The Age of Napoleon

Ch. 11.3

• Napoleon built and lost an empire

• Nationalism spread as a result of the French Revolution

• Napoleon was exiled first to Elba, and then to St. Helena where he died

What to know......

Early Life

Born 1763 in Corsica - Father was a lawyer (3rd estate)

-attended military school

Military Success

quick rise through military ranks

Consul & Emporer consulate after coup d’etat

Napoleon had control...appointed bureaucracycontrolled armsconducted foreign affairsinfluenced legislature1804=crowned himself emperor

Peace with the Church

-Napoleon accepts Catholicism as majority religion in France

-Pope agrees to discard land lost during the Revolution

-Pope will crown NB as Emperor

Codification of Laws

Napoleonic Code: single law code for nation (these are the rights the 3rd estate wanted from the revolution)

-equality for all before the law

-ability to choose profession - protection of property

-religious toleration

New Bureaucracy -Merit based positions (not by status or nobility, but who was best for a job)

-3,263 new nobles from middle class

Building an Empire

1799 – at war with G.B., Austria, Prussia, Sweden, & Russia

1) DEFEAT = Austria, Prussia, Russia

Creates a European Order

3 parts:

-French Empire (expanded France)

-Dependent States (ruled by NB family)

-Allied States (part of the Empire)

Napoleon Success

Brings Revolution Ideas to France (Napoleonic Code)

Returns Religion to France (peace with the Pope)

Gives the people of France pride (nationalism;the center of an empire)

Establishes a functioning Bureaucracy (people get jobs based on skill, not who they are)

The master of Europe

• Napoleon the general and the emperor have had a great deal of success

• This success begins to lead to the downfall of the man and the empire.....

Britain’s Survival

NB wants Britain to be the jewel in the crown of the French empire

Britain's Naval Power is the strongest on Earth

@Battle of Trafalgar (1805) GB pushes the French back

NB then tries a Continental System to stop British trade

+FAILED+

Napoleon’s first problem

Nationalism - extreme devotion, pride, & loyalty to one's nation; patriotism.

-France tried to press these ideas on conquered nations of the French empire

-The other countries of the empire do not LOVE France

-Tried to show conquered nations what nationalism could accomplish (leads to a backlash)

everyone else bans together AGAINST NB

Napoleon’s second problem

Disaster in Russia

Russia refused Continental System

June 1812 – 600,000 troops

Burning Retreat

-French = no food

Moscow Burned

-Great Retreat

*40,000 return

*other states rise up against Napoleon

Napoleon exiled to Elba

Louis XVIII (brother) of old king

placed in power as ruler of France

Weak ruler who lacked support (not many

people liked him)

Napoleon returns (sneaks) to France

Army sent to arrest Napoleon

Wins over the Army

-returns to Paris triumphantly

European Powers Fight Napoleon

-Napoleon moves to fight

NB sets out for one last “stand”

@ Battle of Waterloo

Duke of Wellington

-defeats Napoleons army

Exiled to St. Helena