!Constantinople!

Page 12: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

From the From the Toggenburg Toggenburg BibleBible, 1411, 1411

Page 13: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Lancing a BuboeLancing a Buboe

Page 14: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague

Page 15: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague

Bring out your dead!

Page 16: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague

An obsession with death.

Page 17: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Boccaccio in Boccaccio in The The DecameronDecameron

Boccaccio in Boccaccio in The The DecameronDecameron

The victims ate lunch with their friends and

dinner with their ancestors.

Page 18: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The The Danse Danse MacabreMacabre

Page 19: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro
Page 20: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague

A Doctor’s Robe

“Leeching”

Page 21: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague

Flagellants:Self-inflicted “penance” for our

sins!

Page 22: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague

Pograms against the Jews

“Jew” hat

“Golden Circle” obligatory badge

Page 23: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Death Triumphant !:Death Triumphant !:A Major Artistic A Major Artistic

ThemeTheme

Page 24: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

A Little Macabre A Little Macabre DittyDitty“A sickly season,” the merchant

said,“The town I left was filled with dead,and everywhere these queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses’ eyes,eating them away.”

“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,“They crawled upon the wine and bread.Pale priests with oil and books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping like the flies.”

Page 25: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

A Little Macabre A Little Macabre Ditty (2)Ditty (2)

“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;“And proved through solemn disputation“The cause lay in some constellation.“Then they began to die.”

“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,“And then they turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned black,they waited for the flies.”

Page 26: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

A Little Macabre A Little Macabre Ditty (3)Ditty (3)

“I came away,” the merchant said,“You can’t do business with the dead.“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade (cloth)…”And then he sneezed……….!

Page 27: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The Mortality

Rate35% - 70%

25,000,000 dead !!!

Page 28: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

What were thepolitical,

economic,and social

effectsof the Black

Death??

Page 29: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Effects of PlagueEffects of Plague

Trade declined. Prices rose.Trade declined. Prices rose. People demanded higher pay.People demanded higher pay. Peasant riots in Western Europe.Peasant riots in Western Europe. Attacks on Jews.Attacks on Jews. Church prestige lost.Church prestige lost.

– Priests abandoned duties.Priests abandoned duties.

Page 30: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

Causes: Causes: – Death of Philip IV of France and sons by 1328Death of Philip IV of France and sons by 1328

Possible end of Capetian DynastyPossible end of Capetian Dynasty– French claimant: Philip of ValoisFrench claimant: Philip of Valois

– English claimant: King Edward III, grandson of Philip English claimant: King Edward III, grandson of Philip IVIV

– English held lands in FranceEnglish held lands in France– FlandersFlanders

Wool industryWool industry Use English woolUse English wool

Page 31: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

English SuccessEnglish Success

Mostly raids, not long Mostly raids, not long battlesbattles– Crecy (1346)Crecy (1346)

Foot soldiers defeat knightsFoot soldiers defeat knights– LongbowLongbow

– Poitiers (1356)Poitiers (1356) Gap due to PlagueGap due to Plague Capture French kingCapture French king

– Caused French peasant revoltsCaused French peasant revolts

Page 32: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Issues for EnglandIssues for England

1399: King Richard abdicated throne1399: King Richard abdicated throne– Unpopular tyrant (taxes)Unpopular tyrant (taxes)

Henry, duke of Lancaster, became King Henry IVHenry, duke of Lancaster, became King Henry IV– Did not resume warDid not resume war

Page 33: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Final PhasesFinal Phases

Battle of Agincourt (1415)-English VictoryBattle of Agincourt (1415)-English Victory– Treaty (1420)-Henry V of England gained French crown Treaty (1420)-Henry V of England gained French crown

upon death of Charles VIupon death of Charles VI Both died in 1422!Both died in 1422!

Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)-supported claims of Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)-supported claims of Charles VII (F)Charles VII (F)– Rallied French troops at Siege of Orleans (1429)Rallied French troops at Siege of Orleans (1429)

Charles crownedCharles crowned

– Captured in 1430, tried as a witch, burned at stakeCaptured in 1430, tried as a witch, burned at stake

Page 34: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Joan of Arc (1412Joan of Arc (1412--1432)1432) Inspiration for French resurgenceInspiration for French resurgence

Page 35: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Impact of Hundred Years’ WarImpact of Hundred Years’ War

French expelled English from kingdom 1453French expelled English from kingdom 1453 Change in European warfareChange in European warfare English Turmoil over defeatEnglish Turmoil over defeat

– War of the Roses (1453-1487)War of the Roses (1453-1487) Henry Tudor, House of Lancaster def. the House of YorkHenry Tudor, House of Lancaster def. the House of York

Page 36: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Why it matters now…Why it matters now…

Age of Faith endedAge of Faith ended– Schism, scandal, the role of the Church in the Schism, scandal, the role of the Church in the

plague, and excessive wealth turned people offplague, and excessive wealth turned people off

Age of Chivalry/Fedualism endedAge of Chivalry/Fedualism ended– No use for knights/castles with introduction of gunsNo use for knights/castles with introduction of guns– Deaths of nobles in Plague, Hundred Years’ War and Deaths of nobles in Plague, Hundred Years’ War and

War of the Roses further weakened feudalismWar of the Roses further weakened feudalism

Page 37: The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro

Unit SummaryUnit Summary

The High Middle Ages saw changes in The High Middle Ages saw changes in society in terms of…society in terms of…– A Middle ClassA Middle Class– Changes from a Christian continent to individual Changes from a Christian continent to individual

kingdomskingdoms