terms and acronyms of cld students

Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students

Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture

TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

*Aligns with Chapter 1 in the course textbook : Herrera, Socorro G., & Murry, Kevin G.

(2011). Mastering ESL and Bilingual Methods: Differentiated Instruction for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Students. New York, NY: Pearson.

TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Instructor: Beth Crumpler

Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students:

• LEP (Limited English Proficient)

▫ This is a term coined by the federal government. LEP does

not describe the strengths of CLD students. It refers to a person who is studying English as his or her second language.

• LM or LMS (Language Minority Student)

▫ This tries to put a standard umbrella term over all CLD student populations. However, schools, school systems/districts and states have different CLD student populations. And, CLD student populations in some of these places are not the minority.

Instructor: Beth Crumpler TESL 585 Methods and Materials of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

Terms and Acronyms of CLD Students Lesson 1- Module 2 Lecture


• Mainstream

▫ This term refers to ‘typical’ students who are from/have the traditional (or dominant) U.S. culture/ language. ‘Mainstream’ is not considered the ideal term to use because it makes CLD students sound inferior to traditional U.S. students which is not true.

• Grade-level Students

▫ This term is considered the ideal term to use when addressing all student populations.




• CLD (Culturally and Linguistically Diverse)

▫ This term refers to a person who is from a different culture and speaks a different language compared to the dominant group around him or her.

• BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills)

▫ This term refers to the language ability that is used in causal and interpersonal conversations.




• CALLA (Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach) ▫ This is an instructional method which is based on the

cognitive approach. It places emphasis on explicit instruction and strategies, and acquisition of critical thinking skills which help students acquire deeper levels of language proficiency.

• CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) ▫ This refers to the language ability that is needed in

academic learning which involves an abstract use of language, and does not use contextual clues.




• CUP- (Common Underlying Proficiency)

▫ This is a term used for the focus on the conceptual knowledge that new skills are built on. In this, the L1 and L2 facilitate growth of the essential cognitive patterns within people. Language biographies act as a bridge between prior knowledge and new information.

• NEP (Non-English Proficient)

▫ This term refers to a student who is not proficient in English.




• ELD (English Language Development) ▫ This term is used in some states for the programming

model of English as a second language (ESL). • ELL (English Language Learner)

▫ This term refers to a person who is in the process of transitioning from only knowing his/her native language to learning English as a new language (second/third/fourth, etc.).

• FEP (Fluent Proficient) ▫ This term refers to a student who is proficient in

English.




• ESL (English as a Second Language)

▫ This term refers to a program model for teaching English to students who speak multiple native languages. It focuses on using English for communication and learning.

• ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages)

▫ This term refers to a method of learning English which focuses on grammar and vocabulary instruction.




• i+1 (Comprehensible input)

▫ This term is part of the input hypothesis by Steven Krashen. It says that CLD students can learn best when they receive learning information that is just one step further than their current understanding.

i= information

+1 step beyond a student’s current comprehension abilities



Other terms and acronyms used for CLD students a:

• L1 (First Language) ▫ This terms refers to the native language of a person.

• L2 (Second Language) ▫ This terms refers to the second language of a person.

• NEP (Non-English Proficient) ▫ This term refers to a student who does not speak,

read, or write English proficiently. • ICB (Integrated Content-Based)

▫ This is a communication method which focuses on the instruction of academic materials of a specific content area along with learning a second language at the same time.



terms and acronyms of cld students

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