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The The Green Way Green Way to Sustained Energy to Sustained Energy SavingsSavings

•• Harmonics Limited was founded in 1989 and invented the Harmonics Limited was founded in 1989 and invented the Harmonic Harmonic Suppression SystemSuppression System

•• We have an existing installed base of over We have an existing installed base of over 10,00010,000 unitsunits in continuous in continuous operation throughout the United States with zero customer returnoperation throughout the United States with zero customer returns & s & zero field failures.zero field failures.

•• We provide an energy conservation and efficiency solution for thWe provide an energy conservation and efficiency solution for the e commercial built environment.commercial built environment.

•• The California Energy Commission and EPRI published a case studyThe California Energy Commission and EPRI published a case studyvalidating our technology solution and performance claims. validating our technology solution and performance claims.

•• We enable you to turn existing passive assets into productive enWe enable you to turn existing passive assets into productive energy ergy savings devices. savings devices.

What is a 3What is a 3rdrd harmonic current?harmonic current?

•• 33rdrd harmonic currents are generated as a result of the way computerharmonic currents are generated as a result of the way computerbased power supplies draw power from the electrical system. based power supplies draw power from the electrical system.

•• These currents add in the neutral and are dissipated as heat in These currents add in the neutral and are dissipated as heat in the the transformer. transformer.

•• Neutral conductors are designed to have no current residing on Neutral conductors are designed to have no current residing on them, thatthem, that’’s why they are not circuit breaker protected. s why they are not circuit breaker protected.

•• 33rdrd harmonic currents are not usable power and show up as waste harmonic currents are not usable power and show up as waste heat on transformers, building wiring, switchgear and in elevateheat on transformers, building wiring, switchgear and in elevated d power bills for air conditioningpower bills for air conditioning

* Linear Load *Linear Load *The current looks like The current looks like

the voltagethe voltage

Linear & Non-Linear loads

* NonNon--linear Load * linear Load * The current does not look The current does not look

like the voltagelike the voltage

3rd HARMONIC = 180Hz

5th HARMONIC = 300Hz

FUNDAMENTAL = 60Hz

0 90 180 270 360WAVE ANGLE

AM

PLIT

UD

E

What are harmonics ?

Harmonics are continuous integral multiples of the fundamental frequency

& FaxLoads that cause 3rd harmonic Loads that cause 3rd harmonic

currentscurrents

Referred to as Referred to as ““NonNon--Linear Linear ““ loadsloads

•• Personal ComputersPersonal Computers

•• ServersServers

•• Communications equipmentCommunications equipment

•• Printers / ScannersPrinters / Scanners

•• Copy & FAX MachinesCopy & FAX Machines

•• Audio/Visual EquipmentAudio/Visual Equipment

•• Medical EquipmentMedical Equipment

•• Broadcasting equipmentBroadcasting equipment

•• Electronic Device Charging unitsElectronic Device Charging units

PEAKS ZERO CROSSINGS

VOLTAGECURRENT

0 180 360WAVE ANGLE

AM

PLIT

UD

E

Mathematical relationships between voltage & current vary across the cycle

PEAKS ZERO CROSSINGS

CURRENTVOLTAGE

0 180 360WAVE ANGLE

AM

PLIT

UD

E

Linear load

Non-Linear load

Transformer

Phase A Current

Phase B Current

Phase C Current

Neutral Current

Ground Wire

Vn-g

The introduction of electronic based or computer loads have chanThe introduction of electronic based or computer loads have changed the ged the way current is drawn from the electrical system. way current is drawn from the electrical system.

1 35

79

1113

1517

19

0102030405060708090

100

CU

RR

ENT

% F

UN

DAM

ENTA

L

HARMONIC NUMBER

Single-phase harmonic spectrum

Problems caused by 3Problems caused by 3rdrd harmonic currents includeharmonic currents include::

•• Energy losses of 6% of kWh billed monthly Energy losses of 6% of kWh billed monthly

• Overheated transformers, switchgear & wiring, random circuit Overheated transformers, switchgear & wiring, random circuit breaker trippingbreaker tripping

•• A mandate to run double neutral conductorsA mandate to run double neutral conductors

•• Reduced useable fundamental power capacity, up to 30%Reduced useable fundamental power capacity, up to 30%

•• Higher utility bills based on cooling waste heat within the builHigher utility bills based on cooling waste heat within the buildingding

•• Premature failure of system components due to heat stressPremature failure of system components due to heat stress

•• Increased downtimeIncreased downtime

How do you create an more energy efficiency design: How do you create an more energy efficiency design:

By By notnot OVEROVER--SIZING electrical gear, itSIZING electrical gear, it’’s neither energy nor cost efficient s neither energy nor cost efficient

Eliminate the need to install Double neutral conductors, major cEliminate the need to install Double neutral conductors, major cost savings on CAPEXost savings on CAPEX

Eliminate as much nonEliminate as much non--linear current at the plug (Harmonic Currents) as possible linear current at the plug (Harmonic Currents) as possible

Recover and restore that lost electrical capacity ergo reducing Recover and restore that lost electrical capacity ergo reducing new demand to the utility new demand to the utility

Less electrical waste heat equals less HVAC demandLess electrical waste heat equals less HVAC demand

Each kilowatt hour saved equals 1.35lbs of Co2 capturedEach kilowatt hour saved equals 1.35lbs of Co2 captured

LEEDLEED points are available under CI 2.0 under points are available under CI 2.0 under ““Innovative TechnologiesInnovative Technologies””

The ROIThe ROI

•• New project construction costs are significantly lower if you riNew project construction costs are significantly lower if you right size transformers, ght size transformers, eliminate double neutrals and reeliminate double neutrals and re--size the HVAC requirements based on less heat.size the HVAC requirements based on less heat.

•• Energy savings as a result of eliminating 3Energy savings as a result of eliminating 3rdrd harmonic currents results in savings of harmonic currents results in savings of 4% 4% --6% 6% of power used at the plug.of power used at the plug.

•• ThatThat’’s money that goes straight back to the operating budget bottom ls money that goes straight back to the operating budget bottom line each monthine each month

•• Increased Increased ““usableusable”” electrical capacity is available because of harmonic mitigationelectrical capacity is available because of harmonic mitigation30% 30% is commonis common

•• Increased reliability of system components due to lack of heat sIncreased reliability of system components due to lack of heat stresstress

Standard transformer, NoStandard transformer, No--load spectrum load spectrum Linear Load applicationLinear Load application

A = 0.7 Amps; B = 0.8 Amps; C = 0.8 Amps; N = 0.9 Amps

15kVA transformer / 10 loads per phaserated 42 amps per conductor

Standard transformer, phase A linear load Standard transformer, phase A linear load Linear Load applicationLinear Load application



Standard transformer, phases A + B linear load Standard transformer, phases A + B linear load Linear Load application Linear Load application



Standard transformer, phases A + B + C linear load Standard transformer, phases A + B + C linear load


Linear Load applicationLinear Load application


• Harmonics currents do no workdo no work, but do contribute to the rms current the system must carry

• 3rd harmonic currents are additive in the system neutraladditive in the system neutral

• 3rd harmonic currents return to the transformer over the neutral and are dissipated as heatdissipated as heat in the transformer, cables and load devices

Reasons to be concerned about harmonic currents

Standard Transformer, 10 non-linear loads, phase A




Standard Transformer, 10 non-linear loads, phases A + B



Standard Transformer, 10 non-linear loads, phases A + B + C


• k-Rated Transformers• Double Neutrals• Oversized switch gear• De-rated UPSs, and Power Distribution Units

(PDUs)

• Zig-zag or phase shifting transformers

Avoiding Harmonic problems (accommodation)

PHASE C

PHASE A

60Hz IMBALANCE CURRENT +SUMMED 3rd HARMONIC CURRENT

PHASE B

3rd HARMONIC CURRENTCIRCULATES IN DELTA WINDING

SAFETYGROUND

TRANSFORMER ENCLOSURE

60Hz CURRENT +HARMONIC CURRENT60Hz AND

NON-TRIPLENHARMONICCURRENTS

TO BUILDING STEEL

COMPUTER COMPUTER COMPUTER

PRIMARY CIRCUITBREAKER

X0

K-Rated transformers accommodate harmonic currents


K-rated transformer, 10 non-linear loads, phases A+B+C


• k-Rated Transformers• Double Neutrals• Oversized switch gear• De-rated UPSs, and Power Distribution Units

(PDUs)

• Zig-zag or phase shifting transformers

Accommodating alternatives for harmonic problems

PHASE C

PHASE A

PHASE B

3rd HARMONIC CURRENT DISSIPATEDAS HEAT IN SECONDARY WINDING

SAFETYGROUND

TRANSFORMER ENCLOSURE

60Hz CURRENT +HARMONIC CURRENT

TO BUILDING STEEL


60Hz ANDNON-TRIPLENHARMONICCURRENTS


60Hz IMBALANCE CURRENT +SUMMED 3rd HARMONIC CURRENT

Zig-Zag transformer to accommodate harmonic currents


Zig-Zag transformer, 10 non-linear loads, phases A+B+C


• Introducing the Harmonic Suppression System (HSS)Harmonic Suppression System (HSS)• Blocks 3rd harmonic currents and prevents their flow anywhere in

the system• If you have reached the limits of capacity due to an overloaded

neutral, adding another transformer is not the only option• Eliminate the need for oversized components as well as double

neutrals. • An HSS solution minimizes waste heat from the transformer out to

the furthest outlet.

Eliminating Harmonic Problems

System CapacitySystem Capacity

An Unloaded SystemAn Unloaded System

Loaded with Low power factorLoaded with Low power factor

System Capacity

Harmonics

kW Power

Loaded with slightly improved Power FactorLoaded with slightly improved Power Factor


HarmonicsHarmonics

kW PowerkW Power

Equipped with HSS_ High Power FactorEquipped with HSS_ High Power Factor

With Harmonics SuppressionWith Harmonics SuppressionSystemSystem


kW PowerkW Power

3rdHARMONIC

FLOW

HSS blocking 3rd harmonic currents

SINCE NO 3rd HARMONIC CURRENT CAN RETURN IN THE

NEUTRAL WIRE, NO 3rd HARMONIC CURRENT CAN FLOW

IN THE PHASE WIRES

60Hz CURRENT and 3rd HARMONICCURRENT FLOWING IN ALL THREEPHASES

60 Hz 3rd HARMONIC

PHASE C

PHASE A

PHASE B


60Hz IMBALANCE CURRENT PLUS 3RD HARMONIC CURRENT, COMBINED FROM ALL THREE PHASES, MUSTRETURN TO THE GENERATOR ON THE NEUTRAL WIRE

NEUTRAL

X0

High Impedance at 3RD harmonic frequency prohibits 3RD harmonic current flow.

Eliminate the 3rd Harmonic and Eliminate the Problem

Passive Parallel Resonant Circuit

Resides in the Neutral

Does Not Allow the Creation of the 3rd Harmonic

Resolves the Harmonic Issue by Elimination

TRANSFORMER ENCLOSUREPHASE C

PHASE A

PHASE B

60Hz ANDNON-TRIPLENHARMONICCURRENTS


HSS

NO 3rd HARMONIC CURRENTSTO CIRCULATE IN DELTA WINDING

60Hz CURRENT & HARMONIC-CURRENTS OTHER THAN 3RD

60Hz IMBALANCE CURRENT ONLYIN COMBINED NEUTRAL


TO BUILDING STEEL

X0

HSS ENCLOSURE

Wye distribution system with HSS

With HSS Without HSS

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 190

102030405060708090

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

% o

f Fu

ndam

enta

lPhase harmonic currents with & without harmonic suppression

With HSS Without HSS

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 190

255075

100125150175200225250

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Cur

rent

in a

mps

Neutral harmonic currents with & without harmonic suppression

Standard Transformer (with HSSwith HSS)


Each Phase 50% Loaded

Change:

A = -4.4 amps

B = -5.3 amps

C = -4.3 amps

N = -35.8 amps


K-13 Transformer (with HSSwith HSS)


Each Phase 50% Loaded Change:

A = -4.5 amps

B = -4.5 amps

C = -4.8 amps

N = -34.7 amps


Zig-Zag Transformer (with HSSwith HSS)


Each Phase 50% LoadedChange:

A = -4.7 amps

B = -4.5 amps

C = -5.1 amps

N = -36.9 amps


% kW REDUCTION WITH VARYING WIRING OPTIONSAND LOADING, STANDARD TRANSFORMER

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

% TRANSFORMER LOADING

% k

W R

EDU

CTIO

N

50' 50'+100'SN 50'+100'CN 50'+100'SN+100'CN

Power saved by removing harmonic currents varies with system loading and wiring methods

The Energy Savings Estimator

The Energy Savings Estimator (I2R waste heat savings)

The Energy Savings Estimator (avoided air conditioning)

Our products provide a continuous Our products provide a continuous Return on Investment (Return on Investment (ROIROI) )

month after month month after month through a model of through a model of

sustainedsustained energyenergy savingssavings

The Bottom LineThe Bottom Line

A Harmonic Suppression System can be supplied as aA Harmonic Suppression System can be supplied as a

•• SysteMaxSysteMax unit for use with any existing transformer

•• TransMaxTransMax unit which is an HSS solution with a TP1 transformer

•• GenMaxGenMax unit designed for paralleled generators with pitch problems

The TransMaxTransMax combines a high quality TP-1 transformer (formerly EnergyStar) with the Harmonic Suppression System all in a single easy to install enclosure

The SysteMaxSysteMax is an add on Harmonic Suppression system retrofit solution added to your present transformers to remove harmonic currents

The GenMax GenMax is for resolving paralleling generators that due to pitch differences cause 3rd harmonic currents to be generated.

GenMax mounted on top of Parallel Switchgear

The California The California Energy Commission Energy Commission

PIER case study PIER case study report report

This published case This published case study is an study is an

independent 3independent 3rdrd

party validation of party validation of the technology and the technology and our our 44--8%8% energy energy

savingssavings

Case Study # 1 CA State Franchise Tax BoardCA State Franchise Tax BoardCalifornia California EnergyEnergy Commission Commission PIERPIER Program & EPRIProgram & EPRI

•• The CEC Pier Program and EPRI conducted a study, independently vThe CEC Pier Program and EPRI conducted a study, independently validating the harmonics alidating the harmonics suppression system performance claims of sustainable energy savisuppression system performance claims of sustainable energy savings of ngs of 44--6%.6%.

•• The case study was conducted at the CA State Franchise Tax BoardThe case study was conducted at the CA State Franchise Tax Board’’s, Sacramento facility Bldg s, Sacramento facility Bldg #1. #1.

•• The building is approximately 450,000 sq.ft., containing a largeThe building is approximately 450,000 sq.ft., containing a large data center area equipped with data center area equipped with over 2,500 computer workstations. By installing our TransMax proover 2,500 computer workstations. By installing our TransMax products the State of California ducts the State of California saved saved over $500,000 over $500,000 on this application alone on this application alone (Please see attached documentation) (Please see attached documentation)

•• The US Army Corp of Engineers reviews this option for new electrThe US Army Corp of Engineers reviews this option for new electrical construction specifications ical construction specifications and when updating facilities to reduce oversizing their electricand when updating facilities to reduce oversizing their electrical distribution systems. al distribution systems.

•• The California Lottery Commission intends to upgrade its transfoThe California Lottery Commission intends to upgrade its transformers based on the this case rmers based on the this case study data as well. study data as well.

•• The CA State Insurance Compensation Fund has recently designed aThe CA State Insurance Compensation Fund has recently designed and purchased our products nd purchased our products for their 18 locations, statewide.for their 18 locations, statewide.

Case study 4Case study 4. . An Internet Hosting FacilityAn Internet Hosting Facility

Application DetailsApplication Details

•• 88--150 kVA k150 kVA k--13 transformers13 transformers

•• Combined neutral current reduced by 76% from 1940 to 451 Combined neutral current reduced by 76% from 1940 to 451 ampsamps

•• 3rd harmonic current reduced by 98% from 1890 to 44 amps3rd harmonic current reduced by 98% from 1890 to 44 amps

•• rms phase current reduced by 21%rms phase current reduced by 21%

•• Using energy savings estimator, Using energy savings estimator, ROI = 14.5 monthsROI = 14.5 months

Case Study 5. Pacific Stock Exchange Trading Floor Pacific Stock Exchange Trading Floor •• 22--112 kVA & 175 kVA, K20 transformers. The average transformer was112 kVA & 175 kVA, K20 transformers. The average transformer was loaded at loaded at

64% of rated capacity64% of rated capacity•• We reduced the combined neutral current by 75%, from 750 amps toWe reduced the combined neutral current by 75%, from 750 amps to 186 amps186 amps•• The 3The 3rdrd Harmonic neutral was reduced by 98%, from 712 amps to 15 ampsHarmonic neutral was reduced by 98%, from 712 amps to 15 amps•• RMS phase current was reduced by 9%RMS phase current was reduced by 9%•• Using the energy savings calculator their expected Using the energy savings calculator their expected ROIROI was was 19 months19 months•• They were able to remove 3 portable A/C units saving them They were able to remove 3 portable A/C units saving them $54,000.00 a year$54,000.00 a year

Conclusion

•• There is a difference between transformer There is a difference between transformer efficiency and HSS energy savingsefficiency and HSS energy savings

•• Employing HSS technology can help earnEmploying HSS technology can help earnLEEDLEED pointspoints

Our products provide a continuous Our products provide a continuous Return on Investment (Return on Investment (ROIROI) )

month after month month after month through a model of through a model of

sustainedsustained energyenergy savingssavings

The Bottom LineThe Bottom Line

Marketing Initiatives - 2008

I. Some of the Industries we serve ::

•• Universities & CollegesUniversities & Colleges•• Primary & Secondary SchoolsPrimary & Secondary Schools•• GovernmentGovernment•• Hospitals / MedicalHospitals / Medical•• Financial, Internet Services, etc.Financial, Internet Services, etc.•• High Tech and IndustrialHigh Tech and Industrial•• Entertainment & Media Entertainment & Media •• BioTech / PharmaBioTech / Pharma•• Gaming / CasinosGaming / Casinos•• REITS REITS

Some of the customers we serveSome of the customers we serve

•• Stanford University, Scripps, Univ. of CA Santa Cruz, Yale, ColuStanford University, Scripps, Univ. of CA Santa Cruz, Yale, Columbia, MIT, mbia, MIT, Univ. of PA, Penn State, Cornell Univ., Univ. of NevadaUniv. of PA, Penn State, Cornell Univ., Univ. of Nevada--Reno, Cal State Reno, Cal State Monterey, San JoseMonterey, San Jose’’ City College, Merced College, San Joaquin Delta City College, Merced College, San Joaquin Delta College, Folsom Lake College, Butte Community College, Newark, CCollege, Folsom Lake College, Butte Community College, Newark, CA A County School district, dozens of high schools within CaliforniaCounty School district, dozens of high schools within California..

•• Kaiser PermanenteKaiser Permanente’’, Johns Hopkins, Yale New Haven Clinic, The Cleveland , Johns Hopkins, Yale New Haven Clinic, The Cleveland Clinic, Abbott Labs, Gilead Sciences, Pfizer, Amgen, Merck, UnitClinic, Abbott Labs, Gilead Sciences, Pfizer, Amgen, Merck, United Health, ed Health, Wyeth Astra Zeneca, Wyeth Astra Zeneca, ……

•• NYSE, Pacific Stock Exchange, Bank of America, HSBC, Citicorp, ANYSE, Pacific Stock Exchange, Bank of America, HSBC, Citicorp, American merican Express, Fannie Mae, John Hancock, GE Capital, Chase, Arthur AndExpress, Fannie Mae, John Hancock, GE Capital, Chase, Arthur Andersen, ersen, JP Morgan, Bloomberg, UBSJP Morgan, Bloomberg, UBS

•• Apple Computer, Intel, IBM, Nvidia, NetApps, Sandisk, Cisco, AT&Apple Computer, Intel, IBM, Nvidia, NetApps, Sandisk, Cisco, AT&T, Hewlett T, Hewlett Packard, Sun Micro, Intuit, Brocade, Lockheed, Boeing, Raytheon,Packard, Sun Micro, Intuit, Brocade, Lockheed, Boeing, Raytheon, Sikorsky, Sikorsky, Dupont, ChevronDupont, Chevron……

•• Creech AFB, Edwards AF Base, CALStrs Bldg, Sacramento, CA State Creech AFB, Edwards AF Base, CALStrs Bldg, Sacramento, CA State Franchise Tax Board, CA State Insurance Comp Fund, FAA, Pacific Franchise Tax Board, CA State Insurance Comp Fund, FAA, Pacific Energy Energy Solutions, Roseville City Govt., Federal GSA Bldg. Los Angeles, Solutions, Roseville City Govt., Federal GSA Bldg. Los Angeles, San San Bernardino CountyBernardino County

•• Metro Media, CBS, NBC, Bloomberg, Reuters, AP, CNET, Fox StudiosMetro Media, CBS, NBC, Bloomberg, Reuters, AP, CNET, Fox Studios, MTV, , MTV, Facebook, Time Warner, ESPN, CSPAN, Food Network, Scripps NetworFacebook, Time Warner, ESPN, CSPAN, Food Network, Scripps Networks, ks, Ceasars Palace CCTV, Canary Casino, LaughlinCeasars Palace CCTV, Canary Casino, Laughlin’’s Riverside Casino Resorts Riverside Casino Resort……..

Some of the customers we serveSome of the customers we serve

Thank You for your timeThank You for your time

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