The Civil WarThe Civil War

The Civil WarThe Civil War November 1860 November 1860

• Lincoln elected presidentLincoln elected president December 1860December 1860

• South Carolina secedesSouth Carolina secedes February 1861February 1861

• Confederacy formedConfederacy formed• South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,

Louisiana, TexasLouisiana, Texas• Capitol: Montgomery, AlabamaCapitol: Montgomery, Alabama• President Jefferson DavisPresident Jefferson Davis

Fort Sumter, April 1861Fort Sumter, April 1861• First shots of the warFirst shots of the war

Confederates fired after supplies were sent to the fortConfederates fired after supplies were sent to the fort• Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers afterwardLincoln called for 75,000 volunteers afterward

The Civil WarThe Civil War Other states secedeOther states secede

• Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, ArkansasTennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas• Capitol moved to Richmond, VirginiaCapitol moved to Richmond, Virginia

Northern reaction to secessionNorthern reaction to secession• Most opposed forced return of statesMost opposed forced return of states• Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise

Abolition of slaves north of the Missouri Compromise Abolition of slaves north of the Missouri Compromise lineline

Allow slavery south of the lineAllow slavery south of the line Compensate slave owners for runawaysCompensate slave owners for runaways

Border StatesBorder States• Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, MissouriDelaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

The Civil WarThe Civil War NicknamesNicknames

• NorthNorth United States, Union, Yankees, Billy Yank, BluebelliesUnited States, Union, Yankees, Billy Yank, Bluebellies

• SouthSouth Confederate States, Rebels, Johnny Reb, SeceshConfederate States, Rebels, Johnny Reb, Secesh

North’s advantagesNorth’s advantages• Population: 20 million, 2.5:1; free males 4.4:1Population: 20 million, 2.5:1; free males 4.4:1• Wealth produced 3:1 (factory production: 10:1)Wealth produced 3:1 (factory production: 10:1)• Transportation (railroad mileage: 7:1)Transportation (railroad mileage: 7:1)

South’s advantagesSouth’s advantages• Defensive warDefensive war• Own soilOwn soil• United populationUnited population• Experienced officers (Mexican War)Experienced officers (Mexican War)• CottonCotton

The Civil WarThe Civil War Northern strategyNorthern strategy

• Capture RichmondCapture Richmond• Occupy border statesOccupy border states• Control Mississippi RiverControl Mississippi River• Blockade southern portsBlockade southern ports

Southern strategySouthern strategy• Capture Washington, D.C.Capture Washington, D.C.• Control border statesControl border states• Gain support of EnglandGain support of England

General Winfield Scott's General Winfield Scott's Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

Headquarters of the ArmyHeadquarters of the ArmyWashington, May 3, 1861Washington, May 3, 1861Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan,Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan,Commanding Ohio Volunteers, Cincinnati, OHCommanding Ohio Volunteers, Cincinnati, OH

We rely greatly on the sure operation of a complete blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf ports soon We rely greatly on the sure operation of a complete blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf ports soon to commence. In connection with such blockade we propose a powerful movement down the to commence. In connection with such blockade we propose a powerful movement down the Mississippi to the ocean, with a cordon of posts at proper points, and the capture of Forts Jackson Mississippi to the ocean, with a cordon of posts at proper points, and the capture of Forts Jackson and Saint Philip; the object being to clear out and keep open this great line of communication in and Saint Philip; the object being to clear out and keep open this great line of communication in connection with the strict blockade of the sea-board, so as to envelop the insurgent States and connection with the strict blockade of the sea-board, so as to envelop the insurgent States and bring them to terms with less bloodshed than by any other plan. I suppose there will be needed bring them to terms with less bloodshed than by any other plan. I suppose there will be needed from twelve to twenty steam gun-boats, and a sufficient number of steam transports (say forty) to from twelve to twenty steam gun-boats, and a sufficient number of steam transports (say forty) to carry all the personnel (say 60,000 men) and material of the expedition; most of the gun-boats to carry all the personnel (say 60,000 men) and material of the expedition; most of the gun-boats to be in advance to open the way, and the remainder to follow and protect the rear of the be in advance to open the way, and the remainder to follow and protect the rear of the expedition, &c. This army, in which it is not improbable you may be invited to take an important expedition, &c. This army, in which it is not improbable you may be invited to take an important part, should be composed of our best regulars for the advance and of three-years’ volunteers, all part, should be composed of our best regulars for the advance and of three-years’ volunteers, all well officered, and with four months and a half of instruction in camps prior to (say) November well officered, and with four months and a half of instruction in camps prior to (say) November 10. In the progress down the river all the enemy’s batteries on its banks we of course would turn 10. In the progress down the river all the enemy’s batteries on its banks we of course would turn and capture, leaving a sufficient number of posts with complete garrisons to keep the river open and capture, leaving a sufficient number of posts with complete garrisons to keep the river open behind the expedition. Finally, it will be necessary that New Orleans should be strongly occupied behind the expedition. Finally, it will be necessary that New Orleans should be strongly occupied and securely held until the present difficulties are composed.and securely held until the present difficulties are composed.

With great respect, yours, trulyWith great respect, yours, trulyWinfield Scott.Winfield Scott.

A Cincinnati publisher ridiculed Scott’s Anaconda Plan as too slow and ponderous, A Cincinnati publisher ridiculed Scott’s Anaconda Plan as too slow and ponderous,

exaggerating it in a fanciful map, aboveexaggerating it in a fanciful map, above..

Civil War BattlesCivil War Battles South named battles after town or settlementSouth named battles after town or settlement North named battles after nearest waterNorth named battles after nearest water First Bull Run (US) or First Manassas (CS), VirginiaFirst Bull Run (US) or First Manassas (CS), Virginia

First battle of the Civil War, July 1861First battle of the Civil War, July 1861 ““On to Richmond”On to Richmond” CS victory as US flees back to Washington, DCCS victory as US flees back to Washington, DC

Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862 Confederates defeated & forced out of KentuckyConfederates defeated & forced out of Kentucky CS General Felix Zollicoffer killedCS General Felix Zollicoffer killed

Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson, Kentucky, February 1862Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson, Kentucky, February 1862 US Gen. U.S. Grant captured both fortsUS Gen. U.S. Grant captured both forts ““Unconditional Surrender” GrantUnconditional Surrender” Grant

Civil War BattlesCivil War Battles Monitor vs. Merrimac, March 1862Monitor vs. Merrimac, March 1862

Clash of the IroncladsClash of the Ironclads Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862

US victoryUS victory US casualties 13,000, CS casualties 11,000US casualties 13,000, CS casualties 11,000

Second Manassas or Second Bull Run, VA, August Second Manassas or Second Bull Run, VA, August 18621862 CS victoryCS victory

Antietam, Maryland, September 1862Antietam, Maryland, September 1862 Lee’s first advance into northern territoryLee’s first advance into northern territory Single bloodiest day in American military historySingle bloodiest day in American military history US claims victory US claims victory Lincoln issues Emancipation ProclamationLincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation

Effective January 1, 1863Effective January 1, 1863 Frees all slaves in rebelling states onlyFrees all slaves in rebelling states only Border states not affectedBorder states not affected Makes slavery a war issue to keep foreign powers from Makes slavery a war issue to keep foreign powers from

joining Southjoining South

Civil War BattlesCivil War Battles Perryville, KY, October 8, 1862Perryville, KY, October 8, 1862

CS offensive into KentuckyCS offensive into Kentucky US victoryUS victory

Chancellorsville, VA, April 1863Chancellorsville, VA, April 1863 Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson mortally wounded by his own Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson mortally wounded by his own

menmen CS victoryCS victory

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863 Lee’s second invasion of the NorthLee’s second invasion of the North Largest battle of the Civil WarLargest battle of the Civil War

Casualties: 23,000 Union, 28,000 ConfederateCasualties: 23,000 Union, 28,000 Confederate Turning point of the warTurning point of the war US victoryUS victory

Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 4, 1863Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 4, 1863 US victory, Union gains control of the Mississippi RiverUS victory, Union gains control of the Mississippi River

Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to GrantLee surrenders to Grant Grant very generous in surrender termsGrant very generous in surrender terms

Civil War PeopleCivil War People UnionUnion

• Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln President of the USPresident of the US

• Gen. Ulysses S. GrantGen. Ulysses S. Grant Nicknamed “Unconditional Surrender”Nicknamed “Unconditional Surrender” Promoted to overall commander of Union army by Promoted to overall commander of Union army by

war’s endwar’s end• Clara BartonClara Barton

Nurse for US troops Nurse for US troops Founded American Red Cross after warFounded American Red Cross after war

• Gen. William Tecumseh ShermanGen. William Tecumseh Sherman Led the infamous march to the seaLed the infamous march to the sea

• Gen. George Armstrong CusterGen. George Armstrong Custer boy generalboy general

Civil War PeopleCivil War People ConfederateConfederate

• Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis President of the ConfederacyPresident of the Confederacy

• Gen. Robert E. LeeGen. Robert E. Lee Commanded the Army of Northern VirginiaCommanded the Army of Northern Virginia

• Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonGen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Lee’s greatest generalLee’s greatest general

• Gen. James Ewell Brown “JEB” StuartGen. James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart Cavalry generalCavalry general

Civil War WeaponryCivil War Weaponry RiflesRifles

.58 caliber .58 caliber Muzzle loaderMuzzle loader 3 times per minute3 times per minute

Artillery (cannons) Artillery (cannons) ShellsShells

GrapeshotGrapeshot Canister Canister Cannon ballCannon ball

First Modern WarFirst Modern War• Rifled muskets• Telegraph• Ironclad ships• Submarines• Total warfare• Workable machine gun• Aerial reconnaissance • Field trenches• Photography of battle• Repeating rifles• Bugle call “Taps”• Income tax

1861 Springfield1861 Springfield

Gatling GunGatling Gun

EnfieldEnfield

Civil War Names The War Between the States The War for Southern Independence Mr. Lincoln’s War The Southern Rebellion The War of the Rebellion The Second War for Independence The War to Suppress Yankee Arrogance The War Against Northern Aggression The War of the Southern Planters The War for the Union The War for Southern Freedom The Lost Cause