the american pageant chapter 28 progressivism and the republican roosevelt, 1901-1912 cover slide...

The American Pageant

Chapter 28

Progressivism and the Republican

Roosevelt, 1901-1912

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

PROGRESSIVISM vs.

POPULISM

How are they different?

- historical setting

- aims

- membership

- success

ROOTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRESSIVISM

• Populism

• “Strengthen the State”

• Rise of Welfare State as concept

• Threat of socialism

• Problems with urbanization/industrialization

• Muckrakers

• Alliance b/w business and politics

Shoe line--Bowery men with gift from Tim Sullivan, February, 1910"Big Tim" Sullivan, a New York City ward boss, rewarded "repeat voters" with a new pair of shoes. Sullivan once explained, "When you've voted ‘em with their whiskers on, you take ‘em to a barber and scrape off the chin fringe. Then you vote ‘em again…Then to a barber again, off comes the sides and you vote ‘em a third time with the mustache…[Then] clean off the mustache and vote ‘em plain face. That makes every one of ‘em for four votes." (Library of Congress)

Shoe line--Bowery men with gift from Tim Sullivan, February, 1910


Breaker Boys and HeadlineThe coal mines of Pennsylvania employed more than ten thousand boys under the age of 16. Known as "breaker boys," they sorted coal. Such work was dangerous and sometimes fatal, as attested by this 1911 headline. (Library of Congress)

Breaker Boys and Headline


Textile workerYoung children like this one were often used in the textile mills because their small fingers could tie together broken threads more easily than those of adults. (Library of Congress)

Textile worker


Poor neighborhood, Philadelphia, 1915Scenes like this in the immigrant wards of America's great cities stirred middle-class reformers to action at the turn of the century. (Philadelphia City Archives)

Poor neighborhood, Philadelphia, 1915


Library of CongressFamily in an attic home with drying laundry]. CREATED/PUBLISHED [between 1900 and 1910] NOTES title devised by cataloger. Photograph of a photographic print. Possibly immigrants. Detroit Publishing Co. no. P 512. Gift; State Historical Society of Colorado; 1949

The Tenement Question--Inside and Out!

Many city dwellers, especially immigrants, typically lived in tenements that were crowded and unsanitary. (Library of Congress)

The Tenement Question--Inside and Out!


PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

• “initiative”

• “referendum”

• “recall”

• Primary elections

• Secret ballots

• Seventeenth Amendment (1913) –direct election of Senators

• Women’s suffrage

• Public control of utilities/city management

La Follette's autobiography; a personal narrative of political experiences, by Robert M. La Follette ...

How has it been possible that both the people of Wisconsin and the investors in public utilities have been so greatly benefited by this regulation? Simply because the regulation is scientific . The Railroad Commission has found out through its engineers, accountants, and statisticians what it actually costs to build and operate the road and utilities. Watered stock and balloon bonds get no consideration. On the other hand, since the commission knows the costs, it knows exactly the point below which rates cannot be reduced. It even raises rates when they are below the cost, including reasonable profit.

The people are benefited because they are not now paying profits on inflated capital. The investors are benefited because the commission has all the facts needed to prevent a reduction of rates below a fair profit on their true value. So honestly, capably, and scientifically has the work of our commission been done that the railroads and other utility corporations have accepted their reductions without any contest at all. . . .

Suffrage paradeSuffrage leaders built support for the cause by using modern advertising and publicity techniques, including automobiles festooned with flags, bunting, banners, posters, and--in this case--smiling little girls. (Library of Congress)

Suffrage parade


The AwakeningThis cartoon, entitled "The Awakening," shows a western woman, draped in a golden robe, bringing the torch of woman suffrage from the western states that had adopted suffrage to enlighten the darkness of the eastern states that had not done so. In the dark eastern states, women eagerly reach toward the light from the west. Yellow had become closely associated with the suffrage movement, and western suffrage advocates often depicted suffrage as a woman in a golden robe. (Library of Congress)

The Awakening


PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

• Eighteenth Amendment (1919)

= Prohibition of Alcohol

• Women’s Christian Temperance Movement, Frances E. Willard

• “Blue” and “dry” laws

Photograph from The White Slave HellIn addition to crusading against drunkenness, moral reformers stirred up emotions over accusations that evil men were seducing innocent young women into prostitution--or white slavery, as it was called. In this posed photograph printed in a 1910 antivice publication, The White Slave Hell: or, With Christ at Midnight in the Slums of Chicago, the man supposedly has gotten the woman drunk and is about to lure her into a life of sin. (Collection of Perry R. Duis, from The Saloon)

Photograph from The White Slave Hell


PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

• Workmen’s Compensation

• Maximum hours• Minimum wage• Muller v. Oregon

(1908) – protection for women in workplace

• Shirtwaist Fire (1911) – catalyst for reform

Socialists paradeThough their objectives sometimes differed from those of middle-class Progressive reformers, socialists also became a more active force in the early twentieth century. Socialist parades on May Day, such as this one in 1910, were meant to express the solidarity of all working people. (Library of Congress)

Socialists parade


The Masses cover, 1912This socialist publication, edited in New York's Greenwich Village, denounced the abuses of capitalism, including child labor. (Library of Congress)

The Masses cover, 1912


Yard of tenement at Park Place

(Library of Congress)

Yard of tenement at Park Place


CONTEXT

When did Roosevelt become President?

What was going on in the US at the time?

What was going on in the world at the time?

Are there any parallels today?

ROOSEVELT THE MAN

What was Roosevelt’s background?

Education?

Personality?

Experience prior to becoming President?

ROOSEVELT AT HOME

What was Roosevelt’s position re: Progressivism?

• “Square Deal”

• Arbitrates the 1902 Coal Strike

• Threatened to assume control of mines– HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Govt. did not automatically back big business

• Dept. of Commerce and Labor (1903)

• “trust-busting”

Pullman Strike Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902

Theodore Roosevelt cartoon "A nauseating job, but it must be done"Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, published in 1906, prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation of Sinclair's allegations about unsanitary practices. Roosevelt then used the results of that investigation to pressure Congress into approving new federal legislation to inspect meatpacking. (Utica Saturday Globe)

Theodore Roosevelt cartoon "A nauseating job, but it must be done"


Stamp--"US Inspected and Condemned"Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, published in 1906, prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation of Sinclair's allegations about unsanitary practices. Roosevelt then used the results of that investigation to pressure Congress into approving new federal legislation to inspect meatpacking, including a stamp such as the one shown here for condemned meat. (Chicago Historical Society)

Stamp--"US Inspected and Condemned"


Report of the National conservation commission. February, 1909. Special message from the President of the United States transmitting a report of the National Conservation commission, with accompanying papers ... Ed. under the direction of the Ex SPECIAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT TRANSMITTING THE REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION

The underlying principle of conservation has been described as the application of common sense to common problems for the common good. If the description is correct, then conservation is the great fundamental basis for national efficiency. In this stage of the world's history, to be fearless, to be just, and to be efficient are the three great requirements of national life. National efficiency is the result of natural resources well handled, of freedom of opportunity for every man, and of the inherent capacity, trained ability, knowledge, and will, collectively and individually, to use that opportunity.

ROOSEVELT THE REFORMER

• “Good” vs. “Bad” Trusts- ex. Railroad and Beef trusts were “bad”

• Sinclair’s The Jungle –catalyst for reform• Meat Inspection Act of 1906• Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906• Newlands Act of 1902• Environmental Conservationism

Did Roosevelt show more restraint than reform?

Patent medicineMakers of unregulated patent medicines advertised exorbitant results from using their products. This ad, while warning against "fraudulent claims," asserts that a wide belt can cure a variety of ailments. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 did not ban such products but tried to prevent manufacturers from making such unsubstantiated statements. (Picture Research Consultants & Archives)

Patent medicine


Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford PinchotThe two friends and allies in the conservation cause aboard the steamboat Mississippi on a 1907 tour with the Inland Waterways Commission. (Library of Congress)

Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot


Theodore Roosevelt with John Muir at Yosemite, 1903In 1903, at Yosemite National Park, Theodore Roosevelt met with John Muir, a leading advocate for the preservation of wilderness. While Roosevelt made important contributions to the preservation of parks and wildlife refuges, he was more interested in the careful management of national resources, including federal lands. (Yosemite Museum)

Theodore Roosevelt with John Muir at Yosemite, 1903


Roosevelt and Imperialism

What were Roosevelt’s major acts of foreign policy?

• Panama “revolution” from Colombia Nov. 1903

• US Navy supports the “revolution”

• Panama Canal built (1904-1914, $400 million)

• US granted Canal Zone (10 mile strip)

• “Big Stick” Diplomacy or “Cowboy diplomacy?”

Roosevelt’s Second Term

• Roosevelt re-elected in 1904

• Looses support from w/in party b/c of “progressive” rhetoric

• Lame-duck = decline in power

• Blamed for Panic of 1907

HOW DOES HISTORY

JUDGE TR’s PRESIDENCY?

Postcard with Taft cartoonThis postcard depicts how President Theodore Roosevelt, in command of the Republican Party, persuaded his friend William Howard Taft to run for president in 1908. Taft was not eager for that office, but Roosevelt succeeded in convincing him to seek it. With Roosevelt's strong support, Taft was elected, but he proved a disappointment to Roosevelt. (Collection of Janice L. and David J. Frent)

Postcard with Taft cartoon


Election of 1908

• TR anoints Taft as successor

• Taft (Republican) v. Bryan (Democrat)

• Voters endorse status quo: Taft wins 321 to 162

http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/elections/maps/1908.gif

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/reform/jb_reform_taft_1_e.jpg

President Taft (1908)

Pres. Taft (1908-1912)

SCORECARD:

• Not as popular as TR

• Fails to unite wings of Republican party-splits it!

• “dollar diplomacy”

• Interventions in Cuba, Honduras, Dominican Republic and Nicaragua (13 years in Nicaragua!)

• Over 90 anti-trust actions, including against Standard Oil and US Steel

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill controversy

the american pageant chapter 28 progressivism and the republican roosevelt, 1901-1912 cover slide...

Documents

politics slide

membership success slide

library of congress

library of congress

em againthen

vote em plain face

big tim sullivan

state rise of welfare