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TRANSCRIPT
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THE EARTH’S RELIEF
PEDRO FLORES. IES SAN JUAN BAUTISTA. 1º ESO
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STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
THE EARTH IS FORMED BY SEVERAL LAYERS
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CHEMICAL layers
PHYSICAL layers.
CRUST
MANTLE
CORE
Oceanic crustContinental crust
LITHOSPHEREASTHENOSPHERE ?
MESOSPHERE
ENDOSPHERE
Upper mantle
Lower mantle
Outer core
Inner core
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MANTLE
CORE
CRUST
SKIN
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THEORY OF THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT
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THE EARTH’S CRUST THE CRUST IS DIVIDED INTO BLOCKS AND THE MANTLE IS LIQUID.
-- EARTHQUAKES -- SEPARATION OF LANDS -- OCEAN RIDGES CONSEQUENCES: -- VOLCANOES -- TSUNAMIS -- MOUNTAIN RANGES -- ISLANDS
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THE EARTH’S CRUST
CRASH OF TECTONIC PLATES
VOLCANOES
MOUNTAIN RANGES
ISLANDS
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ACTIVITIES1.- WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH?
2.- WHAT’S THE NAME OF THE WIDER LAYER? AND THE THINNER ONE?
3.- COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE: • VOLUME:• COMPOSITION:CORE• VOLUME:• COMPOSITIONMANTLE• VOLUME:• COMPOSITION:CRUST
4.- MAKE A DRAWING OF THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH.
5.- WHAT ARE THE AGENTS THAT SHAPE THE RELIEF?
6.- EXPLAIN THE THEORY OF THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT.
7.- LOOK AT THE MAP OF THE EARTH’S CRUST AND INDICATE THE NAME OF THE THREE MOST IMPORTANT TECTONIC PLATES. WHAT HAPPENS WHERE TWO IMPORTANT PLATES CLASH?
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INTERNAL AGENTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEFEARTHQUAKES
AN EARTHQUAKE IS A VIBRATION OF THE EARTH’S CRUST THAT OCCURRED WHEN TWO SIDESOF A FAULT COLLIDE OR SEPARATE. THE FRICTION CAUSES ENERGY.
THE POINT WHERE THIS ENERGY IS FREED IS CALLED EPICENTRE.
TO MEASURE THE MAGNITUDE OF AN EARQUAKE WE USE A SEISMOGRAPH AND WE USE THERICHTER SCALE.
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VOLCANOESINTERNAL AGENTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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EFFECTOS OF EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES
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ACTIVITIES8.- WHAT ARE THE EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF?
9.- WHY DO EARQUAKES AND VOLCANOES TAKE PLACE? WHICH ARE THEIR EFFECTS?
10.- INDICATE THE PARTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE. HOW DO WE MEASURE IT? WHAT’S THE MOSTIMPORTANT SCALE?.
11.- INDICATE AND DESCRIBE THE PARTS OF A VOLCANO.
12.- WHY DO YOU THINK THE MEDITERRANEAN IS A PLACE OF EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES?
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OROGENY
RELIEF
INTERNALFORCES It is the result of…
EXTERNALFORCES
ELEVATION EROSION
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EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEFEXTERNAL AGENTS (WATER, WIND, VEGETATION, LIVING BEINGS, ETC)
ARE PRODUCED IN THE EARTH’S CRUST AND MODIFY THE RELIEF
EROSION
WEATHERING TRANSPORT DEPOSITION
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WATERRAVINES AND VALLEYS PLAINS AND DELTAS
ROCK’S FRACTURESCAVES AND GALLERIES
EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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WATER. WAVES, OCEAN CURRENTS AND TIDESEXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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WIND
WIND ERODES THE ROCKS, TRANSPORT THEM AND ERODE OTHER ONES, BUT IT DOES IT VERY SOFTLY AND IN SMALL PARTICLES.
EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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VEGETATION
PLANTS AND TREES WITH THEIR ROOTS ALSO CHANGE THE RELIEF BREAKING ROCKS AND FIXING THE SOIL.
EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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HUMAN BEINGS
FARMLANDS
INFRAESTRUCTURES
CITIES
ROADS, RAILWAYS…
EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
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ACTIVITIES13.- WHAT ARE THE MAIN EXTERNAL AGENTS THAT CHANGE THE EARTH RELIEF? WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF ITS ACTIONS?
14.- FROM ALL EXTERNAL AGENTS, WHICH ONE DO YOU THINK IS THE MOST IMPORTANT? WHY?
15.- WRITE A KIND OF LANDFORM ORIGINATED BY WATER AND EXPLAIN IT. YOU CAN LOOK INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET ABOUT THIS LANDFORM.
16.- HOW SEA WATERS CAN CHANGE THE COASTAL RELIEF?
16.- WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE WIND ON THE EARTH’S RELIEF? HOW DOES THE VEGETATIONCHANGE THE RELIEF?
17.- GIVE EXAMPLES OF HUMAN ACTIONS THAT CAN CHANGE THE RELIEF.
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LANDFORMSCONTINENTAL RELIEF
SIERRA
EXTERNAL AGENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF
PLATEAU
RANGE
VALLEY
DEPRESSION
MOUNTAIN
PLAIN
HILL
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PLATEAU: A FLAT TERRAIN THAT IS ELEVATED ABOVE THE SURROUNDING AREA.
PLAIN: A FLAT AREA OF LAND WITH FEW LANDFORMS.
DEPRESSION: A WIDE LOW AREA, WITH GENTLE SLOPES, SURROUNDED BY HIGHER AREAS.SOMETIMES A DEPRESSION CONTAINS VALLEYS AND THEIR RIVERS.
HILL: LOW ELEVATION, SMALLER THAN A MOUNTAIN. (LESS THAN 100 METERS).
VALLEY: A LOW AREA BETWEEN TWO HIGH AREAS, SMALLER THAN A DEPRESSION, USUALLYWITH A RIVER RUNNING THROUGH IT. IT CAN BE FLUVIAL OR GLACIAL.
MOUNTAIN: ELEVATED UNIT OF RELIEF WITH VERY STEEP SLOPES. USUALLY HIGHER THA 700 METERS.
SIERRA: A SMALLER LINE OF MOUNTAINS, LOWER THAN A RANGE, OR BELONGINGTO A RANGE.
MOUNTAIN RANGE: A LINE OF HIGH MOUNTAINS. USUALLY MADE UP OF VARIOUS SIERRAS.
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LANDFORMSCOASTAL RELIEF
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ISLAND: A PIECE OF LAND SURROUNDING BY WATER.
ARCHIPELAGO: A GROUP OF ISLANDS.
PENINSULA: A PIECE OF LAND SURROUNDED BY WATER, EXCEPT FOR THE ISTHMUS THATCONNECTS IT TO THE MAINLAND.
GULF: A BODY OF WATER INDENTS IN THE COASTLINE. THE NAME VARIES ACCORDINGTO ITS SIZE.
BAY: A SMALLER GULF.
CAPE: A LARGE AREA OF THE COAST THAT EXTENDS INTO THE SEA.
RIA: A RIVER VALLEY INVADED BY THE SEA.
BEACH: ACCUMULATION OF SAND AND GRAVEL ON LOW AREAS OF THE COAST.
MARSHES: LOW WET LAND THAT IS FLOODED BY THE TIDES.
LAGOON: A SHALLOW BODY OF WATER SEPARATED FROM THE COAST BY SAND OR CORAL.
DELTA: A DEPOSIT OF MATERIALS TRANSPORTED BY THE RIVER TO THE RIVER MOUTH.
ESTUARY: WHERE THE RIVER FLOWS INTO THE SEA AT THE RIVER MOUTH AND FRESH WATER MIXES WITH SALT WATER.
CLIFF: A VERTICAL WALL AT THE EDGE OF THE LAND.
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LANDFORMSOCEANIC RELIEF
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CONTINENTAL SHELF: AN EXTENSION OF THE CONTINENTE BELOW THE WATER. IT RUNSALONG THE COAST AND IS RELATIVELY SHALLOW (UP TO 200 M.)
CONTINENTAL SLOPE: A SHARP DESCENT AT THE END OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF.
ABYSSAL PLAIN: AN ENORMOUS AREA OF THE OCEAN FLOOR THAT IS RELATIVELY FLATAND IS AS DEEP AS 4000 M. IN SOME PARTS.
OCEAN RIDGE: MOUNTAINS OR MOUNTAIN RANGE, USUALLY OF VOLCANIC ORIGIN, FORMEDIN THE AREAS OF CONTACT OR SEPARATION OF TECTONIC PLATES.
OCEAN TRENCH: DEEP DEPRESSIONS (REACHING DEPTHS OF OVER 10,000 METERS) THATORIGINATE IN AREAS WHERE TECTONIC PLATES MEET.