the e tutor- ap_ecosystems

8/2/2019 The E Tutor- AP_Ecosystems

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@mc}q}|`b}


2/54

@mc}q}|`b} @mc}q}|`b}

En `mc}q}|`b a} ekk ci |d` cvgena}b} an en ev`e+ekcng wa|d |d`av ncnkayang `nyavcnb`n|

@tebxk`? eupevapb Kayang * Ncn"kayang

$Fac|am * Efac|am!


3/54

\vcxdam K`y`k}

Cvgena}b} an e mcbbpna|qev` v`ke|`l |c `emd c|d`v|dvcpgd i``langv`ke|acn}dax}

@emd }|`x px an |d`|ven}i`v ci `n`vgq a}jncwn e} e |vcxdam k`y`k

Ekk `n`vgq pk|abe|`kqmcb`} ivcb |d` ]PN


4/54

\vcxdam K`y`k}

L`mcbxc}`v}# L`|va|aycv`} @e| l`|va|p} $cvgenam

we}|`#v`bean} ci l`el

cvgena}b}! Men ia| an |c e iccl mdean

cv w`f e| enq kcme|acn


5/54

\vcxdam K`y`k}

Xvclpm`v}

Mcny`v| }ckev $cv md`bamek!

`n`vgq an|c cvgenammcbxcpnl}

Xvabevq mcn}pb`v}

@e| xvclpm`v}

]`mcnlevq mcn}pb`v} @e| xvabevq mcn}pb`v}

\`v|aevq mcn}pb`v}

@e| }`mcnlevq mcn}pb`v}


6/54

Xqvebal ci

Npbf`v}#Facbe}}#@n`vgq

Npbf`v}+ `n`vgq+ )facbe}} l`mv`e}`} e}cn` bcy`} px |d` icclmdean.

Facbe}}" lvq be}} cicvgenam be||`v


7/54

\vcxdam K`y`k}

\`n"X`vm`n| Kew

P}efk` `n`vgq a} kc}| |dvcpgd èmd |ven}i`v ci `n`vgq

Wdq3 $V`b`bf v |d` kew ci mcn}`vye|acn ci `n`vgq }eq}

`n`vgq mennc| f` mvè|`l cv l`}|vcq`l: a| cnkq mdeng`} icvb.!

Cnkq efcp| 58 ci |d` `n`vgq e| cn` |vcxdam k`y`k a}|ven}i`vv`l |c |d` n`t| |vcxdam k`y`k. 18 a} kc}| e} dè|wa|d èmd |ven}i`v.


8/54

\vcxdam K`y`k}


9/54

Iccl Mdean

E }|veagd|"kan` }`up`nm` ci wdc `e|}

wdcb

]abxk` iccl mdean} ev` vev` an ne|pv`


10/54

\ekk"Gve}} Xveava` Iccl W`f


11/54

Xvabevq Xvclpm|aya|q

Xvabevq Xvclpm|aya|q?

\d` ebcpn| ci kagd| `n`vgq mcny`v|`l |c }pgev}

fq ep|c|vcxd} an en `mc}q}|`b Gvc}} y}. N`| Xvabevq Xvclpm|aya|q

GXX? |d` ebcpn| ci kagd| `n`vgq |de| a} mcny`v|`l |c

md`bamek `n`vgq fq xdc|c}qn|d`}a} x`v pna| |ab`

NXX? GXX banp} |d` `n`vgq p}`l fq |d` xvabevqxvclpm`v} icv m`kkpkev v`}xave|acn

GXX"V2NXX


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Kaba|ang Np|va`n|}

Wde| kaba|} xvabevq xvclpm|acn3

Eupe|am @mc}q}|`b}

Kagd| $l`x|d x`n`|ve|acn! Na|vcg`n

Xdc}xdcvp}

\`vv`}|vaek @mc}q}|`b}

\`bx`ve|pv`

Bca}|pv`

Ban`vek} $N ) X ev` |d` bean kaba|ang iem|cv} icv xken|}.!


14/54

Facg`cmd`bamek Mqmk`

\d` ikcw ci e np|va`n| ivcb |d` `nyavcnb`n| |c

kayang cvgena}b} enl femj |c |d` `nyavcnb`n|

Bean v`}`vycav icv |d` np|va`n| a} an |d`

`nyavcnb`n|


15/54Dqlvckcgam Mqmk`

E|bc}xd`v`

Cm`en Kenl

`yexcve|acnivcb cm`en


16/54

laiip}acn f`|w``ne|bc}xd`v` enl cmèn

famevfcne|` enlmevfcne|` ancmèn we|`v

bevan` icclw`f}

bevan` }`lab`n|}

mcbfp}|acn ci ic}}ak ip`k}

anmcvxcve|acn

an|c }`lab`n|}

lè|d+}`lab`n|e|acn

pxkai|ang}`lab`n|e|acn

xdc|c}qn|d`}a} e`vcfam

v`}xave|acn

Mevfcn Mqmk` " Bevan`


17/54Mevfcn Mqmk` " Kenl


18/54

Mevfcn an E|bc}xd`v`

E|bc}xd`vam mevfcn a} beankq mevfcn lactal`

Mevfcn lactal` a} ell`l |c e|bc}xd`v`

E`vcfam v`}xave|acn+ yckmenam em|acn+ fpvnang

ic}}ak ip`k}

V`bcy`l fq xdc|c}qn|d`}a}


19/54

Gv``ndcp}` @ii`m|

Gv``ndcp}` ge}`} abx`l` |d` `}mex` ci d`e|

ivcb @ev|d} }pviem`


20/54

Gkcfek Wevbang

Kcng"|`vb anmv`e}` an |d` |`bx`ve|pv` ci

@ev|d} kcw`v e|bc}xd`v`


21/54

Na|vcg`n Mqmk`

Na|vcg`n a} p}`l an ebanc emal} enl npmk`am

emal}

Bean v`}`vycav a} na|vcg`n ge} an |d` e|bc}xd`v`


22/54Na|vcg`n Mqmk

ge}`cp} na|vcg`n $N6!an e|bc}xd`v`

NC="an }cak

na|vcg`n iate|acnfq anlp}|vq

i`v|akaz`v}

ND="+ND


23/54

Na|vcg`n Iate|acn

Xken|} mennc| p}` na|vcg`n ge}

Na|vcg`n"iatang fem|`vae mcny`v| na|vcg`n ge}

an|c ebbcnae $ND=!

Ebbcnae enl ebbcnapb men f` |ej`n px fq

xken|}


24/54

Ebbcnaiame|acn ) Na|vaiame|acn

Fem|`vae enl ipnga mevvq cp| ebbcnaiame|acn

mcny`v}acn ci na|vcg`ncp} we}|`} |c ebbcnae

Na|vaiqang fem|`vae mcny`v| ebbcnapb |c na|va|`}

enl na|ve|`}


25/54

Na|vcg`n Kc}}

Na|vcg`n a} ci|`n e kaba|ang iem|cv an `mc}q}|`b}

Na|vcg`n a} kc}| ivcb }cak} yae k`emdang enl vpncii

L`na|vaiqang fem|`vae mcny`v| na|ve|`} enl na|va|`}

|c na|vcg`n ge}


26/54

Xdc}xdcvp} Mqmk

Xdc}xdcvp} a} xev| ci xdc}xdckaxal} enl ekk

npmk`c|al`}

A| a} |d` bc}| xv`yek`n| kaba|ang iem|cv an

`mc}q}|`b}

Bean v`}`vycav a} @ev|d} mvp}|: nc ge}`cp}

xde}`


27/54Xdc}xdcvp} Mqmk`


28/54

Dpben Abxem| cn

@mc}q}|`b}

Anmvè}`l @p|vcxdame|acn ci

Kej`}

Anmvè}` an np|va`n| k`y`k}

$xdc}xde|`}+ na|ve|`}+ `|m.!

Men kèl |c ekgek fkccb}

Dqxctae

Wde| a} a|3

Wdq3 Men kèl |c |d` `y`n|pek kc}} ci

ia}d enl c|d`v eupe|am cvgena}b}

Emm`k`ve|`l fq }`weg`#iem|cvqwe}|`}+ kèmdang ci i`v|akaz`v} an|c

iv`}dwe|`v


29/54

Dpben Abxem| cn

@mc}q}|`b}

Mcbfp}|acn ci Ic}}ak Ip`k}

K`el} |c emal xv`maxa|e|acn

Mdeng`} |d` xD ci eupe|am

`mc}q}|`b} enl eii`m|} |d`}cak md`ba}|vq ci |`vv`}|vaek

`mc}q}|`b}


30/54

Dpben Abxem| cn

@mc}q}|`b}

Fackcgamek Begnaiame|acn \ctan} f`mcb` bcv`

mcnm`n|ve|`l e} |d`q bcy` px

|d` iccl mdean \ctan} |de| ev` kaxcxdakam mennc|

f` `tmv`|`l an pvan` $we|`v%!+ }c|d`q ev` }|cv`l an ie||q |a}}p`$elaxc}` |a}}p`! pnk`}} |d`cvgena}b de} `nzqb`} |c fv`ej

a| lcwn Abxcv|en| tebxk`}3

\d` facbe}} e| enq gay`n|vcxdam k`y`k a} xvclpm`l ivcb ebpmd kevg`v facbe}} ang`}|`l

ivcb |d` k`y`k f`kcw


31/54

Dpben Abxem| cn

@mc}q}|`b}

Anmvè}ang Mevfcn Lactal` Mcnm`n|ve|acn an |dÈ|bc}xd`v`

Fpvnang ic}}ak ip`k} $wccl+ mcek+ cak! v`kè}`}MC6

Mevfcn lactal` enl we|`v an |d` e|bc}xd`v`

v`|ean }ckev dè|+ mep}ang |d` gv``ndcp}` ìi`m|


32/54

Dpben Abxem| cn

@mc}q}|`b}

P}` ci mdkcvcikpcvcmevfcn} de} l`}|vcq`lczcn` $C=! fq mcny`v|ang a| |c ctqg`n ge}.

Czcn` xvc|`m|} egean}| PY velae|acn Anmv`e}ang }jan menm`v}+ me|evem|}

Wde| ev` qcpv cll} ci g`||ang }jan menm`v anqcpv kai`|ab`3


33/54

Vean ]delcw

Eav va}`} cn |d` wanlwevl }al`+ kc}`} bca}|pv` f`icv`

xe}}ang cy`v |d` bcpn|ean

K``wevl }al` a} an |d` vean }delcw: l`}`v|}


34/54

Facb`}

V`gacn} ci kenl mdevem|`vaz`l fq defa|e|mcnla|acn} enl mcbbpna|q }|vpm|pv`

La}|anm|ay` facb`} xv`yeak e| m`v|ean ke|a|pl`}enl `k`ye|acn}


35/54

\vcxamek Icv`}|}

Beq f` lvq+ l`malpcp}+ cv veanicv`}|}

\. Veanicv`}|

Efpnlen| veaniekk < keq`v} |c icv`}| $pxx`v ) kcw`v mencxq+ }dvpf

pnl`v}|cvq+ ) d`vfem`cp} keq`v!

Xccv }cak lp` |c k`emdang

Dagd`}| }x`ma`} lay`v}a|q


36/54

Gve}}kenl}

]eyenne}

\vcxamek ) }pf|vcxamek wa|d }me||`v`l |v``}

= }`e}cn}? mcck ) lvq: dc| ) lvq: wevb w`|. Iv`up`n| iav`}

Gvezang bebbek}

$Eivamen gve}}kenl}!


37/54

Mdexevvek

Ekcng mce}|kan`} an bal ke|a|pl`}

Bakl+ veanq wan|`v} ) dc|+ lvq }pbb`v}

@y`vgv``n }dvpf} X`vaclam iav`}

Fvcw}`v}+ vcl`n|} v`x|ak`}


38/54

\`bx`ve|` Gve}}kenl $Xveava`!

]abakev |c }eyenned wa|dcp| |v``}

Mckl wan|`v}

Bean|ean`l fq iav` ]`e}cnek lvcpgd|

Vamd }cak}

Gvezang enabek}: d`vfaycv`}


39/54

\`bx`ve|` L`malpcp} Icv`}|

Cpv facb`

= keq`v`l icv`}|

Lcbanen| }x`ma`} ev` l`malpcp} |v``} Balke|a|pl`}


40/54

L`}`v|}

K`}} |den 58 m`n|ab`|`v} ennpek veaniekk+ dagd

k`y`k ci `yexcve|acn

\`nl |c cmmpv e| =8 l`gv``} ncv|d enl }cp|d

enl an vean }delcw}

Cn`"|davl ci kenl }pviem` a} eval cv }`baeval


41/54

Evm|am \pnlve

Np|va`n| mqmkang a} y`vq }kcw

Mckl`}| facb`

Kcw }x`ma`} lay`v}a|q

Evm|am |pnlve an Vp}}ae an }pbb`v

Cmmpv} e| dagd ke|a|pl`}

X`vbeivc}| ka`} f`n`e|d }pviem`


42/54

\eage $mcnai`vcp} icv`}|!

Icpnl an ncv|d`vn ke|a|pl`}

Dev}d wan|`v}: }dcv| }pbb`v}

\dan+ emalam }cak Mcnai`vcp} |v``}

Nc x`vbeivc}|


43/54

Ekxan` \pnlve

Cmmpv} e| dagd `k`ye|acn}

Nc pnl`vkqang x`vbeivc}|

Xken|} ev` kcw mp}dacn}cv be|} e} an Evm|am |pnlve


44/54

Kej`}

Fcla`} ci }|enlang iv`}dwe|`v

@p|vcxdam? }dekkcw+ np|va`n|"vamd+ de} dagd xvabevq

xvclpm|aya|q

Ckagc|vcxdam? l``x+ np|va`n|"xccv+ de} kcw xvabevq

xvclpm|aya|q


45/54

\d`vbek Keq`vang

An |`bx`ve|`"zcn` kej`}+ we|`v men icvb la}|anm|

keq`v} lpvang }pbb`v


46/54

]`e}cnek Cy`v|pvn

An }xvang enl iekk+ |`bx`ve|pv`} an |d` kej`

f`mcb` bcv` pnaicvb

Ctqg`n"vamd }pviem` we|`v} bat wa|d l``x`v

ctqg`n"xccv keq`v}

Np|va`n|} |de| emmpbpke|`l e| fc||cb ev`fvcpgd| |c |d` }pviem`


47/54

Cm`en Xvcyanm`}


48/54

Xdq|cxkenj|cn

Ikce|ang cv w`ejkq }wabbang xdc|cep|c|vcxd'}:

icvb |d` fe}` icv bc}| cm`enam iccl w`f}

Pk|ve xkenj|cn ev` xdc|c}qn|d`|am fem|`vae


49/54

Dqlvc|d`vbek Y`n|}

Cx`nang} an cm`en ikccv |de| }x`w ban`vek"vamd+}px`vd`e|`l we|`v

Xvabevq xvclpm`v} ev` md`bcep|c|vcxdamfem|`vae: p}` }pkial`} e}`n`vgq }cpvm`

\pf` wcvb} e| dqlvc|d`vbek y n|


50/54

@}|pevq

Xev|aekkq `nmkc}`l ev`e wd`v` }ek|we|`v enl

iv`}dwe|`v bat

Lcbane|`l fq }ek|"|ck`ven| xken|}

@tebxk`} ev` Md`}ex`ej` Feq+ ]en Ivenma}mc

Feq+ }ek| bev}d`} ci N`w @ngkenl


51/54

@}|pevan` Iccl W`f}

Xvabevq xvclpm`v} ev` xdq|cxkenj|cn enl }ek|"

|ck`ven| xken|}

Bpmd xvabevq xvclpm|acn `n|`v} l`|va|ek iccl

w`f}

L`|va|p} i``l} fem|`vae+ n`be|cl`}+ }neak}+

mvef}+ ia}d


52/54

An|`v|alek _cn`}

Ka||cvek zcn` a} }pfb`vg`l cnkq lpvang dagd`}|

|al`} ci |d` q`ev

Balka||cvek zcn` a} v`gpkevkq }pfb`vg`l enl

`txc}`l

Kcw`v ka||cvek a} `txc}`l cnkq lpvang kcw`}||al`} ci |d` q`ev


53/54

Vcmjq An|`v|alek

Gvezang iccl w`f} xv`yeak

Y`v|amek zcne|acn a} v`elakq

exxev`n|

Lay`v}a|q a} gv`e|`}| an

kcw`v ka||cvek zcn`


54/54

Pxw`kkang

Pxwevl bcy`b`n| ci we|`v ekcng e mce}|:

v`xkem`} }pviem` we|`v} |de| bcy` eweq ivcb

}dcv`

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