• Siamak niazi

• DIRECTDIRECT• Am, is, areAm, is, are• Shall/willShall/will• CanCan• MayMay• MustMust• Have/has toHave/has to• Ought toOught to

• INDIRECT • Was/were• Should/would• Could• Might

• Had to

CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE

• DIRECTDIRECT• NOWNOW• TOMORROWTOMORROW• NEXT WEEKNEXT WEEK• TONIGHTTONIGHT• TODAYTODAY• YESTERDAYYESTERDAY• LAST NIGHTLAST NIGHT• LAST WEEKLAST WEEK• HEREHERE• THISTHIS• THESETHESE

• INDIRECT • THEN• THE FOLLOWING DAY• THE FOLLOWING WEEK• THAT NIGHT• THAT DAY• THE DAY BEFORE• THE NIGHT BEFORE• THE WEEK BEFORE• THERE• THAT• THOSE

CHANGES OF TENSES

• DIRECTDIRECT• SIMPLE PRESENTSIMPLE PRESENT• SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST

• PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT• PRESENT PRESENT

CONTINUOUSCONTINUOUS• PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT

CONT.CONT.• SIMPLE FUTURESIMPLE FUTURE

• INDIRECT • SIMPLE PAST• PAST PERFECT or(simple past)• PAST PERFECT• PAST CONTINUOUS

• PAST PERFECT CONT.

• PAST FUTURE

1. STATEMENT

HE SAIDHE SAID TO ME

HE TOLD METHAT REPORTED WORDS

STATEMENT EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• “ “We are going to visit We are going to visit

Brighton tomorrow.” they Brighton tomorrow.” they said to me.said to me.

• Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to school today.” school today.”

• Anne told Emma: “My Anne told Emma: “My father got angry with me father got angry with me last night.”last night.”

• INDIRECT • They said to me that

they were going to visit Brighton the following day.

• Jeffry said that he hadn’t gone to school that day.

• Anne told Emma that her father had got angry with her the night before.

STATEMENT Exception:If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there won’t

be any changes in the Reported (Indirect) speech .

• DIRECTDIRECT• Cindy says: “ I will come to Cindy says: “ I will come to

your house tonight.”your house tonight.”

• Indra says: “I have seen Indra says: “I have seen that film for twice.” that film for twice.”

• ““Dessy says: “I meet my Dessy says: “I meet my boyfriend every saturday.”boyfriend every saturday.”

• Chandra says: “I don’t like Chandra says: “I don’t like sport.”sport.”

• INDIRECT • Cindy says that she

will come to my house tonight.

• Indra says that he has seen that film for twice.

• Dessy says that she meets her boyfriend every Saturday.

• Chandra says that he doesn’t like sport.

Change these statements to indirect speech

1- “I can’t type.” I told them.

2- “We’re going into town,” they said.

3- “I haven’t got any money,” he told me.

4- “I passed my driving test in 1999,” he told his boss.

5- “My parents had gone to bed,” she said.

HE ASKED MEHE TOLD ME TO INFIVITIVE

COMMAND EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• The teacher asked The teacher asked

me: “Open your book me: “Open your book page 65!” page 65!”

• Siska asked Manu: Siska asked Manu: “Give me a piece of “Give me a piece of paper!” paper!”

• Ronny told him: “call Ronny told him: “call me tonight!”me tonight!”

• INDIRECT • The teacher asked me

to open my book page 65.

• Siska asked Manu to give her a piece of paper.

• Ronny told him to call him that night.

HE ASKED MEHE TOLD ME NOT TO INFIVITIVE

COMMAND EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• Daniel asked Emma: Daniel asked Emma:

“Don’t leave me “Don’t leave me alone anymore!” alone anymore!”

• Nahid asked Monica: Nahid asked Monica: “Don’t hurt me “Don’t hurt me anymore!” anymore!”

• Maria told them: Maria told them: “Don’t disturb me!”“Don’t disturb me!”

• INDIRECT • Daniel asked Emma not

to leave her alone anymore.

• Nahid asked Monica not to hurt her anymore.

• Maria told them not to disturb him.

Change these direct commands to indirect speech

1- “Switch off the TV,” she told me.

2- “Don’t touch the wire,” he warned me.

3- “Go to bed early tonight,” he suggested.

4- “Don’t lock the door,” he shouted.

5- “Be careful when you cross the road.” she told her daughter.

HE ASKED ME IF/WHETHER S + V + COMPLEMENT

A. Yes/No Question Example

• DIRECTDIRECT• Ricky asked Henry: Ricky asked Henry:

“Does your father work “Does your father work near here?” near here?”

• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: “Have you collected your “Have you collected your homework?” homework?”

• Dessy asked William: Dessy asked William: “Can you accompany me “Can you accompany me to Lippo tonight?”to Lippo tonight?”

• INDIRECT • Ricky asked Henry

if/whether his father worked near there.

• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia if/whether she had collected her homework.

• Dessy asked William if/whether he could accompany her to Lippo that night.

HE ASKED MEWHEN/WHAT

etc. S + V + COMPLEMENT

b. Wh- Question Example

• DIRECTDIRECT• The girl asked me: The girl asked me:

“Where Do you come “Where Do you come from?” from?”

• My father asked my My father asked my brother: “Why did you brother: “Why did you arrive at home late last arrive at home late last night?”night?”

• Handy asked the girl: Handy asked the girl: “what is your favorite “what is your favorite movie star?”movie star?”

• INDIRECT • The girl asked me

where I came from.

• My father asked my brother why he had arrived at home late the night before

• Handy asked the girl what her favorite movie star was

Change these direct questions to indirect speech

1- “Did you enjoy the film?” I asked her.

2- “Are you English?” they asked me.

3- “Where are you going?” I asked her.

4- “Can you do me a favour?” he asked me.

5- “Where do you work?” she asked me.

• DIRECTDIRECT• The students said to The students said to

the teacher: “We the teacher: “We haven’t done our haven’t done our assignment.” assignment.”

• My uncle said to my My uncle said to my sister: “I cannot come sister: “I cannot come on your birthday on your birthday party next month.”party next month.”

• Patar asked Lina : Patar asked Lina : “Do you love me?”“Do you love me?”

• My father asked me:”Have you prepared for your final exam?”

• Anita told Ver: “Don’t tell me more about your boyfriend!”

• My friend asked her: “Stay with me forever!”

• My headmaster asked me: “Where do you live?”