SHRI MAHAVIR ENG. MED. SCHOOL,SHD.

RISHABH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Name:-Sabadra Rishabh AjitStd.:- IX (9th)Roll No.:-39Sub.:-Eng. GrammarSub. Teacher:- Mr.Arun Patil Sir

Direct Speech

In the English language, there are two ways of conveying what

someone else has said:direct/quoted speech andindirect/reported speech.

Direct SpeechWhat is it?

Direct/quoted speech, involves quoting the exact words uttered by the person, within inverted commas or quotation marks.

2nd September 2012Anne said, “I will be coming home

tonight”.

statement

Indirect SpeechIndirect/reported speech, on the other hand, does not have to be within quotes or reported word-to-word. In fact, unless one is relaying the exact words spoken, one should never use quotation marks.

5th September 2012She said that she would be coming home that night.

statement

Indirect Speech of Exclamatory Sentences

Sentence which expresses state of joy or sorrow or wonder is called exclamatory sentence.For example.

Hurrah! We won the match.Alas! I failed the test.Wow! What a nice shirt it is.

To change such sentences, the words “exclaimed with joy” or “exclaimed with sorrow” or “exclaimed with wonder” is added in the reporting verb depending upon the nature of exclamatory sentence in indirect speech.

Direct speech Indirect Speech

He said, “Hurrah! I won a prize”

He exclaimed with joy that he had won a prize.

She said, “Alas! I failed in exam”

She exclaimed with sorrow that she failed in the exam.

John said, “Wow! What a nice shirt it is”

John exclaimed with wonder that it was a nice shirt

Indirect Speech of Imperative SentenceA sentence which expresses command, request, advice or suggestion is called imperative sentence. For example,     •  Open the door.     •  Please help me.     •  Learn your lesson.

To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word “ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or “forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported speech.Examples

Direct speech Indirect SpeechHe said to me, “please help me”.

He requested me to help him.

She said to him, “you should work hard for exam”.

He suggested him to work hard for exam.

They said to him, “do not tell a lie”.

They said to him not to tell a lie.

He said, “open the door”. He ordered to open the door.

The teacher said to student, “do not waste time”.

The teacher advised the students not to waste time.

Indirect Speech for Interrogative (Question) Sentence

For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect speech we have to observe the nature of question and then change it into indirect speech according to it rules for indirect speech.A question can be of two types:One type which can be answered in only YES or

NO andOther type which needs a little bit explanation for

its answer and cannot be answered in only YES or NO.

For example:

Direct speech: They said to me, “did u go to school?”Indirect Speech: They asked me if I had gone to school.

How to Use Reported SpeechWhen we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past.

Therefore, verbs usually change to the past tense in reported speech.

For example:

am / is was

are were

have/has had

can/can’t could/couldn’t

will/won’t would/wouldn’t

become

become

become

become

become

Tense Change in Indirect SpeechPresent simple tense

INTO

Past simple

Present Continuous tense

Past continuous

Present Perfect tense Past perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past perfect continuous

Past Simple Past Perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Future simple, will would Future Continuous, will be

would be

Future Perfect, will have

would have

Changes in Time and Adverbs inIndirect Speech

Changes toToday that day/the same day

Tomorrow the next day/the following day

Yesterday the day before/the previous day

Next week/month/year

the following week/month/year

Last week/month/year

the previous week/month/year

Now/just then

Ago before

Here there

This that

Thank You