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Secession and the Start of the War

• After the election of Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina passed a secession ordinance on December 20, 1860.

Abraham Lincoln

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A Nation Divided Mississippi,Florida, Alabama,Georgia,

Louisiana,and Texas soon followed ( 7 states total )and formed the Confederate States of America

( CSA).

Jefferson Davis was elected as the President of the CSA. Jefferson Davis

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North vs. South: Advantages and Disadvantages

• North- Advantages:• Had industries and resources to wage war• Had larger population – 21.5 million• Had established government• Had an army and navy• Had support of runaway slaves

• North- Disadvantages:• Had to invade and defeat the South• Had inadequate Generals

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• South- Advantages• Fighting on home soil to protect home, family and way of life• Had excellent Generals• More familiar with guns and horses.• To win, they needed to keep the North out and fight a defensive war

• South – Disadvantages• Less population - 9 million ( almost 3 million were slaves)• Almost no industrialization• Almost no resources• Had to create a central government• Had to create a navy and army

Multiple Causes of the Civil WarSectional tensions and political failures

• 1. 3/5 Compromise ( 1787) - led to increased sectionalism• 2. Cotton Gin – 1793- Led to greater demand for slaves in the

deep South.• 3. Louisiana Purchase 1803 – As America pushed westward,

the issue of more slavery became more controversial.• 4. Missouri Compromise 1820- Sectional differences are

temporarily settled between representation of slave and free states.

• 5. Nullification Crisis- 1832 First act of defiance from a Southern state threatening secession.

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• 6. Compromise of 1850- Issue of slavery in the territories intensified.• 7. Fugitive Slave Law- Extremely controversial and angered Northerners• 8. 1852- Uncle Tom’s Cabin - a novel written by Harriett Beecher Stowe which

examined the cruelty of slavery as a moral issue and intensified the animosity between the North and South.

• 9. Kansas –Nebraska Act of 1854- Pro and anti slavery supporters flood into Kansas and vote and then fight for their position on slavery.

• Bleeding Kansas- Demonstrated that people were willing to die for their beliefs which left little room for compromise.

• 10. Dred Scott Decision- The Supreme Court decision stated that slavery was legal in all territories and the Missouri Compromise was therefore unconstitutional. No room for compromises remained.

• 11. John Brown’s Raid on the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry- 1859- The attempt by Brown to arm slaves and lead to a massive slave uprising convinced many Southerners that war now inevitable.

• 12. Election of Abraham Lincoln- Southerners felt that the US no longer represented the interest of the South and South Carolina seceded followed by Alabama, Florida, Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

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Overall Causes

• Sectional disagreements over tariffs, states’ rights, and the extension of slavery in the territories.

• Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slavery• Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850’s• Failed compromises• President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

• The first 7 Southern States form the Confederate States of America and demand the removal of all Federal troops.

• After the Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter in Charleston, SC; Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA.

• The Civil War Begins.7

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A Nation Divided

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1861= 11 Confederate States 19 Union States 4 Border States West Virginia joins Union in 1863 = 20 Union States

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Confederate Flag

• “Stars and Bars” “ Southern Cross”

Official Flag Battle Flag

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Civil War Begins

• April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m. Confederates fire upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.

• The Civil War begins.

• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas join the CSA

• Total 11 Confederate States

• CSA Capitol- Richmond, Va.

Fort Sumter

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• July 21, 1861- First Battle of Bull Run

• (Manassas) • Confederate victory• Thomas J. Jackson

earns his nickname, “Stonewall” , as his brigade resists Union attacks

• The nation realizes this will be a long war.

• Stonewall Jackson

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Western Theatre 1862• Union Gen. Ulysses

S. Grant captures Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson in Tennessee

• Heavy losses at Battle of Shiloh – Union victory

• Memphis and New Orleans-Union victories

Ulysses S. Grant

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Eastern Theatre 1862

• March 8,9• Battle of first two

“Ironclads” the Monitor and Merrimac

off Hampton Roads, Virginia

CSA Virginia (ex Merrimac)

Monitor

“Tin can on a shingle”

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• Peninsula Campaign - 1862

• Union Gen. McClellan advances toward Richmond.

• McClellan is defeated by Robert E. Lee at Seven Pines and 7 Days Battle.

• Confederate victories. Gen. McClellan

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• General Robert E. Lee is named Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Gen. Robert E. Lee

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• August 29,30 1862- • 2nd Battle of Bull Run• (Manassas)

• Confederate Forces defeat Union forces, under the command or a new Union commander, General Pope.

Bull Run Creek

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• September 17, 1862 • General Lee invades

into Maryland ( to take the war out of Virginia and force a surrender) and retreats after the bloody battle of Antietam

• Bloodiest day of the war.

• Confederate dead at Miller’s cornfield

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• December 13, 1862• Union forces under

Gen. Burnside suffer a crushing defeat at Fredericksburg, Va., after 14 assaults on Marye’s Heights.

• Fredericksburg, Va.

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1863

• Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation- freeing slaves held in Confederate territories

• The war now is to preserve the Union and to end slavery

• Leads to the 13th Amendment- which abolished slavery.

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• May 1-4, 1863 Union forces under Gen. Hooker are defeated at Chancellorsville, Va.

• General Lee divided his Confederate Army, twice, and still defeated Hooker.

• At Chancellorsville, Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is accidentally

shot and killed by his own men.

Stonewall Jackson

Jackson has his left arm amputated. Lee states he has lost his right arm.

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• July- 1863 Union General Grant begins siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi

• Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

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Gettysburg -Turning Point

• July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.

• Gen. Lee invades into Pennsylvania, hoping to force an end to the war.

• Pickett’s Charge- on July 3 - represented a gallant Confederate charge which ended in disaster.

• General Lee is defeated by General Meade.

• This battle Represents the beginning of the end for the Confederacy

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Gettysburg Photos

• July 3, 1863 Day 3

Union position- The Fish Hook

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The Ditch

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Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863 Lincoln delivers the

Gettysburg Address

This address honors the fallen and restates the desire for a united nation under new freedoms.

Lincoln also believed the Civil War was a Second American Revolution.

Page 1

Score = 20 years 4 score and 7 = 87 years.

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Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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• July 4, 1863- Vicksburg falls to Union forces- led by Gen. Grant.

• Union now controls the Mississippi River and the Confederacy is split.

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1864

• General Grant given command of Northern forces and invades Virginia with over 120,000 troops

• May- battle of the Wilderness-Confederate victory

• May, 1864- Lee and Grant fight to a draw at Spotsylvania Court House

• June, 1864- at Cold Harbor, Union forces suffer heavy losses, but Grant continues to pursue Lee.

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• June- 1864

• Grant lays siege to Petersburg, Va.

• Union troops dig a tunnel under Confederate lines and set off kegs of gunpowder to get behind Confederate lines.

• The hole was called the “ Crater.” This plan failed.

• Siege cannon-called the Dictator

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• September 2, 1864• Union forces under Gen. W. T.

Sherman capture Atlanta, Ga.

Atlanta, Ga.

William Tecumseh Sherman

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• Nov. - Dec. 1864- • “Sherman’s March to

the Sea”

• Sherman’s march from Atlanta to Savannah- a destructive path 60 miles wide.

• Estimated worth of destruction- 80 million- to destroy the South’s will to fight

Sherman then moves north and burns Columbia, SC.

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1865

• April 2, 1865

• Confederates evacuate Petersburg and Richmond and head West.

Richmond, Va.

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Civil War Ends

• April 9, 1865- General Robert E. Lee surrenders Confederate Army to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House

• Union is saved.

McLean House- site of surrender

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Assassination of Lincoln

• April 14, 1865• Lincoln is assassinated at

Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth

Petersen House – where Lincoln died

Lincoln’s Funeral

John Wilkes Booth

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• Four conspirators• Hanging.

Sic Semper Tyrannis - Thus always to tyrants

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Toll of the War

• 620,000 dead• 50,000 amputees• Southern cities lay in ruins• Southern railroads destroyed

• Civil Wa Recon. pp Review.pptx

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Create a three color Key: Color Union, Confederate and Border States

You may add WV in 1863

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