the americas before thethe americas before the … americas before thethe americas before the maya...
TRANSCRIPT
The Americas before theThe Americas before the Maya and the Mochey
These programmes onThe World of Ancient Art have been designed for students andthe public.the public.
They use material on the web to show the wealth of information that is available TheyThey use material on the web to show the wealth of information that is available. Theyare visual with many images and minimal text. The url given for each image enables
t l b t bj t P ti l tt ti h b i tusers to learn more about any subject. Particular attention has been given tohighlighting both the scholarly websites and the public resources of social networkingsites, Wikipedia and Google Earth/Maps.
The first programmes begin with the great riverine cultures of antiquity. Modules onother parts of the ancient world will be phased in during 2011-2012 All programmesother parts of the ancient world will be phased in during 2011 2012. All programmeswill be updated regularly.
The World of Ancient Art (www.waa.ox.ac.uk) is being designed as a web-basedf f S fcollaborative research platform, initially for the School of Archaeology in the University
of Oxford. When firmly established it will welcome contributions from scholars and theypublic.
As part of ongoing research in ICT for cultural heritage (www.clarosnet.org), the sitewill use emerging technologies to deliver scholarly information in accessible formatswill use emerging technologies to deliver scholarly information in accessible formatsto a global community of users.
Donna Kurtz
C t tContentsChronological charts and mapsChronological charts and mapsBering StraitsBering StraitsNorth America and Clovis cultureMeoamerica
El MantiEl MantiSan LorenzoSan LorenzoTenochtitianPortero NuevoEl A lEl AzuzulSan Martin PajapanSan Martin PajapanTres ZapotesLa VentaMonte AltoMonte AltoTakalk AbajTakalk AbajChalcazingo
CholulaTeotihuacanCuelloCuelloSoconusco
South AmericaSouth AmericaMonte AlegreSerra du LunaMonte VerdeMonte VerdeChavin de Huantar
Museums and collectionsMuseums and collections
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=02®ion=na
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=03®ion=na
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04®ion=nahttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period 04®ion na
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=05®ion=na
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=02®ion=cahttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period 02®ion ca
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=03®ion=ca
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04®ion=cam
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04®ion=caa
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04®ion=cac
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=05®ion=cam
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=05®ion=caa
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=05®ion=cac
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/world-regions/#/04/Central-America
Early AmericasEarly Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameicas_1000_BCE_crop.pngp p g _ _ _ p p g
Pre-Columbian Americashttp://upload wikimedia org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/PreColumbian American cultures pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/PreColumbian_American_cultures.png
P l hi t ti f th thPalaeogeographic reconstruction of the earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TectonicReconstructionGlobal.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TectonicReconstructionGlobal.gif
http://arcticstudies pbworks com/Beringiahttp://arcticstudies.pbworks.com/Beringia
North AmericaNorth Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nordamerikanische_Kulturareale_en.pngp p g _ _ p g
AlaskaRussia
Bering Straits from spaceBering Straits from spacehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/BeringSt-close-VE.jpg
Early Americashttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:Ameicas 1000 BCE crop pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameicas_1000_BCE_crop.png
Clovis Culture tooled flintClovis Culture tooled flinthttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Clovis_Point.jpgp p g p _ jpg
North American Mound BuildersNorth American Mound Buildershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monks_Mound_in_July.JPGp p g _ _ _ y
Serpent Mound, east of Cincinnati, Ohiohttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:Serpent mound 8438 jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serpent_mound_8438.jpg
A digital GIS map of Ohio's Great Serpent Mound, created by Timothy A. Price and Nichole I. St i M h f 2002Stump in March of 2002
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Serpent_Mound.jpg
Mesoamericahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mesoamerica_geo_location.png
Ol ‘h tl d’Olmec ‘heartland’http://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:Olmec Heartland Overview 4 svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olmec_Heartland_Overview_4.svg
The site of El MantiThe site of El Manti
W d b tWooden bustshttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:El Manati Wooden Busts jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_Manati_Wooden_Busts.jpg
Wooden ballWooden ballhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/cuauhtli/3868253860/in/set-72157605538043868/
Olmec ‘heartland’Olmec heartlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olmec_Heartland_Overview_4.svg
Landscape of Mesoamerica:Landscape of Mesoamerica: Guatemalan HighlandsGuatemalan Highlands
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Guatemalahighlands.jpg
The sites of San Lorenzo http://www.famsi.org/reports/97068/images/avfig1.gif
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/sites/sanLorenzo.htmp p gy g
Colossal head (2.9m high)htt // iki di / iki/Fil C b C l l1 M X l 1 1 jhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CabezaColosal1_MuseoXalapa_v1.1.jpg
S d j f S LSeated jaguar from San Lorenzohttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:Seated Olmec Jaguar from San Lorenzo Veracruz jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seated_Olmec_Jaguar_from_San_Lorenzo,_Veracruz.jpg
El Azuzul siteEl Azuzul sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olmec_Heartland_Overview_4.svg
El Azuzul Twinhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/El_Azuzul_twin.jpg
Twins in situ facing large felineTwins in situ facing large felinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_Azuzul_in_situ_(Thomas_Aleto).jpg
Basalt statue (1.4m from San Martin Pajapan)Basalt statue (1.4m from San Martin Pajapan)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Martin_Pajapan_Monument_1_retouched.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tres_Zapotes_site_plan.svg
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/sites/TresZapotesImageGallery/heizer 413.htmlhttp://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/sites/TresZapotesImageGallery/heizer_413.html
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/sites/TresZapotesImageGallery/stirling_19.html
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/english/sites/TresZapotesImageGallery/stirling 14.htmlttp //a t opo ogy s edu/o ec/e g s /s tes/ es apotes ageGa e y/st g_ t
htt // th l i d / l / f l/ it i /Di Sit I D t il f ?ID 8http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/cfml/site_images/DigSiteImages_Detail.cfm?ID=8
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/cfml/site_images/DigSiteImages_Detail.cfm?ID=21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Venta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_Venta_site_plan.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_Venta_Mosaic_(Ruben_Charles).jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_Venta_Stele_19_(Delange).jpg
http://anthropology.si.edu/olmec/cfml/site_images/DigSiteImages_Detail.cfm?ID=18
La Venta colossal head 1(2 1m)La Venta colossal head 1(2.1m)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mexico.Tab.OlmecHead.01.jpg
‘Altar’ or throneAltar or thronehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_4_La_Venta_(Ruben_Charles).jpg
Side viewhttp://upload wikimedia org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Laventaniche jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Laventaniche.jpg
Terracotta figurinesTerracotta figurineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Small_Olmec_Figurines_(Met).jpg
Olmec figurinesOlmec figurineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmec_figurine#Offering_4_at_La_Venta
Standing man made of serpentineStanding man made of serpentinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olmec_figurine,_serpentine.jpg
Were-jaguar jade (8.6cm)
E l ‘t f ti fi ’Eagle ‘transformation figure’http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olmec Eagle Transformation Figure.jpgp p g _ g _ _ g jpg
Archaeological sitesArchaeological siteshttp://www.famsi.org/maps/index.html
Monte Alto culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Formative_Period_southern_Mesoamerica_2.svg
‘Giant head’‘Giant head’http://www.authenticmaya.com/monte_alto.htmp y _
‘Pot-bellied’ manhttp://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:MonteAltopotbellie jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MonteAltopotbellie.jpg
Monte Alto cultureMonte Alto culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Formative_Period_southern_Mesoamerica_2.svg
Reconstruction of the sitehtt // th ti /i /T k lik%20 jhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/Takalik%20mapa.jpg
Temple 1htt // th ti /i /T k lik%20Pl %20L d %20 t jhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/Takalik%20Plaza%20Lado%20oeste.jpg
‘Pre-classic’ ball-court at Takalik Abajjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TakalikAbajBallcourt.jpg
AlligatorAlligatorhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/Takalik%20lagarto.jpg
Terracotta headTerracotta headhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/takalik_ca.jpg
F kFunerary maskhttp://www authenticmaya com/images/takalik%20abaj%20jade mask jpghttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/takalik%20abaj%20jade.mask.jpg
J d klJade necklacehttp://www authenticmaya com/images/takalik%20abaj%20jade 2 jpghttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/takalik%20abaj%20jade.2.jpg
PotteryPotteryhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/takalik%20abaj%20ceramica.jpgp y g j jpg
Slab with relief decorationhttp://www.authenticmaya.com/images/Takalik%20Estela%202.jpg
‘Pot-belly’ sculpturePot-belly sculpturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potbelly_1.jpg
Archaeological site of ChalcatzingoArchaeological site of Chalcatzingohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Formative_Era_sites.svg
The fertile plain between two hillsphttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chalcatzingo%2C_looking_north-northwest.jpg
‘Water dancing relief’Water dancing reliefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chalcatzingo_Monument_1_El_Rey.svg
‘Classic’ sites‘Classic’ sites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Classic_sites_1.svg
Th P id f Ch l lThe Pyramid of Cholula http://en wikipedia org/wiki/File:Cholula Pyramid jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cholula_Pyramid.jpg
TeotihuacanTeotihuacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:View_from_Pyramide_de_la_luna.jpg
The Pyramid of the Sunyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Piramide_de_la_Luna_072006.jpg
Stone mask of the 3 7th centuries ADStone mask of the 3-7th centuries ADhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teotihuacan_mask_Branly_70-1999-12-1.jpg
Maya
CuelloSoconusco
Mesoamerican regionsMesoamerican regionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mesoamerica_english.PNGp p g _ g
The site of Cuellohttp://ambergriscaye.com/pages/mayan/art/cuello22sm.jpg
T l i d l h d f C llTemple site and clay head from Cuellohttp://www northernbelize com/see cuello htmlhttp://www.northernbelize.com/see_cuello.html
Early Americashtt // iki di / iki/Fil A i 1000 BCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameicas_1000_BCE_crop.png
Central American siteshttp://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.an.08.100179.000321?cookieSet=1
Early Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameicas_1000_BCE_crop.png
The Amazonian site of Monte Alegreghttp://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-MonteAlegre/text-MtAlegre.htm
The archaeological sitehttp://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-MonteAlegre/text-MtAlegre.htm
Truta da Pedra Pintadaahttp://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-MonteAlegre/text-MtAlegre.htm
Pink indicates where the paintings were foundhtt // d /BOOK/ h t 54/t t M t Al /t t MtAl hthttp://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-MonteAlegre/text-MtAlegre.htm
‘Open air’ paintings at Serra da Lua, Monte Legreh // d /BOOK/ h 54/ M Al / M Al hhttp://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter54/text-MonteAlegre/text-MtAlegre.htm
Early AmericasEarly Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameicas_1000_BCE_crop.png
M t V d Cl i i Chil ?Monte Verde - pre-Clovis in Chile?http://www nytimes com/library/national/science/082598sci-monteverde 1 GIF htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/082598sci monteverde.1.GIF.html
Maranon River merges withMaranon River merges with AmazonAmazon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maranonrivermap.png
Chavin de Huantarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chavin-small.png
Looking down on the siteLooking down on the sitehttp://www.stanford.edu/~johnrick/chavin_wrap/chavin/
Chavin de Huantarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huántar.JPG
Circular ‘plaza’http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chavin_circular_plaza_cyark.jpg
Wall with image of a deityg yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Estela.jpg
3D reconstruction of the plaza and staircasephttp://archive.cyark.org/3d-point-cloud-of-the-circular-plaza-and-building-b-staircase-created-from-laser-scan-data-media
Lanzon gallery with Lanzon steleLanzon gallery with stele
Lanzon stelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chavin_lanzon_stela_cyark.jpgstele
http://archive.cyark.org/chavin-de-huantar-info
Moche pottery Moche nariguera with gold p yhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moche_portrait_c
eramic_Quai_Branly_71.1930.19.162_n2.jpg and turquoisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nariguera_Moche2.JPG
Museums and collections
North America
National Museum of Mankind, Ottawa - http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/homeUniversity of British Columbia Museum, Vancouver - http://www.moa.ubc.ca/Chicago Museum of Natural History http://fieldmuseum org/explore/department/anthropology/north america/collectionsChicago Museum of Natural History - http://fieldmuseum.org/explore/department/anthropology/north-america/collectionsPeabody Museum, Harvard - http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/196British Museum - http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/world_cultures/the_americas/arctic_peoples.aspx http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/world_cultures/the_americas/native_north_america.aspx
Mesoamerica
British Museum - http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/world_cultures/the_americas/maya.aspxMuseo Nacional de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Guatemala City - http://www.munae.gob.gt/Museo de Antropologia, Mexico City - http://www.gobiernodigital.inah.gob.mx/mener/index.php?id=33p g , y p g g g p pMuseo Palacio Canton, Merida, MexicoPeabody Museum, Harvard - http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/197University Museum of Pennsylvania Philadelphia http://www penn museum/long term exhibits htmlUniversity Museum of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia - http://www.penn.museum/long-term-exhibits.htmlBoston Museum of Fine Arts - http://www.mfa.org/collections/art-americas Metropolitan Museum, New York - http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/American Museum of Natural History - http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/culture/mexico.html
South AmericaSouth America
Metropolitan Museum, New York - http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/P b d M H d htt // b d h d d / d /198Peabody Museum, Harvard - http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/198 American Museum of Natural History - http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/culture/south.html Museo de Oro, Bogota - http://www.banrepcultural.org/museo-del-orog p p gMuseo del Banco Central, QuitoMuseo Nacional, Lima - http://museodelacultura.perucultural.org.pe/Museo Larco Hoyle Lima - http://www museolarco org/iindex htmlMuseo Larco Hoyle, Lima - http://www.museolarco.org/iindex.html