direct indirect speech

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English

Grammar IUnit 11: Direct Speech &

Indirect Speech



Unit 11: Direct Speech &

Indirect Speech

Direct speech means to say exactly

what the other one said. Quotation

marks have to be used in a directspeech. Indirect speech refers to a

sentence expressing what the other

said. Quotation marks are not usedin an indirect speech.




Indirect Speech

However in an indirect speech the

tense should be changed! that is

because when an indirect speech isused it is always used to talk about

a time in the past. "ometimes an

indirect speech will use a reportingverb such as tell ask and say.




Indirect Speech

#iss $ang said %I am going

swimming&

%'he dinner will be ready in tenminutes& #y mother said.

#iss $ang said she was going

swimming.#y mother said the dinner would be

ready in ten minutes.




Indirect Speech

11-1.1 Tense change in indirect

speeches:

Direct "peech ()resent "imple

Indirect "peech ()ast "imple

#ary said % I am

cold.&

#ary said she was

cold.

*anet said %I will beeighteen.&

*anet said shewould be eighteen.




Indirect Speech

Direct "peech ()resent continuous

Indirect "peech ()ast continuous

%It is raining outside&#om said.

#om said it wasraining outside.

%I am waiting foryou& +inda said.

+inda said shewas waiting for me.




Indirect Speech

Direct "peech ()resent perfect

Indirect "peech ()ast perfect

*oe said %I have livedhere for ,- years&.

*oe said he had livedhere for ,- years.

#ark said %I havefinished it.&

#ark said he hadfinished it.




Indirect Speech


Indirect "peech ()ast "imple

#ike said& I candance.&

#ike said he coulddance.

#ark said %I must go.&#ark said he had togo.




Indirect Speech

＊ If we state something which is true

the present simple tense will be

used in the indirect speech.




Indirect Speech


Indirect "peech ()resent "imple

#ay said %I amfrom ra/il.&

#ay said she isfrom ra/il.

#ark said %'exas

is the secondlargest state in

0merica.&

#ark said 'exas

is the secondlargest state in

0merica.




Indirect Speech

11-1.2 The change of time

expression:

'he time expression should bechanged if it is included in an

indirect speech.




Indirect Speech

Table 11.1: The change of time

expression

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

now then

today that day

this morning that morning

yesterdaythe day before / the

previous day




Indirect Speech


yesterday

morning

the morning before / the

previous morning

last nightthe night before / the

previous night

last Monday the Monday before / the previous Monday

ago before




Indirect Speech


two days ago two days before

tomorrow the next day

next week the following week

here there




Indirect Speech

%$hether& and %if& should be put

before an indirect speech if we

change a direct speech 1uestionsentence into an indirect speech

sentence.




Indirect Speech

Direct "peech2 'he teacher asked me

3Have you finished your exercises43

Indirect "peech2 'he teacher asked mewhether I had finished my exercises.

Direct "peech2 #r. +ee asked him 3Do

you know how to say it in English43 Indirect "peech2 #r. +ee asked him if he

knew how to say it in English.




Indirect Speech

11.2 Indirect Qestions

Indirect 1uestions are polite longer

forms of normal 1uestions. Indirect1uestions are formed of two parts2

a polite expression and a 1uestion

which has no sub5ect(verb inversionlike a normal 1uestion.




Indirect Speech

6or example2 Do you know whereshe comes from4 'he polite

expression is 3Do you know...3 andthe 1uestion part is 3.where shecomes from %. 'he 7erb %do& and%does& is not used in indirect

1uestions and 1uestion marks arenot used either. 'he rules forforming an indirect 1uestionsentence are listed in table ,,.8.




Indirect Speech

Table 11.2: The forming of

indirect !estion sentence.

Direct Question Indirect Question

$here is the busstop4

9ould you tell mewhere the bus stop is4


$hat does yourfather do4

)lease tell me whatyour father does.




Indirect Speech


$here did you go

last night4

)lease let me know

where you went lastnight.


$hat will you buy4 I wonder what you willbuy.




Indirect Speech

$hen reporting 1uestions it is

especially important to pay

attention to sentence order. $henreporting yes( no 1uestions connect

the reported 1uestion using "if#.

"ome common polite expressionsare listed as following2




Indirect Speech

I wonder I can:t remember 9ould

you tell me $ould you mind telling

me $ould it be possible for you toIs there any chance you could I:d

like to know if I can:t remember.




Indirect Speech

Do you like *apanese food4

⇒ I am wondering if you like

*apanese food4Did you go to the concert4

⇒ )lease tell me if you went to the

concert.




Indirect Speech

direct indirect speech

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