The Civil War The Civil War

New PresidentNew PresidentAbraham Lincoln is

elected 16th President of the United States in 1860. During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end.

Election PromisesElection PromisesTo help get Lincoln

elected, the Republicans promised free land in the West as part of their campaign in 1860. Two acts helped them do this – the Homestead Act and the Morrill Land Grant Act

Homestead ActHomestead Act

Passed in 1862Law that gave

settlers 160 acres of public land in the west if they would live on it for 5 years.

Do you think you could do that? Let’s see.

Morrill Land Grant Morrill Land Grant ActAct

Passed in 1862Law that gave public

land to states to set up public colleges with programs in agriculture, industry (A&M) and military tactics.

Auburn University began as one of these colleges. Let’s see what other schools benefited.

Remain UnitedRemain United

Lincoln hoped to prevent a war. “We are not enemies, but friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after taking the oath of office. “We must not be enemies.” But time was running out.

South Carolina secedesSouth Carolina secedesShortly after the election of Lincoln, South

Carolina declared “the United States of America is hereby dissolved” and seceded (separated) from the Union. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas soon followed.

Meeting in MontgomeryMeeting in Montgomery

In 1861, the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, AL to discuss what to do next.

A New Country A New Country FormedFormed

Together these seven states formed a new country. They called the new country the Confederate States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as President and named Montgomery AL as the first capital.

Fort SumterFort SumterPresident Lincoln

received word that supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, located on an island off the coast of South Carolina. If supplies did not come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

A Difficult DecisionA Difficult DecisionLincoln had to

make an important decision. He decided not to abandon the fort and not to reinforce it, he only sent supplies to the fort. Then he waited to see what would happen.

Jefferson’s Jefferson’s ResponseResponse

Now Jefferson Davis had to make a decision. He decided to attack the fort before the supply ships arrived. On April 12, 1861, Confederates fired on Fort Sumter.

The Battle of Fort Sumter The Battle of Fort Sumter

The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the American Civil War and signaled the start of the war. Read the following story about the battle and answer the questions. Imagine you are a teenager in South Carolina at the time. How would you feel about the war? What would you want to see happen?

The OutcomeThe Outcome

These were the first shots - the Civil War had begun.

North vs North vs SouthSouth

How much do you know about the civil war? Let’s take a pre-test to see!! Answer these questions on your paper. We’ll review it together!

Union Flag

Confederate Flag

Union Soldier

Confederate Soldier

Confederate States

A Nation DividedA Nation Divided

After Fort Sumter the states of Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia seceded from the Union.

RichmondRichmondAfter Virginia

joined the Confederacy, the capital of the Confederate States of America was moved from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA

Opposition to SecessionOpposition to Secession

Not all states and not all parts of the states agreed with secession.

Winston Winston CountyCounty

Alabama seceded from the Union, but Winston County wanted to remain neutral and seceded from Alabama.

The Free State of WinstonThis county’s representatives in 1862

opposed secession voted to remain neutral and were labeled as “torries”.

When Alabama seceded from the Union in the 1860s to create the Confederate States of America, before the Civil War, Winston County seceded from Alabama, making plain that it opposed the rest of Alabama's position in the war. To celebrate its strength during the war, it is now called The Free State of Winston.

_____1. Based on the reading, why were the people of Winston County called “Torries”?

a. Because they did not secede

b. Because they supported England

c. Because they supported the Indians

_____2. Why is Winston County called the “Free State of Winston”?

a. Because it is not part of Alabama now

b. To celebrate its strength during the Civil War

c. Because it supported slavery

_____3. Winston County supported slavery.

a. True

b. False

_____4. Winston County agreed with rest of Alabama during the Civil War.

a. True

b. False

_____5. Which list most closely describes Winston County.

a. Free state, torries, strong

b. Slave state, torries, weak

c. Free state, Alabama, weak

West VirginiaWest VirginiaVirginia seceded

from the Union, but the entire western half of the state did not agree. The state of West Virginia was formed and admitted to the Union in 1863.

The Border States were Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and Delaware. They were located on the border between the Union states and the Confederate states. They had soldiers fighting for both sides!

Border StatesBorder States

The Anaconda PlanThe Anaconda PlanGeneral Winfield Scott developed a plan for defeating the Confederacy called the Anaconda Plan - the goal was to slowly squeeze them into surrender.Capture Richmond and force surrender Remove Confederates from border states Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:

– Soldiers– Weapons– Ammunition– Clothes– Food– other supplies needed

Blockade southern ports to stop– cotton shipments– supplies from foreign nations

The Anaconda PlanThe Anaconda Plan1. Who developed the Anaconda Plan?

_____________________________________________

_____2. What did he want to do Confederates in the border states?

a. Leave them there

b. Remove them

c. Put them in jail

_____3. What city did they want to capture?

a. Montgomery

b. Saratoga

c. Richmond

_____4. What does not relate to the blockade part of the plan?

a. Cotton shipments

b. Supplies from local merchants

c. Supplies from foreign nations

_____5. Who developed the Anaconda Plan?

a. The North

b. The South

_____6. Why was it called the Anaconda Plan?

a. The goal was to slowly squeeze the life out of the south – like an anaconda squeezes its prey

b. Because they were going to put snakes all around the edge of the states to protect them

c. Because they thought of the South like snakes and they wanted to trap them all

_____7. What river did they want to control?

a. The Black Warrior River

b. The Mississippi River

c. The Blockade River

_____8. What is NOT part of the Anaconda Plan?

a. Capture Richmond

b. Remove Yankees

c. Blockade Southern Ports

_____9. Which best describes the Anaconda Plan?

a. Winfield Scott, southern plan, support Richmond

b. Winfield Scott, northern plan, capture Richmond

c. Winfield Scott, northern plan, support Richmond

_____10. The Mississippi River was important for transporting supplies in the South.

A. True B. False

Bull RunBull RunBattle of ManassasBattle of Manassas

July 21,1861First major land

battle of the Civil War at Bull Run Creek, VA

General Stonewall Jackson led the Confederacy to win the battle.

The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460.

Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif

The Battle of the IroncladsThe Battle of the IroncladsThe Monitor vs The MerrimackThe Monitor vs The Merrimack

March 9, 1862The battle took place

in Hampton Roads, VA.

The South had built a ship with iron plates called the Merrimack.

The North challenged the Confederate ship with an iron ship called the Monitor.

Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

The IroncladsThe Ironclads

The two iron ships fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times. Neither side won but the use of iron ships changed naval warfare forever.

Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

ShilohShilohApril 6, 1862 General Ulysses S.

Grant gathered the Union troops at a Tennessee church named Shiloh.

Although he was not prepared when the South attacked he managed to reorganize his troops and on April 7, 1862 the south retreated.

Antietam Antietam (Sharpsburg, Maryland)(Sharpsburg, Maryland)

September 17, 1862 The battle took place near Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg,

MD The first major battle to take place in the North. The battle is known as the single bloodiest day in the Civil

War. Robert E. Lee led the Confederate army. George McClellan led the Union army. More than 26,000 men were killed. The South retreated the next day.

Dissent (Disagree)Dissent (Disagree)

Not everyone agreed with the war.Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in

several states. This meant you could be put in jail without going

to court to be told why.People who supported the south or who did not

support the war could be put in jail.More than 13,000 people were arrested including

some Copperheads – Northern Democrats who wanted peace with the South.

More TroopsMore TroopsAs the war continued,

less people volunteered to fight.

Both sides began conscription – mandatory military service.

The draft forced people to serve in the military.

Draft RiotsDraft Riots Not everyone who was drafted actually fought.

You could pay $300 not to serve

You could hire someone to serve in your place

Poor whites and immigrants who could not afford to pay their way out of the draft started riots to protest the draft.

The North had lost several battles and Abraham Lincoln was worried people would stop supporting the war.

He issued the Emancipation Proclamation effective January 1, 1863

It freed the slaves only in states that had seceded from the Union.

It did not free slaves in border states.It gave the war a moral cause and helped make

sure people would still support the war.

African American SoldiersAfrican American SoldiersAfter the Emancipation Proclamation, many

African Americans joined the Union army.They made up about 10% of the Union

army.Most were former slaves.They were soldiers, but still faced

discrimination (separate regiments with white commanders, earned less pay and often did labor duty).

Usually if captured, African American soldiers were shot or returned to slavery.

What do you remember?What do you remember?

Before we began this section, we had a pre-test. How much do you remember? Let’s see!! Answer the following questions on your paper.

The War and The EconomyThe War and The Economy

Southern Shortages The south faced a shortage

of food The men were fighting,

soldiers were on the farm land and slaves were not there to work

Families had little money to pay for food when they could find it.

Northern Growth The north had a growth in

industry to supply things to the army

The draft took many workers so people bought machines to help them work

Women, immigrants and freed slaves worked in place of the men who were fighting the war.

The War and PrisonsThe War and Prisons

Conditions in army camps were bad – trash, food scraps, dirty clothes, no baths

Conditions in prisons were worse – men were crowded in fields with no shelter and little food. They drank from the same water that they used as a bathroom.

The worst Confederate camp was Andersonville, Georgia.

Women and The WarWomen and The War

Clara Barton was a Northern woman who cared for Union soldiers as a nurse on the front lines.

She was described as “the angel of the battlefield”

Sally Tompkins was the only woman given the title Captain of the Confederate army

She ran one of the South’s most successful hospitals

The Battle of Gettysburg, PAThe Battle of Gettysburg, PAThe battle of Gettysburg,

PA took place on July1-3, 1863.

The Southern soldiers came there looking for shoes.

The Northern soldiers had arrived a day earlier.

When they met it became the turning point in the war.

Picture Credit: www.pennhomes.com/loc.htm

GettysburgGettysburg

After 3 days of fighting, more men had died during this battle than any other.

The South retreated on the 3rd day of battle.

VicksburgVicksburgMay-July 1863 in Vicksburg, MS Grant led the Union army as they defeated

the Confederate army.This gave the Union control of the

Mississippi River.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

November 1863Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg to dedicate

part of the battlefield as a cemetery for soldiers who died there.

He spoke for 3 minutes.He wanted to honor the dead for giving their lives

for the Union and he wanted to remind the living that the war must go on to honor those who had died.

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address “Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can consecrate – we can not hallow – this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which the gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863

Gettysburg Address Q&AGettysburg Address Q&A_____1. What is the Civil War testing?

a. The ability of the soldiers to fight

b. If a nation conceived in liberty can endure

c. President Lincoln’s ability to rule against President Davis

_____2. Why can’t the ground be dedicated?

a. The men who died there have consecrated it

b. It does not belong to them

c. It still has dead soldiers on it

____3. Why is it ironic that he says “the world will not remember what is said here”?

a. Because people forget things easily

b. Because people remember every Presidential speech

c. Because people still talk about this speech

_____4. Who gave this speech?

a. The governor of South Carolina

b. President Jefferson Davis

c. President Abraham Lincoln

_____5. What is it that he wants people to remember?

a. That they died for freedom

b. That so many of them died

c. That they died for no reason

_____6. What does not describe the government and freedom he wants for America?

a. By the people

b. For the people

c. Against the people

_____7. What battlefield are they dedicating?

a. Gettysburg

b. Franklin

c. Lincoln

_____8. How many years is “fourscore and seven?

a. 407

b. 47

c. 11

_____9. What does the word consecrate mean?

a. Set aside in memory of

b. Burn to forget

c. Leave behind to forget

_____10. What can Americans never forget?

a. What the men did at this field

b. How many men died at this field

c. What was said at this field

Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea

William Tecumseh Sherman was a U Union commander.

He believed in total war – fighting the soldiers, the government and the civilians.

Sherman led his troops south through Georgia.He burned, trampled, killed, stole and destroyed

everything in his path from Atlanta to Savannah ending at the Atlantic Ocean.

Then he went through the Carolinas as the war came to an end.

Election of 1864Election of 1864

In 1864, Lincoln faced George McClellan (former leader of the Union army)

With the defeat of the Confederate army in Alabama and Atlanta, Lincoln was able to win the election and his second term as President.

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court HouseApril 9, 1865 Robert

E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

After 4 long years, the Civil War was over but much had changed.

Picture Credit:http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg

Civil War TimelineCivil War Timeline

On your time line cover 1861-1865

For EACH year include One important fact One important person One picture

Make sure you have a title for your timeline and don’t forget to add your name!!

Some resources to use:Your book and notes

http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=1304

http://www.ducksters.com/history/civilwartimeline.php

Death of LincolnDeath of Lincoln

5 days after the surrender at Appomattox, Lincoln and his wife went to Ford’s Theatre in Washington to see a play.

As the play ended, John Wilkes Booth – a 26 year old actor and southern supporter – shot Lincoln in the back of his head. Lincoln died the next morning. It was the first time a US president had been assassinated.

Booth is Booth is CapturedCaptured

Booth escaped but was trapped by Union officers 12 days later in a tobacco shed.

After attempts at arrest, Booth refused to surrender.

He was finally shot and dragged outside.

Lincoln’s FuneralLincoln’s Funeral

Lincoln was buried in his hometown of Springfield, Illinois

It took 14 days to travel there from Washington.

7 million Americans came out to mourn the President.

Transition for Transition for AmericaAmerica

The Civil War ended but with Lincoln dead, the country faced a new set of challenges – How to restore the Southern states to the Union– How to integrate 4 million newly freed slaves

to national life

All this under the leadership of now President Andrew Johnson.

Cost of War WorksheetCost of War WorksheetName:_________________________________________Date:_____________

Using the chart, Troops Furnished and Losses, answer the following questions:

1. Which state had the most deaths during the Civil War? _____________________

2. How many people from Iowa died in accidents during the war? ______________

3. How many residents of California died of disease or accident? _______________

4. How many people in Pennsylvania died of causes not related to battle? ________

5. How many more people died in Missouri than in Connecticut? _______________

6. What percentage of the deaths in Dakota were battle-related? ________________

7. How many residents of Tennessee did not die of disease? ___________________

8. About what percentage of generals or their staff who died during the Civil War were killed or mortally wounded? _______

9. Which state had the most prisoner of war deaths? __________________________

10. How many U.S. citizens died during the Civil War? ________________________

© 2009 by Education World®. Permission is granted to teachers to reproduce this skill page for classroom use.

Civil War Research ProjectCivil War Research ProjectResearch two Generals from the Civil War –

One Union and one Confederate General

List – their names, where they were from, one battle they fought, did they win or lose the battle, 3 facts about each one, a picture of each person, a date of birth and date of death, what did they do after the war?

Research one famous battle from the Civil War

- Where was it fought, who won the battle the Union or the Confederacy, who were the generals for each side, list 2 facts about the battle, include a picture related to the battle

Research one famous female during the Civil War- What is her name, where is she from, did she support the Union or Confederacy,

why is she important, what did she do after the war, include her picture

Some research sites to visit for information:- http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/- http://grapevine.com.au/~kwebb/Generals.html