ROME

ROMAN REPUBLIC

mountains up the east coast

Alps in north with passages

surrounded by water

GEOGRAPHY

Patricians

LandownersMade the law

Plebeians

FarmersFollowed the law?

CLASS SYSTEM

Iowa classroom

HOW DO CLASS SYSTEMS CREATE CONFLICT?

AeneasRomulus and Remus

FOUNDING OF ROME

Latin settlers built along the Tiber riverEtruscan kings from the north took overGreek colonies in the south

HISTORICAL FOUNDING OF ROME

wealthy land owners overthrew the king, established a republic

Senate-controlled public funds and foreign policy

Dictators could rule for 6 months in times of emergency

Magistrates=consuls (chief executive), praetors (commanders, judges), censors (bureaucrats)

ROMAN REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT

Similarities Differences

LIKE OURS OR NOT?

every man who owned land was required to serve in the army

4500-6000 legionnaires

ARMY

-benevolently, cities around Rome granted full citizenship, city-states further away were granted partial citizenship

far away territories remained independent, but had to supply troops for the Roman army and land for Roman farmers

RULING CONQUERED AREAS

1st- largely a naval war (Rome built off a model Carthaginian ship), Rome forced Carthage to give up Sicily

2nd- Hannibal marched across the Alps into Italy and won many victories, laying waste to the countryside, Romans invaded Carthage and Scipio defeated Hannibal, Spanish colonies ceded to Rome

3rd- mostly for revenge, Carthage sieged and destroyed

PUNIC WARS

Senate gained a lot of control

Gracchi (Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus) tried land reforms and subsidizing foodboth were violently killed

EXPANSION CHANGES GOVERNMENT

equites gained status as middle class merchants

soldiers forced to sell land because it was destroyed and they did not have the money to repair it

Social Wars (allies wanted more political power), they lost the war but won their rights

WEAKENING REPUBLIC

First Triumvirate –Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, and Licinius CrassusCaesar became a successful general in Gaul

Crassus died in battlePompey ordered Caesar back to Rome without his army

Caesar came back with his army, Pompey fled to Greece where he was defeated

FIRST TRIUMVIRATE

Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus (Caesar’s second in command)Lepidus forced to retire

Antony took the east part of the empire

Octavian the west

Octavian convinced the Senate to go to war against Antony, defeating him and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE

ROMAN EMPIRE

Octavian became Augustus (“revered one”), first Roman emperor

CAESAR AUGUSTUS

strong government

unifying law code that could be updated and interpreted

good trade and transportation (roads for army)

could become citizen by enlisting in the army

STRENGTHS OF EMPIRE

a few rich people and many poor people

slaves were unnecessary due to cheap labor, but showed status

boys were taught in schools

Roman emperor was the head of the religion

gladiators were entertainment

ROMAN SOCIETY

AqueductsGalen’s medical

knowledgePtolemy’s theory

of astronomy (geocentric)

TECHNOLOGIES

FALL OF ROME

Roman emperor that split the empire into east and west

drove out barbarians

tried to impose wage and price controls

DIOCLETIAN

money loses its value while prices continue to rise

countries unstable because their international standing decreases (they can get less stuff)

INFLATION

Germanic invaders

lack of expansion (no additional flow of money)

political and military weakness

social change (apathy toward the government)

DECLINE OF ROME