napoleon - overview
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NAPOLEON BONAPARTE 1769-1821
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BACKGROUND
• Napoleon was from the island of Corsica
• Joined the French army in 1785
• His father was a government bureaucrat – middle class family
• Napoleon gained a reputation as a strong and successful military leader in the late 1700’s.
• After the French Revolution the Directory failed to rule successfully
• Napoleon gained control of the government and was named First Consul of the French Republic 1799
• He crowned himself emperor of France in 1804
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NAPOLEON’S GRAND EMPIRE
• Napoleon moved to create a French Empire in Europe
• Direct control of regions and countries
• France made alliances with other nations
• Napoeon created satellites under his control
• – often placed family members as rulers in these regions
• French expansion prompted nationalistic movements across Europe to address French aggression
• Napoleon never gained control of England or Russia
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. Napoleon ordered the construction of this bronze fountain, representing ‘an elephant carrying a tower in the style of the ancients. Only a full-scale plaster model was built, which was demolished in 1846.
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POLICIES UNDER NAPOLEON
• Napoleon created a since of national unity built on French nationalism
• Established order and law
• Civil Code of 1804 -
• equality before the law
• insured security of personal wealth and property
• Established a national bank and new currency
• Established a large bureaucratic system of government – centralized state
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• Established Catholicism as the dominant national religion- Concordant of 1801
• allowed the Church greater control over its affairs in France
• Worked to improve the city of Paris-
• cleaned out slums
• built wide boulevards and parks
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• Women’s rights diminished –
• husbands had absolute power over their wives and children
• Napoleon limited free speech and the press
• A spy network kept people in check
• There were very harsh penalties for challenging the government and its authority and policies
• By 1814 there were thousands of political prisoners in France
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THE ARCH D’ TRIUMPHE IN PARIS
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THE GRAND BOULEVARDS
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AFTER RETURNING FROM HIS FAILED ATTEMPT TO TAKE CONTROL OF RUSSIA, NAPOLEON WAS DETHRONED AND SENT TO THE ISLAND OF ELBA WHERE HE RULED THE SMALL ISLAND KINGDOM
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NAPOLEON WAS EXILED TO THE ISLAND OF ST. HELENA AFTER HIS DEFEAT AT WATERLOO
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NAPOLEON’S HOME ON ST. HELENA
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AFTER HIS DEATH, NAPOLEON’S BODY WAS RETURNED TO FRANCE
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NAPOLEON’S TOMB IN PARIS
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NAPOLEON’S DEATH MASK
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