rome. founding 1500bc-latins crossed alps founded rome on 7 hills by tiber river agricultural ...
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Rome
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Founding 1500BC-Latins crossed Alps
Founded Rome on 7 hills by Tiber River
Agricultural 750BC-Conquered by Etruscans Latins (Romans) learned to:
Build roads, walls, & buildings Make metal weapons
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Republic
5th-3rd centuries BC Social aristocracy
Patricians Consuls Senate
Plebeians largely excluded from government
Plebeians eventually gained right to vote and hold office
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Fasces
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Chicago City Hall
Pittsburg Federal Bldg.
Spain
Birmingham, AL
Nebraska Supreme Court, Lincoln
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Buffalo, NY, City Council Chamber
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Fasces
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Fasces
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Conquered Mediterranean World
Italian Peninsula 340-270 BC Well-trained citizen-soldiers Wise treatment of conquered peoples
Carthage—264-146 BC—Punic Wars Rome destroyed and took Carthage
Eastern Mediterranean by 1st century BC
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Effect of Conquests
Spread Greek culture Officials/Nobles gained large fortunes Roman virtues disappeared Ruined small farmers & workers
Farmers migrated to cities Politicians offered free programs
Citizen-soldiers replaced by professional soldiers
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Republic to Dictatorship By 2nd century BC, Roman generals
battled for control Civil War: Caesar vs. Pompey 60 BC--First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus Caesar had his army’s loyalty
Senate told him to disband army He invaded Rome
Became dictator Assassinated in 44 BC
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Caesar’s Roman
Republic
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Republic to Dictatorship
Civil War: Octavian vs. Antony Mark Antony and Octavian
defeated Brutus and Cassius, the chief conspirators in Julius Caesar’s death
Octavian defeated Antony Became absolute ruler of Rome
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Roman Empire 27 BC--476 AD Octavian
Senate gave him the title of Augustus Began Pax Romana Developed trade/industry/science/arts
Trajan Empire at its greatest
Hadrian Built defensive walls in Britain
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Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius
Philosopher/ruler/soldier His death ended Pax Romana
Diocletian Divided Empire
Constantine Reunited empire Moved capital to Byzantium Converted to Christianity
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Germanic Invasion Germans allowed to settle Huns pushed more Germans in
Visigoths in Spain Ostrogoths in Italy Vandals in North Africa Franks in Gaul Angles & Saxons in Britain
476AD-last Roman emperor
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Why West Fell-Political Corrupt dictatorial government Did not have people’s loyalty Empire could not be governed
efficiently from one central city Primitive transportation Poor communication
Rivalry over succession led to civil wars
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Why West Fell-Economic Small farmers abandoned land
Became workers on large estates Lost desire to increase production
Heavy, unjust taxation Burdened people Destroyed ambition to work and
progress Widespread use of slaves
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Why West Fell-Social
People only interested in luxury & survival
Ideals had almost vanished Sharp class distinctions Cities declined
Previous centers of culture and industry
People fled to rural regions
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Why West Fell-Military
Roman armies included German mercenaries
Armies considered themselves masters of the state, not its servants
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Roman Contributions Pax Romana—27 BC-180 AD
Greco-Roman (classical) civilization spread throughout Empire
Roman Law Influenced legal systems in Byzantine
Empire, Western Europe and US
Architecture Effectively used concrete, arch
and dome
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Pantheon
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Roman Contributions Language
Romance languages Literature
Cicero—Father of Latin prose Vergil—Wrote the Aeneid
Historical Writing Livy—Wrote history of Rome Plutarch—Wrote Parallel Lives
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Roman Contributions Science
Practical scientists in: Sanitation Public health
Research scientists generally non-Roman Ptolemy (Greek)
Sun revolves around earth
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