the geography of rome protection for rome and italy rome built on seven hills alps barrier to the...
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Tiber RiverTiber River
• Tiber river runs through ROMETiber river runs through ROME– Remember most major cities in the Remember most major cities in the
world are on riversworld are on rivers
• Greek colonistsGreek colonists– Eastern portion of SicilyEastern portion of Sicily– ““Heel” and “toe” of ItalyHeel” and “toe” of Italy
• Carthaginian colonistsCarthaginian colonists– Western portion of SicilyWestern portion of Sicily
• GaulsGauls– Between Alps and Po Between Alps and Po
RiverRiver
The Others Living in The Others Living in ItalyItaly
The Others Living in The Others Living in ItalyItaly
• Mystery – their origins are lost to prehistoryMystery – their origins are lost to prehistory• Lived north of RomeLived north of Rome
– Region today called “Tuscany” after Region today called “Tuscany” after them (ancient Etruria)them (ancient Etruria)
– Enemies of the RomansEnemies of the Romans
• Taught the Romans:Taught the Romans:– Arch in architecture, drainage and Arch in architecture, drainage and
sewer-building, phalanx military sewer-building, phalanx military formation, writing, and polytheistic formation, writing, and polytheistic religionreligion
The Others Living in The Others Living in ItalyItaly
The Others Living in The Others Living in ItalyItaly
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans
Influence of the Influence of the EtruscansEtruscans WritingWriting
ReligionReligion The ArchThe Arch
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:
Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus
Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE
Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.
The Birth of the The Birth of the RepublicRepublic
The Birth of the The Birth of the RepublicRepublic
• Carthage Carthage large and large and powerful trading city on powerful trading city on the North African coastthe North African coast
• Carthage and Rome Carthage and Rome would fight 3 wars called would fight 3 wars called the PUNIC WARSthe PUNIC WARS
Rome Conquers Rome Conquers the Mediterraneanthe Mediterranean Rome Conquers Rome Conquers
the Mediterraneanthe Mediterranean
• HANNIBALHANNIBAL
– Great Military General from Great Military General from CarthageCarthage
– Led an Army of over 100,000 men Led an Army of over 100,000 men with Elephants through the Alpswith Elephants through the Alps
– Would Fail and return to CarthageWould Fail and return to Carthage– 33rdrd Punic War Punic War Rome burned Rome burned
Carthage and destroyed them Carthage and destroyed them completely completely
Rome Conquers Rome Conquers the Mediterraneanthe Mediterranean Rome Conquers Rome Conquers
the Mediterraneanthe Mediterranean
Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius
Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer
Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.
• professional standing army.
• JULIUS CESARJULIUS CESAR• By 44 B.C.E. The great military By 44 B.C.E. The great military
General Julius Cesar was put in General Julius Cesar was put in power as Emperor for life.power as Emperor for life.– He would be betrayed and He would be betrayed and
killed within a few yearskilled within a few years• His desire for power led to his His desire for power led to his
deathdeath
Republic Republic destroyed= destroyed=
Dictator put in Dictator put in placeplace
Republic Republic destroyed= destroyed=
Dictator put in Dictator put in placeplace
PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators
Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC
The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March!March!44 BCE44 BCE
The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First
EmperorEmperor
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire
– 14 CE– 14 CE
Taken Taken from from the the Greek Greek GODSGODS
The Roman ReligionThe Roman ReligionThe Roman ReligionThe Roman Religion
Religions within Religions within the Roman the Roman EmpireEmpire
• Romans allowed for Romans allowed for free worship as free worship as long as everyone long as everyone honored the Roman honored the Roman gods through gods through sacrifice on holy sacrifice on holy days etc days etc – Most religions had Most religions had
no problem with no problem with this because they this because they were were polytheisticpolytheistic
Roman sacrifice
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Religions within Religions within the Roman the Roman EmpireEmpire
• Jews, however, who Jews, however, who refused to worship refused to worship more than one god more than one god were constantly were constantly revolting and refusing revolting and refusing Roman rule and Roman rule and assimilationassimilation– Called Called ZealotsZealots
• Controversy made this Controversy made this entire region in turmoilentire region in turmoil
Roman soldiers destroying the Temple
in Jerusalem
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Life of Jesus Christ Life of Jesus Christ (historically (historically speaking)speaking)
• Born in Bethlehem and Born in Bethlehem and raised in Nazareth on raised in Nazareth on banks of Sea of Galilee banks of Sea of Galilee – Under Roman controlUnder Roman control– Jesus, Mary, and Joseph Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
recorded in Roman recorded in Roman censuscensus
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Life of Jesus ChristLife of Jesus Christ• Born in Jewish faithBorn in Jewish faith
– Most Christian practices Most Christian practices are rooted in Judaismare rooted in Judaism
• Preached eternal Preached eternal salvation, equality, salvation, equality, justice, and love of all justice, and love of all people people – Were these ideas Were these ideas
appreciated at that time?appreciated at that time?– How would Roman How would Roman
regents handle this regents handle this situation?situation?
• Put to death by Roman Put to death by Roman PrefectPrefect– Pontius PilatePontius Pilate “I wash my hands of
this man’s blood”
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity• After Jesus’ death those who followed him After Jesus’ death those who followed him
were were persecutedpersecuted for their beliefs for their beliefs– Cannibals, monotheistic, incestuous, private, Cannibals, monotheistic, incestuous, private,
refused to honor Roman gods/emperors refused to honor Roman gods/emperors – Martyrs Martyrs
• Went under ground to perform rituals Went under ground to perform rituals – Catacombs-Catacombs- underground graves and Chapels for underground graves and Chapels for
ChristiansChristians
• At first Christians were simply a At first Christians were simply a sectsect of of JudaismJudaism
• By 100 A.D. they had split into their own By 100 A.D. they had split into their own religionreligion
• Fiscus judaicusFiscus judaicus • Council of Jerusalem Council of Jerusalem
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Spread of Christianity Spread of Christianity • How did Christianity spread so quickly and to How did Christianity spread so quickly and to
so many people? so many people? – Roman infrastructure Roman infrastructure
• roads, safe sea travel, postal service, Roman roads, safe sea travel, postal service, Roman citizenship citizenship
– Greek influence Greek influence • Greek language, Greek philosophers, Greek language, Greek philosophers,
– Jesus’ message; who does it apply to?Jesus’ message; who does it apply to?• Poor, sick, exiled, suffering, rich, man, woman, Poor, sick, exiled, suffering, rich, man, woman,
etc. etc.
– Christian belief on life after deathChristian belief on life after death• How was life on earth at that time? How was life on earth at that time?
– Martyr's exampleMartyr's example• Inspiring Inspiring
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
Spread of Spread of ChristianityChristianity
• After centuries of on-and-After centuries of on-and-off persecution, off persecution, Constantine issues the Constantine issues the The The Edict of Milan, Edict of Milan, or freedom or freedom to worship, in A.D. 313to worship, in A.D. 313
• Did HE REALLY SEE Did HE REALLY SEE ANYTHING?ANYTHING?
• Might have seen it coming Might have seen it coming and just made up the and just made up the story… there are some story… there are some stories that say on his stories that say on his death bed Constantine death bed Constantine was praying to Zeuswas praying to Zeus
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
Dissension Between Dissension Between ChurchChurch
• Disputes arose between Disputes arose between Patriarchs Patriarchs over over practices and doctrinepractices and doctrine
• The Roman Patriarch The Roman Patriarch became known as the became known as the PopePope (papa) and over (papa) and over time claimed authority time claimed authority over the other over the other Patriarchs Patriarchs
• Led to major split Led to major split between Western between Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity and Eastern Christianity Christianity
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294
CECE
Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)
Roman Roads: Roman Roads: The The Appian WayAppian WayRoman Roads: Roman Roads:
The The Appian WayAppian Way
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government
Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural
StyleStyle Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch