The French Revolution The French Revolution

and and NapoleonNapoleon

NapoleNapoleonon

Napoleon served in the army during the RevolutionNapoleon served in the army during the Revolution In 1795 he became a national hero when he protected the In 1795 he became a national hero when he protected the

National Convention delegates from rebelling RoyalistsNational Convention delegates from rebelling Royalists In 1796 he was given control of the army in a war against In 1796 he was given control of the army in a war against

AustriaAustria He was able to have a series of victories that made him He was able to have a series of victories that made him

popular in Francepopular in France

In 1799, the government that In 1799, the government that was set up at the end of the was set up at the end of the Revolution fell apartRevolution fell apart

Napoleon was encouraged to Napoleon was encouraged to take power for himselftake power for himself

After gaining control of the government, Napoleon After gaining control of the government, Napoleon started to make changesstarted to make changes

He set up a tax system and central bank to help pay He set up a tax system and central bank to help pay debtsdebts

Got rid of corrupt government officialsGot rid of corrupt government officials Brought religion back to FranceBrought religion back to France

In 1804, Napoleon decided to become In 1804, Napoleon decided to become an emperoran emperor

The Pope had always crowned a ruler The Pope had always crowned a ruler of France, but when Napoleon of France, but when Napoleon walked up he took the crown from the walked up he took the crown from the Pope’s hands and crowned himselfPope’s hands and crowned himself

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire

Napoleon wanted to control all of Napoleon wanted to control all of Europe and increase power in the Europe and increase power in the New WorldNew World

After a rebellion in a French colony After a rebellion in a French colony by slaves Napoleon decided to sell by slaves Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana Territory to America the Louisiana Territory to America for $15 million in 1803for $15 million in 1803

He did this for money to fight in He did this for money to fight in Europe and to hurt the BritishEurope and to hurt the British

In 1805, Napoleon In 1805, Napoleon started to fight against started to fight against Prussia (Germany), Prussia (Germany), Austria and RussiaAustria and Russia

After a series of After a series of victories, each country victories, each country was forced to sign peace was forced to sign peace treatiestreaties

Napoleon now had the Napoleon now had the largest empire since the largest empire since the times of the Romanstimes of the Romans

Battle of Battle of TrafalgarTrafalgar

In taking over Europe, In taking over Europe, Napoleon only lost one Napoleon only lost one major battlemajor battle

On the southwestern tip of On the southwestern tip of Spain, the Royal Navy was Spain, the Royal Navy was able to split the French navy able to split the French navy and defeat themand defeat them

This destroyed the French This destroyed the French navy and gave Britain naval navy and gave Britain naval supremacy for the next 100 supremacy for the next 100 yearsyears

It also destroyed Napoleons It also destroyed Napoleons plans to invade Englandplans to invade England

Between 1805 and 1812, Napoleon controlled the Between 1805 and 1812, Napoleon controlled the majority of Europemajority of Europe

Many countries were allied to him (but had puppet Many countries were allied to him (but had puppet governments)governments)

By 1812, Napoleons empire started to fall apartBy 1812, Napoleons empire started to fall apart

The Collapse of The Collapse of NapoleonNapoleon After his loss at Trafalgar, After his loss at Trafalgar,

Napoleon decided to Napoleon decided to blockadeblockade England England

He hoped that it would He hoped that it would destroy England’s destroy England’s economyeconomy

But because of smugglers, But because of smugglers, England was still able to England was still able to get goods into Europeget goods into Europe

England then responded by England then responded by blockading Europe and blockading Europe and because they had the because they had the stronger navy, it workedstronger navy, it worked

The British forced neutral ships that were The British forced neutral ships that were going to Europe to England to be searched and going to Europe to England to be searched and taxedtaxed

This angered the US and so in 1812, they This angered the US and so in 1812, they declared war on Great Britaindeclared war on Great Britain

In 1808, Napoleon decided to invade PortugalIn 1808, Napoleon decided to invade Portugal To do this, he went through SpainTo do this, he went through Spain This did not make Spain happyThis did not make Spain happy They were afraid that he would attack the church the same They were afraid that he would attack the church the same

way the French did during their revolutionway the French did during their revolution Many Spaniards were guerrillas, small bands of fighters Many Spaniards were guerrillas, small bands of fighters

that struck the French army and then retreated (like that struck the French army and then retreated (like American Minutemen)American Minutemen)

During the war in Spain, Britain sent helpDuring the war in Spain, Britain sent help This caused a defeat for NapoleonThis caused a defeat for Napoleon

He lost 300,000 menHe lost 300,000 men This defeat weakened the French EmpireThis defeat weakened the French Empire

Napoleons most disastrous mistake came in Napoleons most disastrous mistake came in June of 1812 when he decided to invade June of 1812 when he decided to invade RussiaRussia

He led an army of 420,000 men into RussiaHe led an army of 420,000 men into Russia As Napoleon advanced the Russians retreated, As Napoleon advanced the Russians retreated,

killing all livestock and burning all the grain killing all livestock and burning all the grain fields fields

By September, the By September, the Russians and the French Russians and the French met in open battlemet in open battle

After several hours, the After several hours, the Russians retreated Russians retreated leaving Moscow (the leaving Moscow (the Russian capitol) openRussian capitol) open

Napoleon moved in a Napoleon moved in a few days later, but the few days later, but the Russians had burned it Russians had burned it to the groundto the ground

By October, Napoleon decided to head back to FranceBy October, Napoleon decided to head back to France The winter was coming and the army was not The winter was coming and the army was not equippedequipped for winter for winter

in Russiain Russia As they retreated, Russian raiders kept attacking As they retreated, Russian raiders kept attacking Many French were killed in these clashes or died from Many French were killed in these clashes or died from

woundswounds

Many more died from hunger, exhaustion and Many more died from hunger, exhaustion and the coldthe cold

By mid-December only 10,000 men survived By mid-December only 10,000 men survived to make it back to Franceto make it back to France

After his defeats in Russia, Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia After his defeats in Russia, Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden declare war on Napoleonand Sweden declare war on Napoleon

Because of the major defeats, Napoleons new army was Because of the major defeats, Napoleons new army was inexperienced and were quickly defeatedinexperienced and were quickly defeated

Soon, Paris was taken and Napoleon was forced to Soon, Paris was taken and Napoleon was forced to surrender surrender

The victors forced him to The victors forced him to abdicateabdicate his his throne and then they banished him to throne and then they banished him to a tiny island south of France called a tiny island south of France called ElbaElba

Louis XVI’s brother then takes the Louis XVI’s brother then takes the throne but become unpopular because throne but become unpopular because people thought he wanted to undo people thought he wanted to undo progress brought by the revolutionprogress brought by the revolution

This gave Napoleon incentive to This gave Napoleon incentive to regain powerregain power

In March of 1815, he In March of 1815, he escapes Elba and goes to escapes Elba and goes to ParisParis

Thousands support him and Thousands support him and within days he is Emperor of within days he is Emperor of France againFrance again

The European allies quickly The European allies quickly gather an army to stop thisgather an army to stop this

In June of 1815, the British went against Napoleon at the Belgium In June of 1815, the British went against Napoleon at the Belgium city city WaterlooWaterloo

The British, led by Duke Wellington, were able to The British, led by Duke Wellington, were able to hold their ground until the Prussians arrived hold their ground until the Prussians arrived

2 days later, the French troops were exhausted and 2 days later, the French troops were exhausted and surrenderedsurrendered

Napoleon was then banished to a small island in the south Napoleon was then banished to a small island in the south AtlanticAtlantic

He died in 1821 of a stomach illness (cancer maybe)He died in 1821 of a stomach illness (cancer maybe)