WWIIThe Roots of War

DO NOWBased on the reasons for America entering WWI, list ways that FDR could try to

keep us from getting involved in WWII

American Experience in WWICauses for AlarmTrading arms with

warring nationsBuildup of

militariesTerritorial

ExpansionAmerican’s

Traveling on British ships

Actions to PreventWilson’s 14 Points

Free Trade on Seas DemilitarizationSelf-Determination

Washington Naval ConferenceJapan, US, France and Italy

agree to decrease size of navies

Kellogg-Briand Pact Countries agree not to attack

one anotherNeutrality Acts

No trade with warring nationsNo riding on ships of nations

at war

Misconceptions of 20sPossible

misconceptionsUS was an

isolationist country throughout the 20sMemories of WWI

led America to withdraw from international relations

ActualTrade alliances

continuedMoney and goods

poured into and out of European and Asian countriesHawley-Smoot was

designed to stop thisInternational

agreements and pacts

Aggression and IndifferenceThe 1930s saw the rise of dictators

Germany– Hitler– Nazism

Italy—Mussolini—Fascism

Russia—Stalin—Communism

Japan—Hirohito/Tojo—Militarism

Though all were members of non-aggression agreements, all sought an expansion of military power and territory.

1931Military generals,

without consent of emperor, occupy Manchuria and in 1932 establishes new state of ManchukuoViolation of the Kellogg-

Briand Pact

1933Hitler appointed

Chancellor Withdraw from

talks of disarmament

Begins building military

1934Japan begins the buildup of its naval fleet

Made a declaration to the west that it was withdrawing from its earlier agreements to disarm

1935Hitler continues to build

up his military and denounces the Treaty of Versailles.

Mussolini invades and take Ethiopia Obviously not in line with

past non-aggression agreements

1936Japan, Italy and

Germany sign an Anti-Comintern Pact to oppose communism

Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland

Civil War in SpainFranco, a Fascist, was

supported by HitlerA proving ground

1937Japan invades remainder of China

Fighting continues in China for 3 more years Iris Chang– Rape of Nanking

1938Hitler annexes his home

country of Austria It was welcomed by many

Self-Determination

Hitler makes it clear he wants to take Sudetenland Munich agreement

Chamberlin and Hitler

Hitler asks Poland for lands from Poland and roads to be built in PolandNO

BlitzkriegNon-Aggression Pact signed between Hitler

and StalinStalin and Germany take PolandPoland, France and Britain seemed like a

strong allianceGermany had superior firepower

1939Italy invades Albania

Germany takes Czechoslovakia

Germany invades Poland

1940Germany invades

Denmark and Norway

Germany invades France

Germany begins “Blitz” (attack on Britain)

Japan take Indochina

Italy invades Greece

Panzer Divisions

Germany’s Panzer division– Armored divisions of tanks and artillery was especially powerful

German tactic was to use the stukas (dive bombing warplanes) to break up defenses.

They would then quickly breakthrough the lines, encircle the enemy and capture them.

The infantry would follow and occupy the country

German troops defeated Poland in less than 1 month

Briefly1.Luftwaffe 2.Panzers3.Troops4.Occupation

France’s Maginot LineAfter Germany took

Poland, they waited out the winter.

The French held their defenses on their border with Germany. They had established housing with A/C, underground railroads, heavy artillery and readied troops.

April 9, 1940Germany invades Denmark and Norway then

launches a blitzkrieg on the nations of Belgium (3 weeks), Netherlands(5 days), and Luxembourg(1 day)

In mid-may the Germany invaded France through Belgium, shirking the Maginot line and dividing the Northern and Southern French troops.

In Dunkirk, British and some French troops get aboard ships and escape to Britain.

By June 22nd France had surrendered

Objectives: Examine the events leading America to enter the war

Do Now: What was the significance of Dunkirk?

Operation Dynamo: DunkirkIn accordance with military principle where priority is

given to men over arms, the Allies left behind 2,000 guns, 60,000 trucks, 76,000 tons of ammunition and 600,000 tons of fuel supplies.

10,252 German soldiers lost 42,000 wounded 8,467 missing 1,212,000 Dutch, Belgian, French and British prisoners taken 30,000 British died 338,000 men saved in the evacuation The Germans gained: 1,200 field guns 1,250 anti-aircraft guns 11,000 machine guns 25,000 vehicles

France DividedSouthern France called

Vichy, collaborated with Germany and retained control in the south under Henri-Philippe Petain.

Free France, the name of the Government that remained in Britain, under leadership of Charles de Gaulle, continued resistance attempts against the German occupation.

Resisters would use many methods to disrupt German rule of Northern France

Battle of Britain

German Luftwaffe launched an air assault against Britain.

Constant bombing of England

RAF– EngageGerman Code

decipheredBritish air force

bombs Berlin

America RespondsFDR implements

the Lend-Lease Act FDR granted

power to sell, exchange and/or lend goods which would be necessary for the security of the United States

FDR justifies this through his “Four Freedoms Speech.”

Germany Changes CourseGermany’s attempts to conquer Britain fell

short.RAF’s success against Luftwaffe British tenacity

Hitler shifts his army to the East and invades RussiaJune 22nd 1941– invades Soviet Union

(violation of non-aggression pact)Against advise, Hitler stalls to occupy the

Ukraine and heads for Leningrad. By the time he headed for Moscow, winter

set in (-40! An you thought NJ had it rough this winter)

Turning PointAt the same time Russians held

off the Germans in Moscow, the Japanese were gearing up for their own offensive.

Japan invaded Indochina to gain access to necessary suppliesUnited States placed an

embargo on supplies to the Japanese.

United States froze Japanese Assets

Japan began negotiations with the United States while simultaneously planning their attack on Pearl Harbor

Dec 7, 1941: “A Date that will Live in Infamy”

7:02 AM– Radar team spots blip Told to not worry about it–

Just American B-177:55– 1st attack by

Japanese torpedo planes and dive bombers

Among the destruction wrought by the 353 Japanese aircrafts were 4 battleships, 3 destroyers, 3 cruisers a minelayer killed 2402 Americans (1000 aboard the Arizona)

BUT3 Carriers out of

portShip repair

facilities still operational

Power plant still operational

Oil Tanks left intact

MOVIE CLIP

America Declares WarDecember 8th, 1941– Congress declares war Germany declares war on the United States

on December 11th.