The Cold WarThe Cold War

The Cold WarThe Cold War

After WWII, there was a new kind of warAfter WWII, there was a new kind of war

Countries fought this war with words and Countries fought this war with words and ideas, not weaponsideas, not weapons

Even though the Soviet Union and the US Even though the Soviet Union and the US worked together in WWII, their beliefs later worked together in WWII, their beliefs later drove them apart- this was known as the drove them apart- this was known as the Cold WarCold War

Soviet Union vs. the USSoviet Union vs. the US

The US believed in capitalism which is The US believed in capitalism which is when ordinary people and businesses when ordinary people and businesses control the production of goods and control the production of goods and servicesservices

The US economy is called a market The US economy is called a market economy where individuals and economy where individuals and businesses make decisionsbusinesses make decisions

CommunismCommunism

In the Soviet Union, people lived under In the Soviet Union, people lived under communismcommunismIn communism, the government controls In communism, the government controls production and owns all the country’s production and owns all the country’s resourcesresourcesThe government tells people where to live The government tells people where to live and workand workThe government also commands what will The government also commands what will be producedbe produced

SU vs. US cont.SU vs. US cont.

The US has a democracy where people The US has a democracy where people vote for their leadersvote for their leaders

In the Soviet Union, people had no control In the Soviet Union, people had no control of who their leaders wereof who their leaders were

Under communism, citizens had few rights Under communism, citizens had few rights and little freedomand little freedom

The government arrested people who The government arrested people who spoke against communismspoke against communism

The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

After WWII, the Allies shared control of Germany After WWII, the Allies shared control of Germany (US-western/ SU-eastern)(US-western/ SU-eastern)Berlin, Germany’s capital was also divided (SU- Berlin, Germany’s capital was also divided (SU- East Berlin/ US- West Berlin)East Berlin/ US- West Berlin)SU set-up communist governmentsSU set-up communist governmentsUS set-up democraciesUS set-up democraciesIt was said that Europe was divided by an It was said that Europe was divided by an “iron “iron curtain”- curtain”- the curtain was a symbol of the the curtain was a symbol of the differences between communism and non-differences between communism and non-communismcommunism

The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty NATO: North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization

Truman decided to help other countries Truman decided to help other countries protect themselves against communismprotect themselves against communismLeaders of the United States, Canada, Leaders of the United States, Canada, Britain, and most other non-communist Britain, and most other non-communist countries of Europe formed an alliance countries of Europe formed an alliance called called NATONATOThey hoped the treaty would keep the SU They hoped the treaty would keep the SU from forcing communism on other from forcing communism on other countriescountries

The Conflict Continues…The Conflict Continues…

The SU tried to take over the entire city of The SU tried to take over the entire city of BerlinBerlinThey blocked off all roads that led to West They blocked off all roads that led to West Berlin and hoped it would make the Allies Berlin and hoped it would make the Allies leave the cityleave the cityThe Allies refused to leave!The Allies refused to leave!To get supplies into the city, they used To get supplies into the city, they used planesplanesThis was called the This was called the Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift

The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall

Many people tried to escape from East Many people tried to escape from East Berlin to go to the western part of the cityBerlin to go to the western part of the city

Communist leaders tried to stop them!Communist leaders tried to stop them!

The Soviets closed the entrances to East The Soviets closed the entrances to East Berlin and began to build the Berlin and began to build the Berlin WallBerlin Wall

This wall divided the communist part of This wall divided the communist part of Berlin from the rest of the cityBerlin from the rest of the city

The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall

Communism SpreadsCommunism Spreads

As you know, Americans were very As you know, Americans were very worried about the spread of communismworried about the spread of communism

The Soviets gave money and supplies to a The Soviets gave money and supplies to a communist army in China and they communist army in China and they succeeded in taking over the countrysucceeded in taking over the country

Now the SU and China were BOTH Now the SU and China were BOTH communistcommunist

Nuclear WarNuclear War

The Soviet Union had built their own bomb The Soviet Union had built their own bomb and the US was scaredand the US was scaredThe US worked to develop bigger and The US worked to develop bigger and better nuclear weaponsbetter nuclear weaponsWe were in an arms race!We were in an arms race!People feared a nuclear war that could People feared a nuclear war that could destroy all life on earthdestroy all life on earthPeople in the US prepared for attack by People in the US prepared for attack by building bomb sheltersbuilding bomb shelters

Bomb Shelters and DrillsBomb Shelters and Drills

The Anti-communism MovementThe Anti-communism Movement

A movement to stop the spread of A movement to stop the spread of communismcommunismSenator Senator Joseph McCarthy Joseph McCarthy was a strong was a strong anti-communistanti-communistHe made many accusations that secret He made many accusations that secret communists worked in the gov’t and were communists worked in the gov’t and were spying for the SUspying for the SUAlthough most of the claims were false, Although most of the claims were false, some were actually true!some were actually true!

Anti-communismAnti-communism

Members of Congress began to search for Members of Congress began to search for communistscommunists

Hundreds lost their jobsHundreds lost their jobs

A few were found guilty, but most were A few were found guilty, but most were wrongly accusedwrongly accused

Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev

A Russian politician who served A Russian politician who served

as the general secretary to the as the general secretary to the

Communist PartyCommunist Party

Served as the leader of SU after StalinServed as the leader of SU after Stalin

Tried to make living better for the people in Tried to make living better for the people in SUSU

Was leader during the building of the Berlin Was leader during the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis which you Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis which you will learn about next unitwill learn about next unit

The UNThe UN

The United Nations formed after WWII led by the The United Nations formed after WWII led by the USUS

More than 50 nations joined to try and keep More than 50 nations joined to try and keep peace in the worldpeace in the world

One of the UN’s first challenges was with KoreaOne of the UN’s first challenges was with Korea

Korea was divided into two parts- South Korea Korea was divided into two parts- South Korea was a republic supported by the US; North was a republic supported by the US; North Korea was communist supported by the SUKorea was communist supported by the SU

The Korean WarThe Korean War

In June 1950, North Korean troops In June 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Koreainvaded South Korea

The US thought that the SU was helping The US thought that the SU was helping themthem

The US convinced the UN to help defend The US convinced the UN to help defend South KoreaSouth Korea

UN troops succeeded in pushing them outUN troops succeeded in pushing them out

Then communist China sent troops to helpThen communist China sent troops to help

And the war drags on…And the war drags on…

Thousands of American soldiers diedThousands of American soldiers died

In 1953, both sides agreed to stop fightingIn 1953, both sides agreed to stop fighting

Korea remains divided todayKorea remains divided today

Meanwhile in Cuba…Meanwhile in Cuba…

Communists had power in Cuba after Fidel Communists had power in Cuba after Fidel Castro led a revolution aided by Nikita Castro led a revolution aided by Nikita KhrushchevKhrushchev

The US discovered that the SU was The US discovered that the SU was secretly putting sending powerful missiles secretly putting sending powerful missiles to Cubato Cuba

Why would we be worried about that?Why would we be worried about that?

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

These missiles could easily reach usThese missiles could easily reach us

They were large enough to carry a nuclear They were large enough to carry a nuclear bombbomb

JFK feared a surprise attack and ordered JFK feared a surprise attack and ordered a blockade on Cubaa blockade on Cuba

Our warships surrounded the island and Our warships surrounded the island and prevented the delivery of more missilesprevented the delivery of more missiles

Stand-offStand-off

The Soviets refused to take their missiles The Soviets refused to take their missiles out of Cubaout of Cuba

Nuclear war seemed very possibleNuclear war seemed very possible

Finally, Khrushchev decided to remove the Finally, Khrushchev decided to remove the missilesmissiles

In return, JFK promised not to attack CubaIn return, JFK promised not to attack Cuba