tech hand book, wavin

The flexible push-fit plumbing system

Technical Handbo

ok

April 2003

Technical Handbook

April 2003

In6CI/SfB

EPICUniclassL5171 E271

(53)

The FlexiblePush-fit

Plumbing System

Edlington LaneEdlingtonDoncasterDN12 1BY

United KingdomTel: +44 (0)1709 856300Fax: +44 (0)1709 856301

Email: [email protected]: www.hepworthplumbing.co.uk

Making Connections

Delivering Results

1

Contents

Introduction to Hepworth 2

The Hep2O® System 3

The Benefits of Hep2O® 8

Hep2O® Product Selector 10

Hep2O® Product Range 12

Hep2O® Performance Data 41

Hep2O® Connections & Compatibility 46

Hep2O® System Modification & Maintenance 52

Hep2O® Design Considerations 53Systems Planning 54Construction Types & Water Distribution 71Regulations & Guidance 81

Hep2O® General Considerations 82

Hep2O® Case Studies 84

Hep2O® Specification Clauses 86

Hep2O® Special Applications 90

Hep2O® Precautionary Advice 91

Hep2O® Environmental Considerations 92

Hep2O® International Standards 95

Index 96

Contact Information 100

Introduction to Hepworth

2

The CompanyHepworth Building Products is aglobal company with the vision toprovide solutions that assist watercycle management across the world.Here in the UK, we face ever-increasing challenges – from dealingwith devastating flooding, to takingresponsibility for our environmentby using sustainable materials in newand refurbished developments.

Hepworth’s three divisions:

• Hepworth Plumbing Products

• Hepworth Drainage

• Hepworth Concrete

manufacture and supply productsand services to meet modernchallenges and turn vision intoreality. All Hepworth products playa key role in realising this vision.

Quality System StandardsThe quality of Hep2O® plumbingcomponents and materials isassured by the application of theHepworth Building Products’Quality Management Programme.

This has been assessed andapproved, and is regularly monitoredby the British Standards Institutionand complies with BS EN ISO 9001.

Expertise and ExperienceHepworth Building Products are themost integrated multi-materialsupplier of products and services, withthe knowledge and capability to meetthe burgeoning demands of modernday water management. Advice andtechnical assistance is available to allprofessional users of the Hep2O®

flexible, push-fit plumbing system tohelp design efficient and cost-effectiveservices layouts.

Continuing Research andDevelopmentThe innovative Hep2O® plumbingsolutions are underpinned by arigorous and continuing researchand development programme.This,in turn, is augmented by feedbackfrom customers.

Working with OthersTo further consolidate ourcontinuing product development,and ensure current and futurebuilding requirements are met,Hepworth Plumbing Products hasindustrial affiliation with theInstitute of Plumbing, the Scottish &Northern Ireland PlumbingEmployer’s Federation (SNIPEF), andthe National Association of Plumbing,Heating & Mechanical ServicesContractors (APHC).

Environmental PolicyHepworth Building Products iscommitted not only to compliancewith environmental laws and theadoption of acceptable standards, butalso to the introduction of measuresto limit the adverse effects of itsoperations on the environment.

As a major extractor of rawmaterials and user of energy, wetherefore operate an environmentalpolicy that is fully integrated withall aspects of company activities, tosubstantially reduce our impact onthe environment.

The environmental policy sets thestandards for site emissions, noiselevels and overall goodhousekeeping, within a continuousimprovement regime using the BestAvailable Techniques Not EntailingExcessive Costs (BATNEEC)guidelines from the 1990Environmental Protection Act.

New processes and procedures forboth manufacturing and services aresystematically assessed to ensure thatefficiencies are optimised withoutsacrificing environmental benefits.

�

BS 7291

FM 01415

3

The Hep2O® System

The adaptability of the Hep2O®

system is further extended with achoice of Standard Pipe or BarrierPipe. Barrier pipe incorporates anoxygen barrier within the pipe wallthickness to inhibit oxygen permeationwhen used for central heatingsystems. Hep2O® Underfloor HeatingPipe, also incorporating an oxygendiffusion barrier, is specially designedfor underfloor central heating systems.

Also available is the Conduit Systemthat allows access to fittings in wallsand floors, and for Hep2O® pipesto be withdrawn for inspection. Atime and labour saving variation isthe Hep2O® Pipe in Pipe Systemthat incorporates Hep2O® BarrierPipe in a pre-sheathed conduitready for underscreed installation.

In addition, straight lengths of Hep2O®

pipe (as flexible as coiled pipes) are alsoavailable mostly for exposed pipeworkwhere neatness is important or whereonly short lengths are required.

Appearance Hep2O® pipe, and most of theplastics fittings, are light grey in colour.Other plastics fittings within the rangeare white. Brass fittings are natural incolour. Radiator and ball valves havechromed or nickel plated brass bodies.

The HandbookThis handbook describes thetechnical characteristics and uses ofthe Hep2O® system, and its provenadvantages over rigid pipe systems.

Introduction Hep2O® is an innovative, flexible,push-fit plumbing system especiallydeveloped for use by architects,designers and professional installers.

The Hep2O® system is particularlysuitable for domestic hot and coldwater supply, including potablewater, and central heating.

The system comprises flexible‘straight coil’ polybutylene pipeworkconnected to polybutylene fittingsthat incorporate an integral push-fitmechanism. Unlike other forms ofcoiled plastics pipes, Hep2O® pipesutilising ‘straight coil’ technology donot return to their coiled state whenuncoiled from their convenientSmartPackTM dispensers but insteadremain straight with no loss offlexibility. These characteristicsprovide a significantly faster, safer andmore cost effective installation whencompared to rigid pipe systems.

With rigid pipe systems, joists mustbe notched and the pipes installedprior to the laying of flooring boards.This has a number of disadvantages:

a) the plumber must work on openjoists increasing the risk of injury

b) the plumber must return afterfloors are laid, to connectradiators and other fixtures

c) the plumber often finds that thetails originally installed, have beenmoved by other tradesmen, andmust therefore be reinstated.

Flexibility and AdaptabilityFlexible pipe on the other hand, canbe fixed below previously installedflooring boards because it is easilycabled through joists into the correctlocation, avoiding the awkwardmanoeuvring associated with theinstallation of rigid straight lengths.This allows for safer working and forthe exact positioning of tails throughthe floor. There is also less risk ofpuncturing the pipe with nails usedfor fixing the flooring boards andtherefore no need to use protectivedevices such as ‘joist clips’.

Specially prepared lengths of pipe toform straight and offset connectionsusually associated with rigid systemsare unnecessary as the naturalflexibility of the Hep2O®

polybutylene pipe is used toovercome the likelihood of mis-alignment, thereby also eliminatingdry runs. This flexibility, inconjunction with long coil lengthsand guaranteed joint performance,enables installations to be completedwith fewer joints, minimising thedrop in operational flow rates andpotential weak points in the system.

Without the use of flux and solder(and therefore no naked flames orexposure to noxious fumes whenworking in confined spaces), effective,high performance joints are assuredwith the unique Hep2O® push-fitfittings. Each fitting consists of a highintegrity grab wedge and robust pre-lubricated ‘O’ ring, allowing joints tobe formed by the insertion of pipesinto fittings using only hand pressure.Available in both Demountable andSlimLine form, the wide variety offittings is complemented by acomprehensive range of auxiliary andancillary products. Hep2O® fittingsare also designed to accept copperas well as Hep2O® pipe, enablingrigid and flexible systems to bemixed if required.

The Hep2O® System incorporatesa comprehensive range of spigottees and spigot manifold fittings,offering 360º rotation, that can beused individually or in groups toenhance systems based onconventional UK design.

The Hep2O® System

4

Standard PipeHep2O® Standard Pipe is made frompolybutylene in straight coiled or cutlengths, and manufactured to BS 7291:Parts 1 and 2, Class S.

Hep2O® Standard Pipe allows a verysmall amount of oxygen (not air) toenter the system but is negligiblecompared with that which can enter viaheader tanks, valve glands and pumps.

Demountable FittingsHep2O® Demountable fittings aremade predominently from polybutylene.

3 precision-made internal componentsensure that the push-fitted joint is robustand watertight yet remains rotatable and,if required, easily dismantled.

Barrier PipeHep2O® Barrier Pipe has a layer ofethylene vinyl alcohol that prevents thediffusion of oxygen through the pipewall. The barrier layer also has a fineadhesive coating on each side thusmaking 5 layers in total.

Hep2O® Barrier Pipe, available instraight coiled or cut lengths, is coveredby Agrément Certificate 92/2823 andmanufactured to BS 7291: Parts 1 and 2,Class S.

Conduit PipeHep2O® Conduit Pipe is made fromflexible polypropylene. It forms part of theHep2O® Conduit System that allowspipes to be withdrawn for inspection.

SlimLine FittingsHep2O® SlimLine fittings are madepredominently from PVDF.

4 precision-made internal componentsensure that the push-fit joint is robustand watertight yet remains rotatable butcannot be dismantled.

Pipe in Pipe SystemHep2O® Pipe in Pipe systemincorporates Hep2O® 15mm BarrierPipe in a pre-sheathed plastics Conduitready for underscreed installation, savingtime and effort.

Barrier Layer

Fine Adhesive Coating

Fine Adhesive Coating

5

Retaining Cap

‘O’ Ring

Wedge Support Ring

Grab Wedge

Pipe Support SleeveHep2O® pipe

Ultrasonically Welded Cap

Spacer Washer

‘O’ Ring

Grab Ring

Spacer Washer

Hep2O® pipePipe Support Sleeve

The Hep2O® System

6

The Basics of Cutting and Jointing

Stage 4

Tug back on the pipe to ensure thegrab wedge engages correctly.

Do not undo the retaining cap afterpipe insertion.

Stage 3

Push the pipe firmly into the pre-lubricated fitting.

A secure joint has been made whenthe end of the retaining cap hasreached the next ‘V’ mark on the pipe.

Never knock the fitting onto thepipe, or slacken the retaining capprior to pipe insertion as theseactions will not ease jointing.

Stage 2

Ensure the pipe end is clean, andfree from burrs and surface damage.

Insert a Hep2O® Support Sleeve(HX60) into the pipe end.

Stage 1

Use only Hep2O® Pipe Cutters(types HD74, HD75, HD77 orHD78) to cut the pipe. Never use ahacksaw.

Wherever possible, cut the pipe atthe ‘V’ marks provided.

To ensure a clean, square cut, rotatethe pipe whilst maintaining pressureon the cutter until the pipe issevered.

7

Wash hand basin 10mm

Bath

Wash hand basin 15mm

Washing machine/dishwasher Sink

W.C.

Cylinder cupboard

Boiler

Cylinder cupboard

Typical Plumbing Connections

The Benefits of Hep2O®

8

Installation Benefits

Straight Coil Technology

Straight coiled Hep2O® pipes aredispensed from their packaging in acontrolled manner, only releasingthe amount of pipe required.

Less Jointing

Supplied in 25, 50 and 100 metrecoils, Hep2O® pipework can becabled in long continuous runs,therefore:

• fewer straight connectors and90º bends are needed, as the pipeis flexible.

• less risk of installer error.

• minimises potential reduction inoperational water flow rates.

• fewer weak points in the system.

Low Wastage

Supplied in lengths of 25, 50 and100 metres, fewer short ends ofHep2O® pipe are created whenpipes are cut to length.

Measured and Cut In-Situ

During installation, Hep2O® pipecan be held alongside a fitting, cut atthe insertion depth, and theninserted into the fitting.This:

• reduces installation time, especiallywhere bends are required.

• eliminates setting up of ‘dry runs’usually required for rigid systems.

Cabling Ability

The flexibility of Hep2O® enablespipework to be threaded or ‘cabled’through holes in the centre of joistswithout the need for top notching.As a result:

• flooring boards can be laid beforepipes are installed.

• balancing on open joists is nolonger necessary.

• the risk of pipes being damagedby nails during or afterconstruction is eliminated.

• other trades can progress morequickly and safely.

• there will be less contact noisefrom expanding heating pipesbecause a hole drilled throughthe centre of a joist can be twicethe size allowed for a notch.

High Impact Resistance

Hep2O® pipes resist impact bymomentarily deforming and thenreturning to shape.

Rotatable Fittings

Hep2O® fittings will rotate evenunder pressure, allowing for flexibleinstallation practices, and includes:

• folding back valves when not inuse to create more space incylinder cupboards.

• designing pumps to swing out ofinaccessible positions withoutbeing disconnected.

Easily Handled

Supplied in coils and about onequarter the weight of lengths ofrigid copper pipe, Hep2O® is:

• easier to carry and manoeuvre onsite and requires 40% less spacefor storage.

• lighter and easier to manoeuvrewhen installing long runs of pipe.

‘Less Risk’ Jointing

Hep2O® fittings do not requiresoldered joints. As a result:

• no naked flame to potentiallyharm people or damage property.

• no build-up of noxious fumeswithin confined spaces.

• Hep2O® is a clean installation asno flux is needed, keeping handsfree of dirt and reducingcontamination of other fittings.

Jointing Compatibility

Hep2O® pipe and fittings aredesigned to be compatible withtraditional pipe materials andjointing techniques.

9

Performance Benefits

No Scale Build-Up

The smooth bore of Hep2O® pipes,and also their tendency to expand,prevents accumulations of lime scalewhen used in hard water areas.Therefore:

• the pipes will retain their borethroughout their life.

• maintenance costs are reduced.

• fuel costs are reduced.

Corrosion Free

In soft water areas Hep2O® pipeswill remain corrosion free.

No Burst Pipes

Hep2O® pipe will accommodatethe increase in volume that happenswhen water changes to ice, andthen return to its original shapeduring a thaw, ready again toaccommodate further freezing.

Quieter in Use

The flexible nature of polybutyleneresults in Hep2O® installationsbeing almost silent. This is due to:

• the use of bends as an integralpart of the pipe length, instead of90º elbows, which creates lessturbulence in the system againreducing noise levels. (1)

• less contact noise betweenexpanding heating pipes andadjacent construction because ofgenerous sized cabling holes. (2)See also ‘Cabling Ability’.

• the drastic reduction of noiseproblems associated with ‘waterhammer’.

Solder Free

The robust push-fit mechanismrequires no need for solder, therebyensuring that a Hep2O® installationconforms to the requirements ofthe Water Regulations.

Cooler to the Touch

The lower diffusivity of polybutylenerelative to that of copper results inpipework being cooler to the touch.

This property also reduces the riskof condensation on cold pipes.

Easily Modified

A cold or hot water system can beeasily extended when using Hep2O®

push-fit plumbing, thereby affordingconsiderable flexibility in design.

Hep2O® Demountable or SlimLinepipe fittings can also be easilyblanked off temporarily duringinstallation for later connection ofservices equipment. (1 and 2)

Last-minute alterations can be madeto joints using Demountable fittings,with the aid of the Wedge RemovalTool (HX79) obtainable fromHepworth. (3)

Suitable for Potable Water

Hep2O® polybutylene pipe andfittings do not taint or reduce thequality of potable water.

2

1

3

1

2

Hep2O® Product Selector

10

Pipes

Demountable Fittings

SlimLine Fittings

Auxiliary Fittings

Straight Connector(p.14)

Socket Reducer(p.14)

Adaptor(p.14)

Double SpigotReducer(p.15)

Elbow 90º(p.15)

Elbow 90ºSingle Socket(p.15)

Equal Tee(p.16)

End Reduced Tee(p.16)

Branch Reduced Tee(p.17)

Branch Reduced Tee -Spigot(p.17)

Branch & One EndReduced Tee(p.17)

Tank Connectorfor cold water use only(p.18)

Bent Tap Connector(p.18)

Straight TapConnector(p.18)

Straight Coiled PipeStandard(p.12)

Straight Coiled PipeBarrier(p.12)

Cut LengthStandard(p.13)

Cut LengthBarrier(p.13)

Pipe in Pipe System(p.13)

Straight Connector(p.19)

Socket Reducer(p.19)

Elbow 90º(p.19)

Elbow 90ºSingle Socket(p.20)

Equal Tee(p.20)

End Reduced Tee(p.20)

Branch Reduced Tee(p.21)

Branch & One EndReduced Tee(p.21)

Straight TapConnector(p.21)

Bent Tap Connector(p.22)

Blanking Plug(p.22)

Adaptor -Male BSP/Hep2O®

(p.23)

Adaptor -Female BSP/Hep2O®

(p.23)

Adaptor - Male BSP/Hep2O®

(p.23)

Adaptor -Female BSP/Hep2O®

(p.24)

Draincock(p.24)

Adaptor -Tap Connector(p.24)

Wall Plate Elbow(p.25)

Cylinder Connector(p.25)

Gate Valve - Hot/Cold(p.25)

Stopcock - Cold Water,Hep2O®/Hep2O®

(p.26)

Bend 135ºSingle Socket(p.16)

11

Ancillary Items

Routabout System

Conduit System

Accessories

Stopcock - Cold Water,Hep2O®/MDPE(p.26)

Shut-off Valve -Hot/Cold, Not ForCentral Heating(p.27)

Appliance Valve -Hot/Cold, Not ForCentral Heating(p.27)

Thermostatic RadiatorValve(p.27)

Radiator or LockshieldValve(p.28)

Radiator Draincock(p.28)

Double-Check Valve(p.28)

Two Port Manifold -Closed Spigot(p.29)

Two Port Manifold -All Socket(p.29)

Four Port Manifold -Closed Spigot(p.29)

Four Port Manifold -All Socket(p.30)

Four Port Manifold -Closed Spigot, PortsOne Side(p.30)

Four Port Manifold -All Socket, Ports OneSide(p.30)

Radiator Connectors& Escutcheon Plates(p.31)

Pipe Step Over(p.31)

Pipe Support Sleeve(p.32)

Pipe Clip - Screw Type(p.32)

Pipe Clip Spacer(p.32)

Pipe Clip - Cable Type(p.33)

Fitting Clip(p.33)

Conical Tap ConnectorWasher(p.33)

Blanking Peg -Demountable Fittings(p.34)

Wedge Removal Tool -Demountable Fittings(p.34)

Spacer Ring(p.40)

Cutter(p.40)

Template(p.40)

Copper Pipe Cut EndProtector(p.35)

Conduit Pipe(p.36)

Conduit Junction Box(p.36)

Conduit Terminal(p.37)

Terminal Back Plate(p.36)

Cold Forming BendFixture(p.38)

Pipe Cutters(p.38)

Hep2O® Joint Test Kit(p.39)

Flat Tap ConnectorWasher(p.34)

‘O’ Ring Seal(p.35)

Lever Ball Valve(p.26)

Grab Wedge(p.35)

Hep2O® Central Heating& Water ServicesCalculator(p.39)

All product dimensions on the following Product Range pages, are in mm unless otherwise stated

Hep2O® Product Range

12

Hep2O® Pipes

Straight Coiled Pipe - Standard

Straight Coiled Pipe - Barrier

Code Nominal Diameter A BHXP50/10 10 50m 1.65

HXP100/10 10 100m 1.65

HXP25/15 15 25m 1.85

HXP50/15 15 50m 1.85

HXP100/15 15 100m 1.85

HXP25/22 22 25m 2.15

HXP50/22 22 50m 2.15

Code Nominal Diameter A BHXX50/10 10 50m 1.65

HXX100/10 10 100m 1.65

HXX25/15 15 25m 1.85

HXX50/15 15 50m 1.85

HXX100/15 15 100m 1.85

HXX25/22 22 25m 2.15

HXX50/22 22 50m 2.15

HXX25/28 28 25m 2.75

HXX50/28 28 50m 2.75

A

B

A

B

All dimensions are in mm unless otherwise stated

Hep2O® Pipes

13

Cut Lengths - Standard

Cut Lengths - Barrier

Pipe in Pipe System

Code Nominal Diameter A BHXP03/15 15 3m 1.85

HXP06/15 15 6m 1.85

HXP03/22 22 3m 2.15

HXP06/22 22 6m 2.15

HXP03/28 28 3m 2.75

HXP06/28 28 6m 2.75

Code Nominal Diameter A BHXX03/15 15 3m 1.85

HXX06/15 15 6m 1.85

HXX03/22 22 3m 2.15

HXX06/22 22 6m 2.15

HXX03/28 28 3m 2.75

HXX06/28 28 6m 2.75

Code Nominal Diameter A BHXXC2515 15 25m 1.85

HXXC5015 15 50m 1.85

A

B

A

B

A

B



14

Hep2O® Demountable Fittings

Straight Connector

Socket Reducer

Adaptor

Code Nominal Diameter A BHD1/10 10 57 24

HD1/15 15 62 31

HD1/22 22 65 39

HD1/28 28 76 48

Code Nominal Diameter A B XHD2/15 15 53 24 28

HD2/22 22 63 31 31

HD2/28 28 70 39 38

Code Nominal Diameter A BHD3A/22 22 61 39

B

A

B

X

A

B

A



15

Double Spigot Reducer

Elbow 90º

Elbow 90º Single Socket

Code Nominal Diameter A B C DHX310/15 (Plastics) 15 51 23 10 15

HX42/10 (Brass) 10 40 19 8 10

HX42/28 (Plastics) 28 67 30 22 28

Code Nominal Diameter A BHD5/10 10 43 31

HD5/15 15 53 37

HD5/22 22 66 43

HD5/28 28 75 52

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHD4/10 10 37 28 34

D

B

C

A

CB

A

A

B

HX310/15

HX42/10



16


Equal Tee

End Reduced TeeEnd Reduced Tee

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D XHD10/10 10 63 31 7 43 15

HD10/15 15 75 38 9 54 19

HD10/22 22 85 42 12 61 25

HD10/28 28 105 53 16 75 30

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D E XHD12/22 22 84 42 12 62 15 26

HD12/28 28 96 53 16 76 22 31

X

A

B

DC

X

DB

A

C

E

Bend 135º Single Socket

Code Nominal Diameter A B C DHD8/10 10 51.3 35 23 24

HD8/15 15 64.8 41 30.5 31

HD8/22 22 73.6 45 34 39

A

DB

C



17

Branch Reduced Tee

Branch Reduced Tee - Spigot

Branch and One End Reduced Tee

Branch Reduced Tee

Branch & One End Reduced Tee


HD15/22 22 81 33 9 56 15 54


HD14/22 22 76 40 12 60 15 18

HD14A/22 22 68 40 16 59 10 13

HD14/28 28 89 45 17 67 22 25


HD13/22 22 77 40 13 60 15 17

HD13A/22 22 73 40 16 58 10 12

HD13/28 28 98 45 18 77 22 23

HD13A/28 28 96 46 18 71 15 16

X

E

A

B

D C

E

X

C

A

D

B

E

X

A

B

D C

E



18


Straight Tap Connector

Bent Tap Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHD25A/15 15 56 29 1/2” BSP

HD25B/15 15 56 29 3/4” BSP

HD25B/22 22 58 30 3/4” BSP

Code Nominal Diameter A B C DHD27/15 15 52 48 1/2” BSP 37C

B

D

A

C

B

A

Tank ConnectorTank Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D XHX20/15 15 55 34 3/4” BSP 13 22

HX20/22 22 57 41 1” BSP 12 24

B C

D

A

X


Hep2O® SlimLine Fittings

19

Straight Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A BHX1/10 10 43 19

HX1/15 15 52 25

HX1/22 22 54 32

Code Nominal Diameter A B XHX2/15 15 47 19 24

HX2/22 22 52 25 24

Socket Reducer

Elbow 90º


HX5/15 15 47 34

HX5/22 22 55 39

A

B

A

B

A

B

X



20


Elbow 90º Single Socket

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX4/10 10 37 27 33

HX4/15 15 57 36 45

HX4/22 22 64 39 51

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D XHX10/10 10 55 27 7 37 14

HX10/15 15 68 34 9 47 17

HX10/22 22 77 39 12 55 24

Equal Tee

End Reduced Tee

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D E XHX12/22 22 77 39 12 55 15 25

A

CB

A

B

CD

X

A

B

CD

X

E


21



HX13/22 22 70 35 12 54 15 17

Branch Reduced Tee

Branch & One End Reduced Tee


Straight Tap Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX25A/15 15 53 18 1/2” BSP

HX25B/15 15 45 24 3/4” BSP

A

B

CD

X

E

A

B

CD

X

E

A

C

B



22


Bent Tap Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX27/15 15 49 46 1/2” BSP

Blanking Plug


HX41/22 22 66 22 24

A

C

B

A

B C


23

Hep2O® Auxiliary Fittings

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D EHX29/15 15 47 31 26 1/2” BSP 15

HX29/22 22 51 39 30 3/4” BSP 17

HX29/28 28 57 48 36 1” BSP 20

Adaptor - Male BSP/Hep2O® Socket

Adaptor - Female BSP/Hep2O® Socket

Code Nominal Diameter A B C XHX28/15 15 50 26 25 18

HX24/15 15 49 30 30 19

HX28/22 22 53 30 30 19

HX28/28 28 63 36 36 24

Adaptor - Male BSP/Hep2O® Spigot

Code Nominal Diameter A B C DHX31/15 15 50 23 23 16

HX31/22 22 53 25 30 28

HX31/28 28 68 31 36 39

C D

E

B

A

C

B

X

A

C

A

D

B



24


Adaptor - Female BSP/Hep2O® Spigot


HX30/22 22 50 21 30 19

HX30/28 28 63 26 36 23

Draincock


Adaptor - Tap Connector

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX39/15 15 1/2” BSP 18 3/8” BSP

A

B

C

D

D

C

A

B

A

B

C


25


Wall Plate Elbow

Code Nominal Diameter A B C XHX6/15 15 42 37 25 15

HX6/22 22 51 40 29 17

Cylinder Connector


Gate Valve - Hot/Cold

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D XHX35/15 15 75 65 31 50 29

HX35/22 22 86 76 39 50 36

A

C

B

A

XC

B

C

D

A

X

B

• This product is suitable for central heating



26


Stopcock - Hep2O®/Hep2O®


HX36/22 22 102 91

Stopcock - Hep2O®/MDPE


B

A

A

B

Lever Ball Valve


HX22/22 22 96 60 142A

C

B

• This product is for cold water use only

• This product is for cold water use only

• This product is suitable for central heating


27


Shut-off Valves - Hot/Cold

Code Nominal Diameter A BHX37H/15 15 94 50

HX37C/15 15 94 50

Appliance Valves - Hot/Cold

Code Nominal Diameter A BHX38H/15 15 89 53

HX38C/15 15 89 53

Thermostatic Radiator Valve


HX71/15 15 132 77 35

A

C

B

A

B

A

B

• This product is not for use with central heating

• Indicator disc is reversible to denote hot or cold water

• This product is not for use with central heating

• Indicator disc is reversible to denote hot or cold water



28


Radiator or Lockshield Valve

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX73/10 10 68 39 1/2” BSP

HX73/15 15 78 49 1/2” BSP

Radiator Draincock

Code Nominal Diameter A B C DHX23/15 15 64 59 1/2” BSP 1/2” BSP

Double-Check Valve

Code Nominal Diameter A B CHX72/10 (Brass) 10 103 26 10

HX72/15 (Plastics) 15 112 37 15

HX72/22 (Brass) 22 133 41 22

B

C

A

D

B

AC

A

B C


29


Two Port Manifold - Closed Spigot


Two Port Manifold - All Socket

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D E XHX92B/22 22 87 74 37 31 10 31

Four Port Manifold - Closed Spigot

Code Nominal Dia A B C D E F XHX94/22 22 123 74 39 40 30 10 31

DX

E

B

A

C

B

X

C

A

D

E

X

C

A

B

DE

F F



30


Four Port Manifold - All Socket

Code Nominal Dia A B C D E F XHX94B/22 22 118 74 38 31 30 10 31

Four Port Manifold - Closed Spigot, Ports One Side

Code Nominal Dia A B C D E F XHX96/22 22 184 56 38 38 30 10 31

Four Port Manifold - All Socket, Ports One Side

Code Nominal Dia A B C D E F XHX96B/22 22 178 56 38 31 30 10 31

X

A

C

B

E D

F F

C D

A

B

E

X

F

C

A

X

E

B

F D


31


Radiator Connectors & Escutcheon Plates

Code Nominal Dia A BHX77/10 (straight connector) 10 300 –

HX78/10 (swept connector) 10 200 200

HX83/10 (escutcheon plate) 10 50 10

HX83/15 (escutcheon plate) 15 55 15

Pipe Step Over


HX82/22 22 475 55

A

B

B

BA

A

A

Swept connector

Straight connector

Escutcheon



32

Hep2O® Ancillary Items

Pipe Support Sleeve


HX60/15 15 29 15

HX60/22 22 31 22

HX60/28 28 35 28

Pipe Clip - Screw Type


HX85/22 22 22 32

HX85/28 28 25 32

Pipe Clip Spacer


HX86/22 22 22 32

A

B

A

B

A

B


33


Pipe Clip - Cable Type


HX65/15 15 20 17 9.5

HX65/22 22 27 21 13

HX65/28 28 29 23 15

Fitting Clip


Conical Tap Connector Washer


HX57/22 22 23 19 3

A

B

C

A

B

C

AC

C

B



34


Blanking Peg - Demountable Fittings


HX44/15 15 20 22 15 9

HX44/22 22 26 23 22 10

HX44/28 28 32 30 28 11

Wedge Removal Tool - Demountable Fittings


HX79/15 15 15 60 75

HX79/22 22 22 60 73

HX79/28 28 28 60 71

Flat Tap Connector Washer


HX58/22 22 18 2

A

B

D

C

A

B

C

A

B


35

Copper Pipe Cut End Protector


HX61/22 22 22 4 20


‘O’ Ring Seal


HX51/15 15 14 4

HX51/22 22 21 3

HX51/28 28 27 3

A

B

C

A

B

B

Grab Wedge


HX46/15 15 20 7

HX46/22 22 26 8

HX46/28 28 32 13

A

B



36

Hep2O® Conduit System

Conduit Pipe

Code Nominal Diameter AHXC25/15 15 25m

HXC50/15 15 50m

HXC25/22 22 25m

HXC50/22 22 50m

Conduit Junction Box & Lid

Code A B C D E F GHX100 (box) 377 202 75 340 322 165 150

HX104 (lid) 372 197 – – – – –

Terminal Back Plate

Code A B C DHX103 360 280 46 20

A

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

A

CD

B

• This product is for use with HX6/15, HX6/22 and HX101/15


37

Conduit Terminal


Hep2O® Conduit System

B

A

C



38

Hep2O® Accessories

Cold Forming Bend Fixture

Code Nominal Diameter A B C D EHX75/15 15 160 160 126 126 120

HX75/22 22 258 258 206 206 176

Pipe Cutters

Code Type For Pipe DiameterHD74 Standard 28 max

HD75 Procutter 28 max

HD77 Ratchet 42 max

HD78 Ratchet 28 max

A

B

E

D

C

Procutter HD75 (plastic)

Standard cutter HD74 (metal)

Ratchet cutter HD78


39

Hep2O® Accessories

Hep2O® Central Heating & Water Services Calculator

Code DescriptionHX80 Complete with protective case

Hep2O® Joint Test Kit

Code DescriptionHX81 Robust metal construction

HX81A Replacement seals



40

Hep2O® Routabout System

Routabout Spacer Ring

Code A BHX404 250 18

HX405 250 22

Routabout Cutter

Code A BHX406 1/4” 18

HX407 1/2” 18

HX408 1/4” 22

HX409 1/2” 22

Routabout Rotating Template

Code A B CHX410 266 244 122

C

B

A

A

B

A

B


41

Hep2O® Performance Data

Strength and Durability

Pull-out resistance

BS 7291: Part 2: 2001 provides a testprocedure for assessing the pull-outstrengths of pipes from fittings.

Hep2O® pipes and fittings havebeen tested and offer resistances inexcess of these requirements.

The levels required by BS 7291: 2001are shown in Table 1.

Hydrostatic pressure resistanceand life expectancy

The ability of a pipe to resist waterpressure depends upon the tensilestrength of the material, whichvaries with temperature.

Hep2O® pipe has been tested toresist various pressures at varioustemperatures representing normaloperating life cycles. Refer to Table 2.

Hep2O® pipes and fittings conformto the long term hydrostaticstrength tests as detailed in BS 7291:Part 1: 2001, Clause 6.3.

A life expectancy of not less than 50years can be extrapolated from thisdata, and is based on the range ofintermittent flow temperatures thatthese systems would normallyexperience, ranging between 12 bar20ºC and 6 bar 90ºC.

Short exposure to temperatures upto 100ºC resulting fromthermostat/system malfunction willnot cause failure, but may shortenthe long term design life of thesystem.

Thermal cycling

Thermal cycling - the rise and fall inwater temperature during normaloperation - also induces differentand additional stresses on pipes andjoints.

Hep2O® conforms to therequirements of a thermal cyclingtest schedule, to prove the strengthsof a plumbing system, as detailed inBS 7291: Part 1: 2001.The scheduleis set out in Table 3.

Nominal outside pipe diameter BS safe maximum pull-out force

10mm 380N *

15mm 705N *

22mm 1190N *

28mm 1960N *

Table 1 BS 7291: 2001 Pull-Out Force Requirements

Table 2 Operating Temperatures and Pressures

Peak life cycle operating

temperatures Short malfunction

20ºC 30ºC 40ºC 50ºC 60ºC 70ºC 80ºC 90ºC at 100ºC

Safe pressures

Bar 12 11.5 11 10.5 9 8 7 6 3.5

psi 174 167 160 152 131 116 102 87 51

Head of water (m) 120 115 110 105 90 80 70 60 35

Hot water Cold water Min pressure No. of cycles

Inlet temp Duration Inlet temp Duration Bar psi m/head

83 ± 2ºC 20 mins 15 ± 5ºC 10 mins 3.5 88.2 60 5000

114 ± 2ºC 20 mins 15 ± 5ºC 10 mins 6 88.2 60 1000

105 ± 2ºC 20 mins 15 ± 5ºC 10 mins 3.5 88.2 60 5000

Table 3 Thermal Cycling

*From BS 7291: Part 2: 2001,Table C1

Effects of Fire

Flammability and burning

In common with most other organicpolymers and materials used in themanufacturing and constructionindustries, polybutylene will burn. Itis difficult to ignite, however, and isdefined as combustible but nothighly flammable.

Fire protection

Polybutylene pipe, less than 50mm indiameter, does not need to besleeved in intumescent material whenpassing through a fire resistant wall.


42

Flexibility

Modulus of elasticity

Modulus of elasticity is a measure ofthe ability of a material to cope withstresses.

The modulus of elasticity ofpolybutylene is 400-450N/mm2.Compared to other materials,including other plastics, this value isvery low. For example, for PVC it is2410N/mm2 and for copper129800N/mm2.

This means that polybutylene is notdifficult to bend and expansionstresses are low. However,polybutylene is unusual in combiningflexibility with toughness even atelevated temperatures andpressures, ensuring that Hep2O®

meets the demands of modernheating installations.

Manipulation of pipework

Hep2O® pipe can be bent manuallywithout heating for unsupportedbends to a minimum radius of eighttimes the pipe’s outside diameter.This removes the need to insert a90º elbow fitting and results in areduction in loss of head (i.e. a15mm elbow equates to an extra0.5m on the pipe run).

The durability of Hep2O® pipe andits ability to stretch without damage,allows the minimum bend to bemade cold, without causing ‘kinking’on the inside, nor collapse on theoutside of a bend. A reduction ofthe bore is thereby minimised. Referto Figure 1 and Table 4.

Where support bends are neededfor 15mm and 22mm outsidediameter pipes, the use of a ColdForming Bend Fixture (HX75) willgive a radius of eight times the pipediameter, again minimising the loss ofhead in a system. Refer to Figure 2and Table 5.

Dependent on its diameter, pipe isavailable in coils of up to 100metres (see Product Range section,page 12), which facilitates handlingand transportation.

Site handling is also made easier asthis flexibility enables the pipe to bebent around corners and withinconfined spaces.

Hep2O® pipes will not suffer fatiguestress damage through normalvibration.

Weight

Hep2O® pipe is approximately 1/4the weight of copper pipe permetre as indicated in Table 6.

A

Nominal dia (mm) 10 15 22 28

A (mm) 80 120 176 224

Table 4 Minimum Unsupported Cold-Bend Radii

Nominal dia (mm) 15 22

A (mm) 120 176

Table 5 Cold Form Bend Radii

AFigure 1 Minimum unsupported cold-bendradii

Figure 2 Cold form bend radii

Thermal expansion

Hep2O® pipes expand when thetemperature is raised.

The flexibility of the pipe meansthat the expansion is spread evenlyalong a pipe run eliminatingdamaging movement at a criticalfixed point in the system.

When hot, the pipe’s expansioncreates undulations, though itsformer length is resumed after thetemperature has dropped.

Exposed pipe runs should thereforebe boxed in to avoid unsightlytemporary distortion.

The coefficient of thermal expansionof polybutylene is 1.3 x 10-4/m/ºC.This means that the pipe expands by1.3mm per metre of pipe for every10ºC temperature rise.

Example:

Calculate the amount of expansionof a 2.4 metre pipe installed at 20ºCwhen running at 80ºC.

0.00013 x 2400 x 60 = 18.72mm

Where the pipe is totally restrainedin a concrete floor (e.g. asunderfloor heating), the stresses areso low that they are absorbed bythe material.


Weight (g/m)

Hep2O 41 75 126 210

Copper 183 281 534 683

Table 6 Hep2O® and Copper PipeWeight Comparison

43

Thermal Characteristics

Thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity (k) ofpolybutylene is 0.22W/mK which islow relative to copper. This property,coupled with the approximately 2mmthick pipe walls of Hep2O®, meansthat:

• the pipe is safe to touch evenwhen conveying water at 60ºC.

• the pipe does not radiate heatquickly, and so will not cool quickly,thereby delivering hot water.

Melting point

The melting point of polybutylene is125ºC, and as a result, blow lampsmust never be played on Hep2O®

pipes and fittings.

However, the Vicat softening point, at116-117ºC, is well above the boilingpoint of water and is also greaterthan the overheat control of gas andoil boilers (approximately 95ºC).

Connections to boilers

Where boilers incorporate acopper heat exchanger and theconnections are made outside thecasing, Hep2O® can be connecteddirectly to the boiler via thecompression nut, if this is locatedmore than 350mm from the heatsource. Typically, these boilerscontain high limit cut-outthermostats and generally have alow water content. See page 51.

Special installation procedures onlyapply for solid fuel boilers, othercast iron heat exchange boilers, orwhere the first connection is madeinside the boiler casing. In theseinstances, where the heat outputmay be uncontrolled, a 1 metre runof copper pipe should be usedbetween the boiler and the start ofthe Hep2O® system. See page 51.

All boiler connections should bemade in accordance with therequirements of BS 5955: Part 8.

Solder joints

When soldering HX42/10 (a brassdouble spigot reducer in theDemountable range), ensure thatthe solder joint is completed firstand has fully cooled before makingthe push-fit connection.

Freezing temperatures

Hep2O® maintains its flexibility intemperatures down to -15ºC. Thisproperty significantly reduces thelikelihood of bursts, even at sub-zerotemperatures, when the pipework hasfrozen and the water has expanded involume by becoming ice.

Hep2O® pipe accepts this expansionwithout fracturing, and resumes itsoriginal size after a thaw.

Thermal Insulation

Thermal diffusivity

Thermal diffusivity is the rate of heatdiffusion throughout a material.Thegreater the value the greater the heatdiffusion. The thermal diffusivity of amaterial depends on its thermalconductivity, density and specific heat.

Although Hep2O® has a lowerdiffusivity than copper, its insulationrequirements are the same as thoseof copper and should comply withBS 6700, BS 5422 and the WaterRegulations.

Frost protection

The minimum thicknesses ofinsulation to delay freezing are givenin Table 7.

Pipework that is potentially exposedto freezing conditions and thereforerequires insulation would typicallybe found in the following areas:

• unheated roof spaces.

• unheated cellars.

• unheated outbuildings.

• near windows, airbricks,ventilators, etc.

• in chases or ducts formed inoutside walls.

Central heating installations

Minimum thicknesses of insulationfor central heating installations aregiven in Table 8. The figures arebased on the temperaturedifferential of 75ºC hot face to 20ºCambient air.

Gas and oil fired domestic hotwater installations

The recommended minimumthicknesses of insulation fordomestic hot water pipework isgiven in Table 9. The figures arebased on the temperaturedifferential of 60ºC hot face to 20ºCambient air.

Indoor (k) Outdoor (k)

0.035 0.04 0.055 0.035 0.04 0.055

Pipe diameter (mm) Insulation (mm) Insulation (mm)

15 22 32 50 27 38 63

22 22 32 50 27 38 63

28 22 32 50 27 38 63

Table 7 Frost Protection

0.04 (k) 0.55 (k) 0.07 (k)

Pipe diameter (mm) Insulation (mm)

15 19 25 25

22 25 25 25

28 25 25 25

Table 8 Central Heating InstallationsInsulation Thicknesses

0.04 (k) 0.55 (k) 0.07 (k)

Pipe diameter (mm) Insulation (mm)

15 25 32 32

22 25 32 32

28 25 32 32

Table 9 Gas & Oil Fired DomesticHot Water InstallationsInsulation Thicknesses


44

Corrosion and ChemicalEffects

Corrosion and oxygen diffusion

Corrosion of metals is a hazard ininstallations, therefore it is essentialthat the water oxygen content iskept to an absolute minimum.

Oxygen will almost always bepresent in any system as it can enterthrough a variety of points, such asopen header tanks, threaded joints,valves and pumps. However,Hep2O® Barrier Pipe will ensurethat oxygen ingress through the pipewall is kept to a minimum.

All heating circuits, whatever thetype of pipe used, should beprotected by an inhibitor, and thenany oxygen entering the system willhave no adverse effects.

Hep2O® pipe is unaffected by bothacidic (soft) water or alkaline (hard)water, the most common reasonsfor copper pipe corrosion in all-metal pipework.

Contact with chemicals

Hep2O® is not damaged by shortterm contact with other chemicalscommonly found in a domesticenvironment. These chemicalsinclude: paraffin, diesel oil, carbontetrachloride, bleaches, detergents,turpentine, linseed oil, white spirit,water purification softeners,common adhesives, paints, varnishes,sealers, cement, quick lime.

High sustained concentrations ofchlorine will have an adverse effecton all plastics pipe. However, suchconcentrations are not usuallyexperienced within the UK watersupply which are very low (less than0.5 ppm). At these levels, undernormal operating conditions therewill be no adverse effect on the lifeexpectancy of the Hep2O® system.Short term chlorination fordisinfection will not have an adverseeffect on the system.

However, Hep2O® should not beused in installations where sustainedabove average chlorine levels can beanticipated such as swimming pools.

If long term contact is suspected,the Hepworth Plumbing ProductsTechnical Advisory Service shouldbe consulted on 01709 856406.

Scale resistance

Hep2O® pipe is unaffected by bothacidic (soft) water or alkaline (hard)water, the most common reasonsfor copper pipe scale build-up in all-metal pipework.

In hard water areas, scale or furbuild-up inside Hep2O® pipes isresisted by the exceptionallysmooth finish and cleanly abuttingsurfaces within joints. The bore ofthe pipework will therefore bemaintained almost indefinitely, as thescale will not adhere to it.

Hep2O® pipe and fittings have beentested by the Water ResearchCentre and have been found tocomply with the requirements of theWater Regulations. The pipes andfittings will not waste nor imparttaint, taste or odour to water.

Biological

Organic growth

Hep2O® does not encourage thegrowth of micro-organisms, as listedin the Water Fittings and MaterialsDirectory 0112066. Polybutylenesatisfies the requirements of BS 6920.

Rodent attack

Hep2O® does not specificallyattract rodents. However, if theinstallation is in an area where thereis a high risk of rodent attack,Hep2O® like other piping andelectrical cables should be ducted toensure no damage can be caused.

Ultra-violet LightExternal Hep2O® installations mustbe adequately covered to avoid longexposure to sunlight.

Hep2O® pipe is delivered inSmartPackTM protective wrappingthat should not be opened until thepipe is ready for installation.

Opacity

Hep2O® materials conform withthe opacity requirements of BS 7291: Part 1: 2001, Clause 6.7,ensuring that insufficient light passesthrough the pipe walls to allow thegrowth of algae.

AcousticProblems with noise are frequentlyexperienced with systemsincorporating rigid pipes. Hep2O®

pipe does not transmit noise andwith careful installation to reducethe source of noise to a minimum,Hep2O® can be installed to runalmost silently. For example:

• the flexible nature of Hep2O®

pipe prevents high contact forcesbetween pipes and supports,significantly reducing the ‘creaking’commonly associated with thethermal expansion of rigid pipes.

• noise can be caused by pipesknocking together or knocking onhard surfaces in close proximity.Unlike rigid pipes, the inherentelasticity of Hep2O® cushionsthe impact causing less impactnoise and absorbing vibrations,preventing the transmission of anysound along the pipes.

• similarly, noise from ‘water hammer’resulting from abrupt stoppage ofwater flow (typically by closure ofquarter turn valves, solenoids andreverberating ball valves) is normallyabsorbed by Hep2O® and nottransmitted along the pipes.

• noise generated by centralheating pumps is rapidly absorbedby Hep2O® pipes and can besignificantly reduced whencompared with rigid systems.

45

Electrical SafetyHep2O® piping does not conductelectricity.

However, if Hep2O® forms a breakin the continuity of metal pipeworkthat is being used for earthing orbonding, then the break should bere-bonded to both sections of theexisting pipe when cutting and afterinstallation.

Main, supplementary andequipotential bonding

Installers should be aware of themain and supplementary bonding ofelectrical installations where plumbingis carried out with plastics piping.

1. This guidance is given on thebasis that the followingconditions apply. If they do notthen the installation must beconsidered on an individual basis:

• the gas pipe to the boiler ismetallic.

• the hot and cold water servicesare carried out in Hep2O®.

• the central heating pipes areHep2O®.

• the waste pipes from the bath,hand basin,WC, bidet andkitchen sink are plastics.

2. There is no requirement tosupplementary bond the following:

• the bath even if it is metal.

• the kitchen sink.

• central heating radiators.

• bathroom radiators and towelrails heated by a wet centralheating system unless there isless than a 2 metre run ofplastics pipe between them andthe boiler, or between them andany metallic pipe from the boilerto which the radiator plasticspipe is connected.

3. There is no requirement in theabove circumstances to bond asteel sink but it is not incorrectto bond a steel sink to the earthterminal of an adjacent socket.

4. If all the conditions in 1 applythen the following precautionsmust be undertaken.

Items to be mainbonded:

• the consumer’s gas pipe at theservice entry.

• any other services that aremetallic, e.g. heating oil pipes.

• structural steel should be bondedto the main earth terminal.

Items to be supplementary bonded (inthe bathroom):

• the earth terminal of the lightingpoint (rose, luminaire supportcoupling, luminaire).

• the earth terminal of the electricradiant heater (if any).

• the earth terminal of the electricshower water heater (if any).

• the earth terminal of any otherappliance.

There is no need to connect thesupplementary bonding conductorto the main earth bar.

Supplementary bonding in abathroom when Hep2O® andplastics soil and waste pipeshave been installed(Refer to Figure 3)

There is no requirement tosupplementary bond:

• Hep2O® pipes.

• plastic soil and waste pipes.

• visible copper pipes less than0.5m long.

• metal taps.

• metal baths not connected toextraneous conductive parts (i.e.structural steelwork).

However, metal (Class 1) items ofequipment in a bathroom or showerroom (e.g. electric heaters, showersand luminaires) will requiresupplementary bonding ifsimultaneously accessible.

Supplementary bonds must beconnected to the protectiveconductors of each circuit at theaccessory point.

Supplementary bonding in abathroom when metallicservice pipes, soil pipes andwaste pipes have been installed(Refer to Figure 4)

Supplementary bonding will be arequirement for:

• all simultaneously accessiblemetal (Class 1) equipment (e.g.electric heaters and showers).

• central heating pipes.

• hot and cold water pipes.

• waste and soil pipes.

Pipe connections should be madewith BS 951 clamps, complete witha ‘safety electrical connection’ label.

However, metal baths not connectedto a metal building structure do notrequire supplementary bonding if allmetal pipes connected to them havebeen bonded.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Accessible metalluminaire

Hep2O® pipe

Plastic soilpipe

Plastic waste pipes

Hep2O® pipes

Supplementary bond

Supplementary bond

Accessible metalluminaire

Metal soilpipe

Metal pipes

Metal waste pipes

Wall heater

Wall heater

Metal pipe

Shower

Shower

Hep2O® Connections & Compatibility

46

Connection to Metric Copper PipeHep2O® fittings have been designed to form reliable joints with metriccopper tube which conforms to BS EN 1057 - R520. Copper pipes should becut with a wheel cutter. Before jointing, copper pipe ends should beinspected to ensure they are free from burrs or swarf (which could damagethe ‘O’ ring).

It is also possible to connect 10mm BS EN 1057 - R220 copper tube intoHep2O® fittings providing the tube end is carefully prepared. R220 coppertube is ‘soft’ and therefore susceptible to becoming mis-shaped or dented ifit is not handled with care on site. Therefore the R220 tube end should beinspected for any signs of damage prior to jointing, as deformity of the tubecould damage the ‘O’ ring whist jointing, or otherwise affect the joint seal.

R220 tube should be cut with a mini wheel cutter, and then a chamfer shouldbe filed on the pipe. Rinse away the remainder of any copper filings and dry off.

Connection to ImperialCopper PipeWhen connecting to 3/4’’ imperialcopper Hep2O® offers a specialStraight Adaptor (HX3A/22) whichaccepts 22mm pipe at one end and3/4’’ imperial at the other end.

See also fitting detachmentprocedure in System Modification &Maintenance (page 52).

Standard Hep2O® fittings can beused to connect 3/8’’, 1/2’’ and 1’’imperial pipes.

Cut copper pipe using a wheel cutter Inspect ends to ensure they are free fromburrs or swarf

Insert copper end protector (HX61) Mark joint depth on copper pipe beforejointing

Push pipe firmly into fitting Tug back on the pipe to ensure grabwedge engages properly

Straight Adaptor HX3A/22

1 2

3 4

5 6

47

Connection toCompression FittingsHep2O® pipe is suitable forconnecting to compression fittingscomplying with BS EN 1254.

Cut the Hep2O® pipe with therecommended cutters and proceedas shown below.

1

3

2

4

Insert support sleeve into pipe

Ensure pipe is fully inserted

Apply PTFE if required

Tightening nut

Connections Adjacent toCapillary JointsWhen using Hep2O® pipe orfittings adjacent to capillary joints itis preferable to carry out thesoldering work before the Hep2O®

is installed.

If it is not possible to undertake thework in this sequence then thefollowing precautions should beobserved:

• do keep flame or soldering ironsaway from Hep2O®.

• do not allow flux to run ontoHep2O®. Flux runs inside pipemay occur during soldering. Thiseffect can be reduced by notusing excessive amounts of fluxand by applying flux to coppertube end only.

• do not allow hot solder to comeinto contact with Hep2O®.

• to prevent overheating ofHep2O® by conduction of heatalong copper pipe, wherenecessary, wrap a damp clotharound copper pipe to minimisethis effect.

• systems should be flushed withwater to remove any internal fluxresidues.

Connection to ChromePlated Copper orStainless Steel PipeHep2O® fittings cannot beconnected directly to chrome platedcopper or stainless steel, because ofthe relative surface hardness ofthese materials. Thereforecompression fittings should be used.

Connection to BrassSpigotsThe only brass spigots which aresuitable for jointing into Hep2O®

fittings are those within the Hep2O®

range. Brass spigots designed forcompression or capillary joints donot have the necessary joint groovesand are too short.

Connection to Acorn®

Hep2O® is fully compatible with itspredecessor, Acorn® systempreviously manufactured by Bartol,a Hepworth company.

Pre-1984 Acorn® 22mm pipe wasmanufactured with a thicker wall andrequires a different support sleeve. Ifcarrying out remedial work on suchan Acorn® system please contactour Technical Advisory Service.

Internal components of currentHep2O® fittings (Cap, BiTite GrabWedge,Wedge Support Ring and ‘O’Ring) are not in any way compatiblewith original Hep2O® fittingcomponents (Cap, ‘O’ Ring, SpacerWasher and Grab Ring) andtherefore bodies and componentsmust not be mixed.

However, Hep2O® Pipe (Standardor Barrier) is fully compatible withall versions of Hep2O® fittings.

For further advice and informationcontact Hepworth PlumbingProducts’ Technical Advisory Service.

Connection to PlasticPipesHep2O® should not be used inconjunction with othermanufacturers’ plastics pipe andfittings as dimensional tolerances andquality control cannot be guaranteedby Hepworth Plumbing Products.


48

Connection to IncomingService PipesWater may enter a propertythrough a variety of pipe materials.In recently developed properties thewater is typically brought to aresidence in blue MDPE (mediumdensity polyethylene) pipe.However, in renovation of olderproperties this pipe may well bemade of one of a number of metals.The method of converting from theservice pipe to Hep2O® differsdepending on the material of theservice pipe.

The following guidance is applicableto blue MDPE pipe to BS 6572.

For 20mm MDPE use:

• a polyethylene 20 x 1/2’’ BSPmale adaptor (code 20PEAM05).

• a MDPE pipe liner (code 20PELIN).

• Hep2O® female adaptor (code HX30/15).

• Hep2O® stopcock (code HX36/15).

Refer to Figure 5.

For 25mm MDPE use:

• a Hep2O® x MDPE stopcock(code HX43/22).


Refer to Figure 6.

Alternatively if you wish to takeadvantage of the rotatability ofHep2O® joints by turning thestopcock towards the wall whennot in use, then use:

• a polyethylene 25 x 3/4’’ BSP maleadaptor (code 25PEAM07).


• Hep2O® female adaptor (code HX30/22).

• Hep2O® stopcock (code HX36/22).

Refer to Figure 7.

Details of MDPE pipe, fittings andjointing instructions are contained inseparate literature which can beobtained by contacting ourLiterature Service Hotline Tel: 01709856408 Fax: 01709 856409.

Consideration should also be madeof the following:

• where a common supply pipeserves two or more dwellings adouble check valve (code HX72)is required directly after thestopcock in each dwelling tocomply with Water Byelaws.

• a drain-cock (code HX32) shouldbe fitted immediately after thestopcock or after a double checkvalve where provided to complywith Water Regulations.

• for sealing screwed joints onadaptors apply PTFE to threads.

Alternatively a PE (polyethylene) tocopper compression stopcock canbe used. The information on usingcompression fittings on Hep2O®

pipe should be carefully noted.See page 47.

For metal pipes an appropriatestopcock should be used with acompression outlet to 15 or 22mmcopper. Hep2O® can then be fitteddirectly to these outlets carefullynoting details in Connection toCompression Fittings. See page 47.

Figure 5Rotatable stopcock

Figure 6Non-rotatable stopcock

Figure 7Rotatable stopcock

HX30/15Adaptor

20mm MDPE pipe

HX36/15HX43/22

25mm MDPE pipe 25mm MDPE pipe

HX30/22Adaptor

HX36/22

15mm Hep2O® pipe 22mm Hep2O® pipe

22mm Hep2O® pipe

49

Connection to Steel Pipesand Threaded Bosses In order to facilitate connection tomale and female iron threads, fouradaptors (HX28/HX29 SocketAdaptors, HX31/HX30 SpigotAdaptors) are available in theHep2O® range. This enablesconnection to a wide range ofdifferent materials.

Connection to AppliancesWhen connecting to appliances anddishwashers always use Hep2O®

appliance valves (HX38C/15,HX38H/15). The Hep2O®

pipework used to service theseappliances should be clipped inaccordance with the recommendedclipping distances using screw-typeclips (HX85). Refer to page 66.

Connection to Draw-offTaps When connecting to draw-off tapshaving a male threaded ‘tail’ useeither the Demountable or SlimLineHep2O® tap connector. Do notuse any jointing compound on thejointing shoulder, use only thewasher provided. When using thewall plate elbow or the 1/2’’ x 3/8’’BSP adaptor the threads should besealed by applying PTFE tape to themale threads.

HX28

HX29

HX30

HX31

Demountable fitting HD25

Demountable fitting HD27

SlimLine fitting HX25

SlimLine fitting HX27

Wall Plate Elbow (auxiliary fitting HX6)(tap not supplied)

Connecting appliance valves

Appliance valve HX38 (Cold or Hot)

Pipe Clip - Screw type HX85


50

Connection to Ancillaries(Pumps,Valves, etc.)When connecting Hep2O® toancillaries it is important to followthe guidance in the section‘Connection to CompressionFittings’ (Page 47). Due to theflexibility of Hep2O® the pipeworkmust be clipped adjacent to theoutlets of the pumps and valvesusing Hep2O® screw pipe clips(code HX85). This ensuresadequate support and reducesvibration in the majority of cases.

Where it is felt that the weight ofthe pump merits extra support,metal brackets should be used.

Where the size of the pump and/orvalve requires fixing at a greaterdistance from the wall than can beaccommodated by the pipe clipalone, then this can be augmentedwith a pipe spacer (code HX86),which will allow a greater ‘stand-off ’distance whilst maintaining security.

Connection to StorageVessels and Radiators When connecting Hep2O® pipe tocylinders, radiators etc., it is alwaysrecommended that Hep2O® fittingsare used wherever possible.

The Hep2O® range of fittingsincludes thermostatic, wheel headand lockshield radiator valves,double check valves, tankconnectors, gate valves, stopcocksand cylinder connectors.

If the use of compression fittings isunavoidable then the jointinginstructions outlined in the section,‘Connection to CompressionFittings’ (page 47) should becarefully followed.

Do not use jointing compound onthe jointing shoulder of the cylinderconnector; use only PTFE tape.

Do not use any jointing compoundwhen fitting tank connectors, useonly sealing washers (not provided).

Refer to ‘Design Considerations’,page 70, for information on cylindercupboard requirements.

Tank connector

Cylinder connector

Radiator or Lockshield Valve (HX73)

Thermostatic Radiator Valve (HX71)

Radiator or Lockshield Valve (HX73)+

Straight Radiator Connector (HX77)+

Radiator Draincock (HX23)

Connection to pump

51

Connection to Boilers andHeaters Where boilers incorporate a highlimit cut out thermostat, pumpoverrun device, and haveconnections outside the boilercasing 350mm from the heat source,direct connection can be made toHep2O®. Typically these boilerscontain a copper heat exchangerand are low water content boilers.See Figure 8.

Where any one of the abovecriteria for direct connection to aboiler cannot be met a minimumone metre run of copper pipeshould be installed between theboiler and the start of the Hep2O®

system. See Figure 9.

In all cases (including instantaneouswater heaters, caravan heaters etc.)care should be taken to ensure thatappliances have the appropriatethermostatic controls and cut outsto ensure that operating conditionsdo not exceed the temperature andpressure limits laid down for Class Spipe (see Table 2, page 41). For anytype of back boiler all waterconnections should be extendedfrom the appliance to the outside ofthe fireplace opening in coppertube.

In these instances, where the heatoutput may be uncontrolled, aminimum one metre run of copperpipe should be used between theboiler and the start of the Hep2O®

system.

Any gravity circuit of a solid fuelboiler should always be installed incopper.

Regulations require that metal pipebe used as discharge pipe fromtemperature/pressure relief valveson unvented water heaters, to orfrom a tundish or from safety valveson sealed central heating systems.On sealed systems where the safetyvalve is not provided within theboiler casing, the pipe between thesafety valve and the boiler should bein copper.

All boiler connections should bemade in accordance with therequirements of BS 5955: Part 8.

On heating systems where normalcirculation may be drasticallyreduced (eg. thermostatic radiatorvalves fitted throughout), then abypass should be fitted to thecirculation pipework preferablycontrolled by an automaticdifferential pressure bypass valve.

During commissioning it isimportant to ensure that all trappedair is purged from the heatingsystem before the boiler isoperated. ‘Pockets’ of air can affectproper circulation and impair thecorrect operation of boilertemperature controls that couldcause severe overheating.

Figure 9Connection via copper pipe

Boiler with:

• high limit stat.

• pump over-run.

• connections outside casing.

• connections 350mm from heatsource.

Boiler with:

• uncontrolled temperature (i.e. solid fuel).

• connections within casing (cast iron heat exchanger).

Figure 8Direct connection to Hep2O®

350mm minimum

1m minimum

Hep2O® System Modification & Maintenance

52

Re-assembling a Hep2O® joint

To re-assemble the fitting:

• If demounting a fitting, start witha fresh piece of pipe. Cut off pipeat next full ‘V’ mark from end.

• Check each component fordamage. Replacement componentsare available. See HepworthPlumbing Products Price List.

• Ensure all components are clean.

• Apply a small amount ofHep2O® Silicone Lubricant(code HX200) to the ‘O’ ringbefore insertion of fitting.

• Insert the ‘O’ ring into the fittingbody until it rests on the ledge atthe bottom of the socket.

• Place the wedge support ring soit sits above the ‘O’ ring.

• Insert the grab wedge into thewedge support with the flat faceof the grab wedge facing down.

• Replace the retaining cap andhand tighten, ready for use.

Remove the cap and grab wedgefrom the fitting. Push the open endof the blanking peg (HX44) into the‘O’ ring. Replace the cap hand tight.

When ready to continue extendingthe system, remove the cap andblanking peg, re-insert the ‘O’ ringand wedge support ring (ifapplicable) - check the grab wedgeis undamaged.

1 2

3

SlimLine Hep2O®Demountable Hep2O®Demountable Hep2O®

Unscrew the retaining cap and pull thepipe clear of the fitting.

Remove the ‘O’ ring and wedge supportring (if applicable) from the pipe.

Using the wedge removal tool, slide thegrab wedge from the pipe. Provided it isundamaged it can be re-used.

All components fully dismantled.To re-assemble, see above.

Re-using a Hep2O® Demountable Fitting

Dismantling a Hep2O® joint (stages 1 to 4)

4

Alterations to Hep2O® Demountable and SlimLine Fittings

Blanking a Hep2O® Demountable fitting (stages 1 and 2)

21

Blanking a Hep2O® SlimLinefitting

Insert a blanking plug (HX41)directly into the fitting.

When ready to continue extendingthe system, drain the system, cut offthe top of the blanking plug whereindicated and attach the next fitting.

Insert the grab wedge into thefitting with the flat face against thewedge support ring. Replace thecap hand tight.

If the ‘O’ ring pre-lubrication hasbeen removed by handling, it shouldbe replaced with Hep2O® SiliconeLubricant (code HX200)

53

Hep2O® Design Considerations

Introduction

‘Design Considerations’ is intended to provide architects,designers and professional installers with an understanding ofthe wide range of options available to them when specifyingHep2O®, including the correct usage of the components andprocedures to be adopted.

To ensure the successful and efficient performance of Hep2O®

plumbing installations, ‘Design Considerations’ is thereforedivided into 3 sub-sections.

1. Systems Planning (pp 54-70)

Typical domestic plumbing arrangements

Hep2O® underfloor heating

Temperatures and pressures

System sizing procedures and calculation examples

Cabling Hep2O® and drilling through joists

Pipe supports

Manifolds and microbore plumbing

Access to pipes and joints

General locations of pipes

Cylinder cupboard layouts

2. Construction Types & Water Distribution (pp 71-80)

Domestic timber floors

Floor screeds

European construction

Internal drywall systems

Timber and steel framed buildings

Drylined walls

3. Regulations & Guidance (p 81)

A synopsis of the advice and legislation affecting the design and installation ofplumbing layouts


54

Systems Planning

Typical Domestic Plumbing Arrangements

Figure 10 Indirect and vented system

Room thermostat

Motorisedvalve

Controls

Primary circulation pump

Boiler

Cold water storage tankFeed and expansion tank

Service main

55


Figure 11 Direct and sealed (unvented) system

Motorisedvalve

Primary circulation pump

Room thermostatControls

Boiler

Service main


56

Systems Planning


Figure 12 Direct and sealed (unvented) system using combination boiler

Room thermostatCombinationboiler

Service main

57

Introduction

Underfloor heating provides acomfortable, highly energy efficienttype of heating. It delivers aninvisible warmth, with no unsightlyheat emitters compromising thebuilding layout. Allowing maximumusable area within the building, it isideal for both renovation and newbuild methods of construction.This may include the heating of aconservatory, a one roomextension, domestic or commercialapplications. It is also ideallysuited for the high-ceilingedspaces encountered in churchesand atriums.

A modern underfloor heating systemconsists of continuous plastic pipecircuits buried in a concrete screedor run below a timber floor system,either floating or suspended. TheHep2O® underfloor heating systemutilises low temperature hot water,typically 40-55ºC, unlike conventionalheating methods such as radiators orconvectors.

See Figure 13 for a typical domesticunderfloor heating layout.

Benefits

The major benefit of an underfloorheating system to the end user isthe comfort level provided.Underfloor heating gives an evenwarmth across the entire roomfrom the floor upwards. Optimum,individual comfort in theseconditions is achieved when thefeet are a few degrees warmer thanthe head.

Hep2O® Underfloor Heating Pipe isdesigned for use in underfloorcentral heating systems. It issupplied with an oxygen diffusionbarrier offering maximumprotection against oxygen ingress.

The design of the barrier within thewall of the pipe offers significantadvantages over underfloor pipeswith an external coating.

Figure 13 Typical domestic underfloor heating layout

Material

Hep2O® Underfloor Heating Pipe ismanufactured principally frompolybutylene (PB), a high qualityengineering polymer, designedspecifically for use as a flexibleplumbing material. The highlyflexible nature of polybutylenemeans it is the ideal material for anunderfloor heating installation,allowing the installer to form pipecircuits with ease, without the needfor preliminary tempering or pre-warming as with other materials.

Hep2O® Underfloor Heating Pipe issupplied in 16mm and 20mmdiameter Straight Coils, and a varietyof lengths, enabling the installation oflong continuous circuits with minimalpipe wastage.

Hep2O® Underfloor Heating Pipe iscorrosion resistant and unaffectedby corrosion inhibitors when usedin accordance with manufacturer’srecommendations.

Hep2O® underfloor heating manifold Laying Hep2O® pipe


58

Systems Planning

Temperatures andPressuresThis section covers the maximumtemperatures and pressuresassociated with hot, cold and centralheating systems.

Table 10 relates to plumbing andheating systems generally and showsthe type of service, the temperatureat which it operates and thepressure usually assoiciated withthese.

Cold water systems

The normal working pressure forcold water systems is 3 to 4 baralthough in some areas this may riseto 7 bar during the night.

Hot water systems

These are usually tank fed with amaximum of 1 bar. Unventedsystems operate at about 2 to 2.5bar. A safety device prevents thesystem operating over 3 bar or100ºC. The maximum safetemperature is 60ºC.

Combination boilers operatebetween 1 and 1.5 bar only: a safetydevice prevents the boiler operatingabove 3 bar.

Note that 1 bar = 14.5 pounds persquare inch = 100,000 Pascals = 10metres of static head. Table 10 Maximum Temperatures and Pressures

Service Temperature Pressure

Cold water 10ºC to 20ºC up to 7 bar

Hot water up to 60ºC 1 bar for vented systems

3 bar for unvented systems

Central heating 82ºC 1 bar for vented systems

3 bar for pressurised and combinationsystems

Table 11 Recommended Service Temperatures and Pressures

Temperature (ºC) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 114

Pressure (Bar) 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 3.0

Note that 114ºC = malfunction

Recommended servicetemperatures and pressures forHep2O® pipework

Hep2O® has a minimum design lifeexpectancy of 50 years provided thesystem is installed in accordance withthe manufacturer’s recommendations.These recommendations includeservice temperatures and pressures.

Service temperatures are defined asthe maximum temperature that canoccur during normal operation.

The malfunction temperature isdefined as the maximumtemperature applied to the systemin the event of control thermostatfailure or malfunction. The systemcould remain intact at thistemperature and pressure for 3 to 4months.

Table 11 shows the recommendedservice temperatures and pressures.

Flow rates

Although the bore of Hep2O® pipeis less than its copper equivalentactual system flow rates are notsignificantly lower. This is due tofour reasons:

• the system requires fewer fittings,i.e. elbows - a 15mm copperelbow reduces the flow of asystem by being equivalent toadding 0.5m to the pipe run.

• the smooth bore does not allowcorrosion or scale to build upand reduce the flow of a system.

• the method of cutting andjointing ensures there are noburrs or protrusions of solder toimpede the rate of flow.

• by using the flexibility of the pipethe course of the water takesfewer sharp bends and the flow isimpeded less.

59

System SizingFor pipe sizing Hep2O® in domesticcold and hot water systems,nomograms 1 and 2 on pages 61and 62 respectively, may be used, asappropriate.

For pipe sizing Hep2O® in centralheating systems, nomogram 3 onpage 63 may be used.

The nomograms indicate head lossdue to friction for varying flows inHep2O® piping. Water velocity canalso be determined.

Alternatively, pipe sizing can beachieved by using the Hep2O®

calculator (code HX80).This is aMears ‘wheel’ type calculator thatcan also be used for heat losscalculations. The effect of frictionallosses caused by pipe fittings can bemade by either adding an allowanceto every pipe length (e.g. 25%) or byusing equivalent length values foreach fitting. The latter method isrecommended for greater accuracy,and notional values are shown inTable 12 on page 60. For example,an elbow fitted to a 15mm pipe runwill be equivalent to increasing thepipe length by a further 0.5m.

The system sizing calculationexamples on page 60 show howthe nomograms and Table 12 maybe used.

For further explanation of pipesizing please refer to BS 6700 of theInstitute of Plumbing EngineeringServices Design Guide.

Pipe diameter reduction

Diameter reduction can be achievedby using any of the reducing fittingsshown on this page.

HX12

HX13

HX14

HD12

HD13

HD14

HX2HD2

HD15

HX310

HX92

HX94

HX96B

HX94B

HX96

HX92B

Hep2O® Reducing tees (see pages 16-17 & 20-21)

Hep2O® Manifolds (see pages 29-30)

Hep2O® Socket reducers (see pages 14 & 19)

Hep2O® Double spigot reducer (see page 15)


60

Systems Planning

System Sizing Calculation Examples

Domestic cold water pipe sizing

Question:What is the effect on the tap head when 22mmHep2O® is used as the distribution pipe from storage cistern?

System information assumptions

Design flow at tap 0.3 l/s

Frictional loss at tap 0.8m head

Proposed Hep2O® size 22mm

Calculation (read with Figure 14 and Table 12)

Measured pipe length (ML): 0.5 + 3 + 5 + 0.5 = 9.0m

Equivalent pipe length (EL): 3 elbows x 0.8 = 2.4m

Total equivalent pipe length (TEL) 11.4m

Head available at tap: 3 – (0.5 + 0.8) = 1.7m head

Available head loss per 100m: 100 x 1.7 = 14.9m11.4

Using Nomogram 1 (page 61), plot a line from 14.9m on head loss scalethrough 0.3 l/s on flow scale and extend over to pipe size scale (shownby dash line on nomogram).This indicates that proposed 22mm pipe sizewould be suitable.To check what the actual head loss is for this size, plota line from 22mm on pipe size scale through 0.3 l/s on flow scale, andextend over to head loss scale (shown by dotted line on nomogram).

This indicates that head loss is 11m per 100m (0.11m per m).

Actual head loss through pipework: 11.4m x 0.11 = 1.254m

Actual flow rate at tap would therefore be slightly higher than design flow.

1m head loss = 9.81 kN/m2

Table 12 Equivalent Pipe Lengths for Pipe Sizing

Hep2O® diameter Elbow Tee Stopcock(mm) (m) (m) (m)

10 0.2 0.3 –

15 0.5 0.6 4.0

22 0.8 1.0 7.0

28 1.0 1.5 10.0

Notes:1. This table is appropriate for pipeline water velocities not exceeding 1.5m/s.

Refer also to Table 15 on page 72.2. Frictional loss through tees occur on a change of direction only.3. Frictional loss through fully open gate valves can be ignored.4. Frictional loss through cold formed bends can be ignored.

Domestic hot water pipe sizing

Given sufficient system information for domestic hot waterlayouts, pipe sizes may be ascertained with nomogram 2(page 62) and the calculation method used for domestic coldwater pipe sizing.

Central heating pipe sizing

Question: What is the effect on the pump head when10mm Hep2O® is used for radiator connections?

System information assumptions

Length of radiator flow pipe 4m

Length of radiator return pipe 5.5m

Flow and return design temperatures 80ºC and 70ºC

Allowance for unusable pipe heat loss 5%

Specific heat capacity of water 4.2

Design output of ‘index’ radiator 1.2 kW

Calculation (read with Figure 15 and Table 12)

Heat load: 1.2 kW + 5% = 1.26 kW

Flow rate: 1.26 = 0.03 l/s4.2 x (80-70)

Using Nomogram 3 (page 63), plot a line from 10mm diameter on pipesize scale through 0.03 l/s on flow scale and extend over to head lossscale, (shown by dash line on nomogram). read head loss value as 14mper 100m, i.e. 0.14m per m run.

Measured pipe length (ML): 4 + 5.5 = 9.5m

Equivalent pipe length (EL): 4 elbows x 0.2 = 0.8m

2 tees x 0.3 = 0.6m

Total equivalent pipe length (TEL): 10.9m

Pipework head loss: 0.14 x 10.9 = 1.526m head

or 15 kPa

This head must be added to frictional loss of all other circuits on‘index run’, together with allowances for radiator valves, control valves,boiler, etc., in order to determine minimum pump head required.

Like copper ‘microbore’ systems, the use of 10mm Hep2O® will requireslightly more pump head than systems using 15mm radiator circuits.

As a general precaution, 10mm Hep2O® should not be used for aradiator output in excess of 1.5 kW (approximately 5,000Btu) unlessproven by calculation.

Bath tap

0.5m

Gate valve

3m

0.5m

5m

Storage cistern

Figure 14

Figure 15

Index radiator

Head Loss(metres per 100 metres)

Velocity(metres per sec)

Flow(litres per sec)

Pipe Size

28mm

22mm

15mm

10mm

1.00.8

0.60.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.15

0.1

3.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.75

0.5

0.25

0.1

100.0

80.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.80.70.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

61

Nomogram 1 Determination of pipe diameter for cold water services

The dashed line and dotted line refer to the worked example on page 60


62

Systems Planning

System Sizing Calculation Examples


100.0

80.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1


3.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.75

0.5

0.25

0.1


1.00.8

0.60.50.4

0.3

0.2

0.15

0.1

Pipe Size

28mm

22mm

15mm

10mm

Nomogram 2 Determination of pipe diameter for hot water services

63


50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.80.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1


3.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.75

0.5

0.25

0.1


1.0

0.8

0.60.50.4

0.3

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.07

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

Pipe Size

28mm

22mm

15mm

10mm

Nomogram 3 Determination of pipe diameter for central heating

The dashed line refers to the worked example on page 60


64

Systems Planning

Cabling Through JoistsThe 1992 Building RegulationsApproved Document A allows forpipework to be installed within joistsby one of two methods, notching ordrilling. Traditionally joists have beennotched and the pipework laid inbecause the rigidity of the pipe doesnot easily allow for any other methodof installation. This means that thepipework must be installed beforeflooring boards are laid.

Rigid pipework has a number ofdisadvantages:

• the plumber has to work onopen joists increasing risk ofaccident or injury.

• the plumber will have to returnafter floors are laid to connectradiators, etc.

• the plumber often finds that thetails originally installed have beenmoved by other tradesmenthereby causing extra work toreposition pipework correctly forradiators.

Flexible pipework

Hep2O® flexible pipework cabledthrough joists means that it can beinstalled by working from belowallowing exact positioning of ‘tails’through floor boarding.

As flooring can be laid prior to theplumber carcassing from below thiswill progress the building schedule asother trades can work on the floorabove e.g. to form studwork, etc.Carcassing at a later stage in theconstruction programme is alsomore pleasant as the building islikely to be weatherproof.

Flexible pipework also has furtheradvantages:

• cabled pipework can more easilyutilise continuous runs ofpipework.

• dry runs are not necessary as thepipe can be cut and joints madein situ.

• there is less possibility ofpuncturing the pipe with nailsused for fixing the flooringboards, and there is no need touse protective devices such as‘joist clips’.

• Hep2O® can be trimmed tolength and the natural flexibilityused to overcome any mis-alignment.

• when Hep2O® is cabled throughjoists it can be easily positionedto allow for the installation ofthermal insulation if required.

Pumps and valves

Where Hep2O® is connected topumps, valves and similar devicesconsideration should be given toadequately supporting the item inquestion (bearing in mind therotatability of the Hep2O® joint).Equipment should therefore not besuspended from the pipe withoutadequate support.

Enhanced site safety and lessrisk to health

Installing the plumbing system belowa completed floor means that sitesafety is enhanced and the plumberis not exposed to the danger offalling or the discomfort of kneelingon open joists. Other trades alsoworking below are protected fromfalling tools, molten solder, gasbottles etc.

The unique Hep2O® fittings ensureeffective, high performance pipejointing without the use of a nakedflame.

Safety from fire, especially inrestricted spaces, is thereforegreatly increased and the workingenvironment is improved.

As there is no need for flux andsolder, any potential contaminationof water supplies is eliminated.

Push-fit jointing also has furthersafety advantages:

• no naked flame means thatprecautions such as obtaining a‘hot work’ permit, having a fireextinguisher readily available, andremaining on site for a whileafter jointing are not necessary.

• no risk of infringement of Healthand Safety recommendationsapplicable to some brands of flux,such as the means to controlexposure to noxious fumes whenworking in a confined space, orthe use of eye protection (whereappropriate).

• after jointing the fitting is cleanand safe to touch, whereas aftersoldering, the joint is hot and fluxtraces have to be removed.

• as no solvents are used injointing, the system can be testedas soon as the installation isfinished.

65

Parameters for DrillingThrough Traditional Joists

The Building Regulations 1992Approved Document A givesexact instructions on the drillingof floor joists.

The requirements of theregulations are detailed below:

• hole diameters should be nogreater than 0.25 of the depthof the joist and should bedrilled at the neutral axis.

• they should be not less than 3diameters (centre to centre)apart and should be locatedbetween 0.25 and 0.4 timesthe span from the support.

and illustrated in Figure 16.

The value 0.25 is obviously onequarter and can easily becalculated on site. The value 0.4is less obvious and can beobtained from the graph (Figure 17).

Reading in conjunction withFigure 16, the following exampleillustrates the use of the graph:

Joist span is 4.5m.

Find value on horizontal scaleand read-up to sloping line.

Transfer point of intersection tothe vertical scale and read 1.8m.

Parameters for DrillingThrough Engineered Joists

Hep2O® is ideal in buildingsincorporating timber ‘I’ joists.Piping can be properly installedthrough holes in the web sectionwithout damaging flangemembers (e.g.TJI Joist system,Trus Joist MacMillan Ltd.) evenwhere the pre-formed holes donot align on the plan.

Refer to Figure 18.

Figure 16Drilling requirements for traditional joists

Figure 18Drilling requirements for engineered joists

Figure 17Joist drilling zone from support

Span (L)

0.4 x L

0.25 x L

Not less than 3 diameters apartcentre to centre

Maximum diameter of a hole0.25 x D

Depth of joist (D)

Holes should be located in thiszone and drilled at the neutral axis

Neutral axis of joist

Flange

Web

38mm diameter knockoutsare incorporated in TJI joistsat approx 300mm centres

Not less than 3 diameters apartcentre to centre

Additional holes can be cutbut leave minimum 3mm ofweb at top and bottom

Flange

Distance from support (m)

Span of joist (m)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Maximum distance from support

Minimum distance from support


66

Systems Planning

Hep2O® Pipe SupportsThe Hep2O® system includes twotypes of pipe clip, the screw fix type(HX85) and the nail type (HX65).The nail type is primarily designedfor use on concealed pipework, andallows for rapid fixing to timber. Thescrew type may be used togetherwith a spacer (HX86) which allows agreater spacing between the pipe andthe fixing background. The spacertherefore allows different pipe fixingcentres which can be used tofacilitate pipe cross-overs or theinstallation of thermal insulation tothe pipe (see Figure 19 and Table 13).

Nominal dia (mm) 15 22 28

A (mm) 17 21 24

B (mm) 40 43 46

Table 13 Pipe Fixing Centres


Horizontal runs (m) 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8

Vertical runs (m) 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0

Table 14 Recommended ClippingDistances

ABCL

CL

Pipe Clip Pipe Clip and Spacer

Pipe Clip - Nail Type (cable)

Pipe Clip - Screw Type

Pipe Clip Spacer

Where piping is adequatelysupported or is run within concealedspaces (eg. through suspendedtimber floors) clips can be reducedor omitted provided that:

• the pipe does not form part ofan open vent provided for safeoperation of heat source

• the pipe does not form adistribution pipe or circuit whereeffective air venting might beimpaired by poor pipe alignment

• the hot pipe will not touch a coldpipe or vice versa

• there is no risk that pipes orfittings will come in contact withsharp, abrasive or otherpotentially damaging surfaces

• there is no risk the pipe will comein contact with materials whichmay suffer damage or discolorationfrom transmitted heat.

For improved visual appearancesupport distances of 300mm aresuggested for Hep2O® in exposedlocations.

Where the pipe is concealed,clipping may not be considerednecessary. Cable ties may be usedfor restraint.

The cabling ability of Hep2O®

enables easy installation throughnoggins, studs etc., and in internalplasterboard/studding walls. Simplycarried out, with tails left exposedprior to the plasterboard beinginstalled, this is especially useful for‘microbore’ plumbing (see page 67).

Partition systems on the markethave the built-in facility for cablingelectrical wiring and this can beutilised for Hep2O® pipework.

Hep2O® pipe can be easilymanipulated by hand to formunsupported bends of any angle. Inorder to prevent any long termdetrimental effect on the material,the curvature of Hep2O® pipeshould be not less than theminimum radii shown inPerformance Data page 42.

A cold forming bend fixture (HX75)is available to allow the formation ofa bend on 15mm and 22mm pipesfor situations where secure fixingand neatness are important. Referto Performance Data page 42 forthe minimum radii that can beachieved.

The recommended supportdistances for general purpose useare shown in Table 14.

Figure 19 Pipe fixing centres

67

Hep2O® Manifolds andMicrobore PlumbingMicrobore plumbing systems arethose that employ 10mm diameterHep2O® pipes.

Hep2O® Manifolds are designed foruse on microbore central heatingsystems and can also be used forhot and cold water.

The Hep2O® Manifold, in onefitting, brings together multiple10mm pipe connections on the flowand return pipework to one area ofa building, enabling easy access whenused in conjunction with theHep2O® Routabout system (seepage 68). This system providesinstant access below sheet flooringinstallations for future systemmodifications or extentions.

A comprehensive range of Hep2O®

Manifolds is available that can beconnected in series allowing anynumber of outlets.

Hep2O® Manifolds offer a numberof installation and performancebenefits:

• the Hep2O® Two Port and FourPort Manifolds provide a costeffective way of connecting22mm pipe to 10mm pipe as theyreduce the number of fittingsrequired.

• fewer fittings reduces installationtime.

• one of the main advantages ofthe Hep2O® Manifolds is thatthey are manufactured frompolybutylene, an extremelyrobust yet lightweight materialand are therefore, much easier toinstall.

• the lightweight Hep2O®

polybutylene manifolds enable thepipe to be suspended betweenjoists without fear of dragging thepipe down.

• blanking pegs can be used toclose off any unused sockets,then removed as and whenrequired to extend the system.

Hep2O® manifolds and microbore plumbing with engineered joist construction

Hep2O® manifold range

Installation of Hep2O® manifolds


68

Systems Planning

Access to Pipes and Joints

The Hep2O® Routabout System

Hep2O® Routabout Hole Cutter isa unique system that solves theproblem of underfloor access foundby all builders, plumbers and othertrades. A 250mm diameter openingcan be cut and made good inminutes. Designed for use in new orexisting 18mm and 22mm chipboardor similar floors, the Routabout cutsonly the thickness of the board, thusleaving no waste, and the piece cutout is used to make good the floor.

The Routabout starter kit contains:

• 1 x Routabout Rotating Template.

• 1 x Routabout Tungsten Cutter.

• 4 x Routabout Spacer Rings.(Additional rings are available separately)

• 1 x 25mm x No. 8 chipboard screw.

Refer to Product Range page 40.

Also needed, but not supplied:

• A medium sized plunging type router (750watts min).

• 1 x 1/4’’ or 1/2’’ collet to fit router.

• 1 x 30mm (outside dia) guide bush fittedto the router.

Forming an access point to underfloorservices (stages 1 to 4)

The Hep2O® Conduit System

The Hep2O® Conduit System allowspipe and fittings to be installed directlyinto concrete floors or walls whilstcomplying with the requirements ofthe Water Regulations.

The flexible conduit allows Hep2O®

to be withdrawn for inspection, andjunction boxes allow maximumaccessibility to fittings for inspectionand possible removal.

To replace or terminate pipeworkeasily, use only Demountable fittingswithin the junction boxes. Spigottees in 22 x 15mm and 15 x 10mmsizes are available to build upmanifold configurations.

If any bent sections of conduit pipeare formed in an installation thenfuture replacement of the Hep2O® islikely to require the use of a ‘drawcable’. In this event the draw cableshould be attached to one end of theHep2O® before it is pulled out fromthe other end. Replacement of a newsection of Hep2O® pipe may requiretwo operatives; one pulling the drawcable which is attached to the pipeend and the other person feeding-inthe new length from the opposite end.Replacement will be easier if conduitbends are kept to a minimum and anyradius kept as large as practicable.

Conduit Junction Box

Conduit Terminal components

Terminal Back Plate

The system consists of two sizes offlexible conduit, junction boxes withlids and terminal fittings. Holes canbe cut in the sides of the junctionbox at the appropriate position toaccommodate the conduit whichsimply clicks into position.

Refer to Product Range pages 36 and37. For the use of the Conduit Systemin floor screeds see pages 74 and 75.

The Hep2O® Pipe in Pipe System

Hep2O® Pipe in Pipe Systemincorporates Hep2O® Barrier Pipein a pre-sheathed conduit readyfor underscreed installation, thusallowing the installer to save timeand effort whilst complying withcurrent regulations. Refer toProduct Range page 13.

The equipment:

• Plunging type router.

• Routabout Tungsten Cutter.

• Routabout Rotating Template.

• Routabout Spacer Ring.

1

Routing the flooring sheet using the Routabout

Rotating Template.

2

The Routabout Spacer Ring provides access

in the floor sheet to the pipework.

3

The chipboard cut-out fits snuggly into the

Routabout Spacer Ring, leaving a neat access.

4

69

Pipes in ExposedLocationsHep2O® pipe expands astemperature increases causing it toundulate along its length. This canbe visually unacceptable in the caseof long exposed runs. Long runs ofexposed pipe are unusual in newbuild where pipework is generallyconcealed, but may occur inrefurbishment.

If the pipework is exposed there area number of options open to theinstaller to ensure that a neat, tidyjob is achieved:

• Hep2O® pipework, if exposed,can be boxed in (PVC-U trunkingor preformed plywood profilesare generally used).

• Long runs of exposed Hep2O®

may be unsightly as a result ofexpansion and therefore theinstaller may choose to usecopper pipe in this instance.

Pipes in ConcealedLocationsHep2O® pipework can easily beinstalled in concealed locations infloors, roof spaces etc. Anyexpansion which may occur willhave little mechanical effect, thisbeing absorbed within the pipelength as undulation which may beignored. Undulation of Hep2O®

pipe which may occur naturally as aresult of expansion, or installationthrough joists, will not lead toairlocks. Installation in difficultlocations is aided by the cablingability of Hep2O® pipe. Ifadequately supported, Hep2O® inconcealed locations needs only tobe clipped for system alignment e.g.at changes in direction.

Where convenient, cable ties can beused to restrain pipes for systemneatness (care should be taken notto overtighten the tie). The pipeshould be able to slide freelythrough the tie to facilitate thermalmovement.

Pipes Through Walls andFloorsWhenever Hep2O® passes throughbrickwork, stone or concrete thepipe should be sleeved. The annulargap between the pipe and the sleeveshould be filled with a resilientmaterial to provide effective firestopping and prevention of noisetransmission from one room toanother.

Pipes Through, andAdjacent to, MetalworkWhen running Hep2O® adjacent toor through metalwork, it isimportant to ensure that the pipecannot make contact with any sharpedges as this could cause damageduring thermal movement. Any ofthe following preventative measureswould be acceptable:

• For a pipe passing through asmall hole drilled in metalwork,fix a resilient grommet in hole.

• For a pipe passing through a largehole in metalwork or adjacent toa sharp edge, fix an extrudedflexible profile to metalwork.

• Provide sufficient local pipeclipping to prevent contactbetween pipe and metalwork.

• Run pipe within a conduit.


70

Systems Planning

Cylinder CupboardLayoutsIn order to achieve a neat Hep2O®

installation in cylinder cupboardsthe following recommendationsshould be observed.

Pipework within the cupboardshould preferably come from cutlengths of Hep2O®, not coils. SeeProduct Range page 13 foravailability of cut lengths.

Pipes should be cut exactly tolength and clipped at 300mmcentres using screw clips (codeHX85). For information oninsulation requirements in cylindercupboards, refer to BuildingRegulations Approved Document L.

To simplify the fixing of pipe clips,boards should be provided at pipelocations. The boards can be surfacemounted or fixed within new studpartitions prior to plasterboarding.

New cylinder cupboards often forma restrictive space for the plumbingand a typical layout for a smallcupboard is shown in Figure 20. Thisdiagram shows the cylinder primaryconnections on the left hand sidealong with the pump, but the wholearrangement could be reversed forright hand installation if required.The cylinder cold feed and the colddown service are located at thefront to allow easy access to thegate valves and cylinder drain cock.

Likewise, the pump and divertervalve are located for ease of access.To support the weight of these, oneclip should be directly under thediverter valve and a second clipshould be directly under the pumpinlet connection.

Although space, pipe size andequipment may vary, these layoutprinciples can be used to givesatisfactory results.

Plan

Figure 20 Typical cylinder cupboard layout

Key

PB Pipe fixing board (70 x 12mm minimum) HF Hot water cold feedfull height HW Hot water service

CB Controls fixing board (150 x 12mm minimum) HV Hot water open ventapproximately 700mm high RF Radiator flow

CF Cylinder flow PF Primary feedCM Cold main PV Primary open ventCW Cold downservice

Section BBSection AA

Pump withunions andvalves

3-portdivertervalveHX5/22

HX5/22HX34/22

Airrelease

HX12/22

HX5/22

HX10/22HD15/22

Cylinderreturn

Boilerflow

RF

PV

PF

CF

CM

HV HF

CWCM

HW

Pipe clipsat 300mmcentres

CW

HX5/22andHX34/22

HX31/22andHD5/22

HX31/22andHD5/22

HX12/22

HX32/15

PB

PV

PB

PF

CF CB

RF

CM

HV

HF CW

PB

CF

A A

B B

71


Domestic Timber FloorsWith Traditional Joists orEngineered Joists

Construction Types & Water Distribution

Figure 21 Typical central heating layout

First floor

Lounge

Ground floor

Bathroom

15mm flow

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2

15mm return

Kitchen

Study

Dining room

Cloaks

Hall

Lobby

15mm return

15mm flow

Flow and returnfrom below

Flow and returnfrom below

15mm flow

15mm return

22mm flow

22mm return15mm flow

15mm return

15mm return

15mm flow

15mm flow

15mm return

15mm flow

15mm return

Installation costs are affected by thequality and the type of materialsused, and by the time it takes tocomplete the installation.

A typical central heating systemlayout incorporating a combinationboiler in a 3 bedroom house isshown here.

This layout has a different bill ofquantities depending on whether arigid or flexible system is installed.Refer to Table 15 on page 72 thatsets out comparative quantities.

Cabling Hep2O® pipes throughtraditional or engineered joistsallows a more flexible pipe layout tobe achieved than would be obtainedwith rigid piping, particularly within acomplex floor plan.


72



Table 15 Comparative Quantities of Materials for Hep2O® and Copperfor a Typical Domestic Central Heating Installation

Hep2O® Pipe and Fittings Copper Pipe and Fittings

Pipes Code Quantity Pipes Quantity

15mm Pipe – 100m Coil HXP100 100m 15mm pipe – 6m lengths 102m

22mm Pipe – 6m Lengths HXP06 24m 22mm pipe – 6m lengths 24m

SlimLine Fittings Fittings

15mm Straight Connectors HX1/15 3 15mm straight connectors 21

15mm 90º Elbows HX5/15 3 15mm 90º elbows 19

15mm Equal Tees HX10/15 16 15mm equal tees 16

Auxiliary Fittings (terminal fittings) Terminal Fittings

15mm Draincocks HX32/15 2 15mm draincocks 2

15mm Radiator Valves HX73/15 24 15mm radiator valves 24

Ancillary Items Ancillary Items

15mm Clips HX85/15 30 15mm clips 55

15mm Support Sleeves HX60/15 90 –

15mm Cold Forming Bends HX75/15 2 –

Demountable Fittings 22mm Fittings

22mm Straight Connectors HD1/22 3 22mm straight connectors 5

22m 90º Elbows HD5/22 3 22mm 90º elbows 8

22 x 15 x 15mm Tees HD14/22 4 22 x 15 x 15mm tees 4

22 x 22 x 15mm tees HD13/22 2 22 x 22 x 15mm tees 2

22mm Equal Tees HD10/22 2 22mm equal tees 2

Ancillary Items Ancillary Items

22mm Clips HX85/22 10 22mm clips 20

22mm Support Sleeves HX60/22 30 –

22mm Cold Forming Bends HX75/22 2 –

It can be seen that through the use of Hep2O® in the above table, thenumber of fittings, principally straight connectors and elbows is significantlyreduced. Read with Figure 21 on page 71.

Exploiting the characteristics of Hep2O®, including its natural flexibility,when designing a plumbing installation will reduce installed cost by between20-40% in comparison with rigid metal systems.

73


Comparative radiator detailsfor Hep2O® and copper

In Figure 22, there is clearly a savingin the quantity of fittings neededwhen using Hep2O®, such as 90ºelbows, resulting in a significantreduction in installation time.

The copper installation could havesubstituted elbows with pipe bendingto save materials, but this wouldsignificantly increase time costs.

A full comparative bill of quantitiesis shown in Table 15 on page 72.

Using 10mm Hep2O® forradiators

The use of Hep2O® ‘drop’ circuitsto ground floor radiators will allowsystems to be emptied (if required)by rotating the joints and operationof the radiator valves as shown inFigure 23.

Radiator Draincocks (code HX23/15)should still be provided elsewhere toallow the main contents of thesystem to be drained.

Refer to page 60 for assessing thepipe diameter of central heatingcircuits.

Figure 22Comparative radiator details for copper and Hep2O®

Figure 23Draining a ground floor radiator

Copper pipework

Radiator valve or TRV

Copper tee

Ground floorjoist with pipeclippedbeneath

Hep2O® radiator valve or TRV

Hep2O® pipework

Hep2O® tee

Ground floorjoist with pipeclippedbeneath

Rotatable joint

Copper elbow


74


Hep2O® Within FloorScreedsThe Hep2O® pipe should be fedinto the conduit at the same time asthe Conduit System is installed i.e.before screeding. The conduitsystem should not be installed onsub-floors a long time in advance ofscreeding as damage by site trafficcould occur.

The junction box is designed to gainaccess to pipe fittings, and to allowpipe cross-overs (which arenormally undesirable within thefloor screed material). For junctionbox dimensions refer to ProductRange pages 36 and 37.

The junction box should be drilledusing a hole cutter or spade bit, toallow the conduit to fit snugly andclick into position to protrude notless than 5mm inside the box. Thecorrect drill size is shown in Table 16.

It is important that central heatingpipework should not be run withinthe same junction box as cold waterpipework unless there is sufficientspace to fix adequate thermalinsulation, in order to prevent thewarming of cold water. Theprevention of cold water becomingwarm is a Water Regulationsrequirement. See Figure 24.

No thermal insulation would benecessary where the junction box isused solely for central heating pipes.

If required, the junction box can becut in half and installed up against awall as shown in Figure 25.

The junction box should be fixed tothe sub-floor (to prevent movementor ‘floating’ during screeding), andthe fixings provided with suitablewashers. The junction box shouldbe fixed so that the lid (when fitted)is level with the adjacent floor finish.

For uneven sub-floors or where thescreed depth exceeds the junctionbox height, the box should beprovided with suitable packingsupport under the base.

15

15

15

15

Table 16 Drill size for conduit box holes

Hep2O® diameter Conduit code Drill bit diameter(mm) (mm)

10 and 15 HXC25/15 and HXC50/15 26

22 HXC25/22 and HXC50/22 32

Figure 24Typical section through Hep2O® Junction Box enclosing hot and cold waterdistribution pipes with tees

Figure 25Hep2O® Junction Box cut in half

Finished floorlevel Junction Box lid,

drilled and securedby fixing screws

Small insulating pad,cut and placed toseparate pipes atcross-over

Conduit Pipe Junction Box securedto the sub-floor

Tee on coldwater pipe

Tee on hotwater pipe

Thermal insulation barrierformed across Junction Box(if necessary)

Finished floor level

Junction Box lid, drilled and secured by fixing screws

160mm

170mm

Junction Box cut in half and secured to floor

Hep2O® pipe to radiatoror sanitary appliance

Conduit Pipe

Hep2O® elbow

75

To facilitate the possible removaland replacement of Hep2O® withinthe conduit system, conduit pipeshould be installed without jointsand should ideally run in straightlines between junction boxes.Where bends are unavoidable thereshould be not more than twochanges of direction betweenadjacent junction boxes. Refer toFigure 26.

Conduits carrying cold water pipesshould not touch conduits carryinghot water or central heating pipes.

The recommended gap betweenconduits run within floor screedsshould not be less than 50mm (seeFigure 27) in order to prevent thewarming of cold water.

The conduit system should notcontain unused water pipes whichremain connected to water systems.Redundant pipework will result inwater stagnation which would posea risk to health.

Conduit pipes should be fixed tothe sub-floor by using suitablestraps to prevent movement.Conduit pipes for cold watersystems should not be run in floorscreeds which incorporateunderfloor heating ‘loops’.

Refer to pages 76 and 77 fordetailed descriptions of conduit pipetermination methods in floors andwalls. These methods are usedparticularly in Europeanconstruction.

Figure 27Minimum spacing for cold water conduit in floor screeds

Figure 26Typical plan using Hep2O® Conduit System for central heating layout

Conduit for cold water pipe Conduit for hot water or central heating pipe

50mm minimum

Pair of conduit pipesfor main runs

Pair of conduit pipesfor branches

Large radius bends formedon conduit pipes

90º Elbows inConduit Junction Box

CJB

CJB

CJB

CJB

CJB

CJB

Radiator

Boiler

Notes:

CJB = Conduit Junction Box

Radiator connections could bemade using the HX101 ConduitTerminal, or alternatively, asshown in Figure 24


76


Typical EuropeanConstruction UsingHep2O® Conduit SystemsEuropean construction oftenemploys conduit systems todistribute water pipes in floors andwalls.

The basic Hep2O® Conduit Systemhas been described on page 68 andpages 74 and 75 for UK construction.In this section, the Conduit System isshown in greater detail on how todeal effectively with terminations inwalls and floors as encountered inEuropean construction projects.

The conduit terminal fittings thatform part of the Hep2O® ConduitSystem are shown below.

21

3 4

Conduit terminations at floorfinish level

For terminating the conduit pipe atfloor finish level for direct 15mmconnections to appliances, a ConduitTerminal Fitting (HX101/15) isavailable . For floor terminations theplastic housing may be drilledthrough the base to allow fixing.

The floor termination procedure,stages 1 to 4, is shown below.

HX101/15 15mm Conduit Terminal

HX103 Terminal Back Plate

The connecting plate screw fixed toConduit Terminal body.

Conduit Terminal body fixed to floor. Pipewithin conduit then push-fitted intoretaining cap of brass connecting plate.

Hep2O® adaptor (HX29) screwed toconnecting plate.

Pipe push-fitted into Hep2O® adaptor.

77

Conduit terminations at wallsurface finish

For wall terminations, fixing platetype HX103 Terminal Back Plate isused.

The HX103 Terminal Back Plate canbe used to mount two terminalsside by side, or it can be easily splitto form two single plates. TheHX103 Terminal Back Plate can alsobe used to fix a maximum of fourWall Plate Elbows.

The wall termination procedure forusing the HX103 Terminal BackPlate, stages 1 to 4, is shown below.

2

3 4

Two HX101 Conduit Terminals fitted tothe HX103 Terminal Back Plate

Four HX6 Wall Plate Elbows fitted to theHX103 Terminal Back Plate

The Conduit Terminal is fitted to theTerminal Back Plate (showing the brassconnecting plate).

The conduit is fitted to the ConduitTerminal body. Pipe within conduit is thenpush-fitted into retaining cap of brassconnecting plate.

The brass connecting plate is screw fixedto Conduit Terminal body, then theplasterboard and finish are made flush.

Hep2O® adaptor (HX31) is screwed tothe connecting plate, and the applianceconnection made.

1


78


Hep2O® Within InternalDrywall SystemsHep2O® can easily be cabled withintimber studwork and proprietarywall systems during construction.This method is often used forrunning feeds to radiators or whereconcealed plumbing is necessary.

A connection for a radiator can bemade using a secured elbow in thewall and fixing a plastic snap-onEscutcheon Plate HX83 to neatlycover the hole in the wall surface.

Alternatively for 10mm Hep2O®, adrylining box can be used whichgives the advantage of allowing minoralignment adjustment to the ‘tail’during ‘second-fix’ (see Figure 28)and allowing access to the elbow.This solution can also be used wherethe radiator is fed from below inwhich case the risers should belocated directly under each box.

‘First-fix’ pipework should followthe good practice advice in‘Hep2O® Within Drylined Walls’ onpage 80, and also ‘Pipes Through, andAdjacent to, Metalwork’ on page 69.

Single Socket Elbow, use SlimLinetype for neatness (HX4/10)

Drylining box and cover plate(single gang electrical fitting)

Demountable Elbow (HD5/10)

Non-loadbearing internal drywall system

10mm Hep2O®

Escutcheon Plate HX83

Figure 28Radiator connection using 10mm Hep2O®

and a drylining box within a drywall system

Hep2O® Within TimberFramed and Steel FramedBuildingsHep2O® is ideal for use within bothtimber framed and steel framedbuildings. For recommendationsapplicable to internal partition wallsrefer to ‘Hep2O® Within InternalDrywall Systems’, on this page.

Running pipework of any materialwithin the external wall of framedbuildings should not be donewithout consideration of thefollowing:

• if a leak occurred on a pipe itshould be discovered withoutdelay as seepage within a wallmay damage the structural frameand affect the performance ofinsulating materials.

• Water Regulations require thatpipes should not be fixed in asituation where leaks could beundetected for long periods.

• where a pipe passes through avapour control layer theinstallation method should allowpossible future replacement ofpipe without affecting theintegrity of this layer.

• pipework should be installed on‘warm’ side of thermal insulationlayer.

To comply with the foregoingcriteria, pipework should be eitherrun within a recessed duct designedby the Architect or run within aconduit system. Whichever methodis used it is necessary to considerthe detail at the junction betweenthe wall and floor to avoid floorjoist problems and to agree pipepenetrations at header rails/bottomrails. For radiator connections,10mm Hep2O® within conduit pipemay be used (see Figure 29).

The suggested installation sequenceis as follows:

1. Prepare sketches showingsetting-out dimensions for eachdrylining box including heightand hole size.

79

2. Fix each conduit pipe to nogginsusing suitable straps or cableties. Fixings at 1m centres areadequate for vertical conduitpipe. Horizontal runs and bendsmore than 45° should beavoided.

3. To allow future installation ofdrylining boxes, each conduitpipe end should be leftapproximately 100mm longerthan box position and shouldnot be fixed closer than 600mmto the box.

4. Install the main ‘first-fix’pipework leaving joints belowfloor access covers to allowconnection to conduit pipeworkduring ‘second fix’ work.

5. Using setting-out dimensions onsketches, holes in plasterboardcan be cut to allow each conduitpipe to be pulled out throughthe surface during plasterboardfixing work.

6. During ‘second fix’ each drylining box is installed by drilling a26mm diameter hole for 15mm(nominal) conduit pipe. Theconduit can then be insertedthrough hole in box and should‘click’ into position leaving oneor two conduit ‘ribs’ inside box.

7. Slide a length of 10mm Hep2O®

pipe through conduit pipe fromthe floor access above. Pull outenough Hep2O® from dryliningbox to allow a sufficient handgrip for jointing. Connect ademountable elbow to pipe thenslide whole assembly throughplasterboard hole and securebox into position. Conduit pipeshould ‘snake’ within void totake up slack leaving Hep2O®

protruding out of box.

8. Pull Hep2O® pipe backwardsfrom floor access panel untilelbow is central within dry liningbox. Cut pipe to length andconnect to Hep2O® joint leftduring ‘first fix’.

General advice on timber orsteel framed buildings

Holes through timber joists shouldbe drilled in accordance withFigures 16 & 17, on page 65. Holesthrough timber studs should bedrilled in accordance with Figure 30.

Within steel framed buildingspipework should be routed throughpreformed holes in steelworkwherever practicable (and whereprovided). No holes should beformed in steelwork without theapproval of the Architect. Pipeworkpassing through steelwork should beprotected from damage. Refer to‘Pipes Through, and Adjacent to,Metalwork’ on page 69. Do not laypipework in areas whereplasterboard is likely to be fixed.

Services within compartment orparty walls should be avoided so asnot to impair fire resistance oracoustic properties.

Care should be taken that pipeworkpassing through compartmentwalls or floors does not impair thefire resistance of the property.

10mm Hep2O®

100mm Hep2O® Single SocketSlimLine Elbow (HX4/10)

Plasterboard

15mm (nominal) Conduit Pipefirmly terminated withindrylining box(When cutting vapour controlplasterboard around dryliningbox, care should be taken notto displace vapour controlmaterial)

Demountable Elbow (HD5/10)

Drylining box and cover plate(single gang electrical fitting)

Figure 29Radiator connection using 10mm Hep2O®

within a timber or steel framed external wall

Figure 30Limitations of drilling studwork

Insulation

0.25 x H

Holes shouldbe located inthese zonesand drilled atcentre ofstud depth

D

0.25 x H

0.4 x H

0.4 x H

Stud height ‘H’

Max dia of holes = 0.25 depth of stud ‘D’


80

Construction & Water Distribution

Hep2O® Within DrylinedWallsFeeds to radiators run in microborecopper can be accommodatedbehind ‘dot and dab’ plasterboard togive a pipe-free appearance withinthe room. Pipes run in 10mmHep2O® are equally suited to thisapplication but will not besusceptible to damage such as dentsor kinks which can be caused on‘soft’ copper by following tradesmen.The penetration through theplasterboard for a radiatorconnection can be achieved by usinga 10mm SlimLine Elbow (HX5/10)together with a Fitting Clip(HX84/10) or alternatively a drylining box can be used. See Figure 28on page 78.

Another method when using 10mmHep2O® Pipe is to utilise theHX111 Cover Plate. The HX111Cover Plate and Back Box (HX109or HX110) allows for a superior andeasy to install method of connectingradiators. The box is fixed in acentral position behind the radiatorwith the 10mm pipes dropping outto the radiator valves. This gives asmart professional finish where littleor no pipe is seen and for new buildprovides an anchor point for thepipe work prior toplastering/boarding.

The installation procedure for usingthe HX111 Cover Plate, stages 1 to4, is shown below and opposite.

The following is good practice for‘first-fix’ pipework: (see Figure 31)

• radiator ‘drops’ should be runvertically, side by side, at one endof the radiator position.

• lateral pipes should be runhorizontally in line withplasterboard penetrations.

• avoid running pipework along anyobvious fixing zone ie. at skirtinglevel.

The pipe is looped through the Back Box(HX109 or HX110).

The HX111 Cover Plate is screwed tothe back-plate.

The looped pipe is cut and thenconnected to the radiator valves.

Radiator Draincock(HX23/15

90º Elbow(HX5/10)

90º M & FElbows(HX4/10)

Skirtingboard

90º M & F Elbows(HX4/10)

Pipe Clip(HX84/10)

ThermostaticRadiator Valve(HX71/10)

1

2

3

Two 5mm fixingholes, one each

side

Figure 31Radiator pipework in 10mm Hep2O®

For fixing pipework to lightweightblockwork the HX65 Pipe ClipCable Type is not suitable for fixingdirectly to such walls because of thelow pull-out resistance of the nail.

In such circumstances a moresecure hold can be achieved byfixing wooden dowels at each clipposition. The dowels should be thesolid type with a serrated surfaceand of sufficient size (not less thanM8 x 30mm).

Holes should first be drilled in theblockwork using a drill bit sizewhich provides a tight fitting holefor the dowel, taking care not toover-drill the hole depth. Aftertapping in the dowels the pipe clipscan then be fixed by knocking thenail into the centre of each dowel.

Alternatively, use the screw fixedFitting Clip HX84 shown below.

Completed installation.

4

81


Sources of InformationThe following list of publications is intended to helpspecifiers and designers consider in greater detail allaspects of plumbing layout design.

Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide

(Published by the Institute of Plumbing)

• Section D: Pumps and pumping

• Section F: Fire protection services (sprinklers)

• Section H: Pipework expansion

• Section J: Legionnaires disease

• Section K: Fountain and water display techniques

• Section N: Conversion factors and miscellaneous data

Installation and Equipment Data: Volume B

(Published by the Chartered Institution of BuildingServices Engineers)

• Section B1: Heating (hot water, vented/sealed heating,underfloor heating)

• Section B4: Water service systems

• Section B5: Fire safety engineering (extinguishingsystems)

Polybutene -1 Piping Systems in Use

(Published by the Polybutene Piping Systems Association)

Describes the environmental impact of polybutyleneduring manufacture, installation and use compared toother materials. An extensive extract of this document isgiven on pages 92 to 94.

Building Regulations Approved Document A

• Loading(Sizing of certain timber floor, ceiling and roofmembers in single family houses – limits for notchesand holes in floor and roof joists)

Building Regulations Approved Document G

• Provision of sanitary conveniences and washingfacilities

• Performance/design of hot water storage systems

Building Regulations Approved Document L1

• Conservation of fuel and power in dwellings

Building Regulations Approved Document L2

• Conservation of fuel and power in buildings otherthan dwellings

Regulations & Guidance

BS 5449

(An installation standard)

• Code of Practice for Central Heating for DomesticPremises

BS 5955: Part 8: 1990


• Specification for the installation of thermoplasticspipes and associated fittings for use in domestic hotand cold water services and heating systems

BS 6700


• Design, Installation,Testing and Maintenance ofservices supplying water for domestic use withinbuildings and their curtilages.

BS 7291: 2001

(A manufacturing standard)

Hep2O® is manufactured and kitemarked to Class S ofBS 7291: Parts 1 and 2

• BS 7291: Part 1: General requirements

• BS 7291: Part 2: Specification for polybutylene (PB)pipes and associated fittings

BS EN ISO 9002

(A manufacturing standard)

Hep2O® is also manufactured within a QualityManagement System which satisfies BS EN ISO 9002requirements.

British Board of Agrément Certificate 92/2823

Hep2O® Barrier Pipe is covered by AgrémentCertificate 92/2823 to class ‘S’ of BS 7291.

Water Byelaws

• Listed in the Water Fittings and Materials Directory,Listing Number 0112066

The Control of Substances Hazardous to HealthRegulations 1999 (COSHH)

Hep2O® General Considerations

82

Pressure TestingInstallers should ensure that all non-Hep2O® products can withstandthe test pressure by checking withother relevant manufacturers.

When testing Hep2O® pipeworksystems, the recommended testpressure is:

• for Hep2O® fittings with grabwedges – 1.5 times workingpressure.

• for Hep2O® grab ring andSlimLine fittings – a further testto 18 Bar.

If the system contains any grab ringor SlimLine fittings the further testto a maximum of 18 Bar shouldalways be undertaken.

Care should be taken to disconnectany appliances or fittings that willnot withstand, or will be damagedby, testing at 18 Bar.

The testing procedure is set outbelow. The duration of the testshould be not less than 1 hour inaccordance with BS 6700.

Pressure test procedure:

1. Ensure that any non-Hep2O®

components in system willwithstand test pressure.

2. Blank off all open ends usingHep2O® Blanking Pegs (HX44)or Blanking Plugs (HX41).

3. Connect pressure hose tosystem at a convenient pointusing a demountable socket.

4. Close Valve V2 and open Valve V1.

5. Fill system to be tested withwater ensuring that the systemis completely full of water(purge all air).

6. Raise pressure to test pressureand close Valve V1.

7. At end of test duration, gentlytap gauge with a finger (toensure pointer is ‘free’). Readpressure on gauge. Noappreciable drop in pressureshould be noticed to indicatethe system is watertight.

8. Release Valve V1 and V2 torelease pressure from system.Drain system if necessary.

9. Replace cap and components insocket used for connection totest kit.

10. Re-connect non-Hep2O® partsof the system.

It is important that this pressuretesting procedure is not used as asubstitute for making sure thecorrect insertion depth of the pipe ismade into the fitting. The chevronmarks on the pipe or a measuredpencil mark should always be used.

See page 6 for the correct methodof connecting pipes to fittings.

Painting Hep2O®

Hep2O® can be painted where thisis felt to be necessary, e.g. outdoorsto protect the pipe from sunlightand the effects of ultra violet light.

It is preferable when paintingHep2O® to use emulsion paint.However, oil based gloss paint canbe used in conjunction withundercoat. Cellulose based paints,paint strippers or thinners shouldnot be used.

Before painting, ensure all surfacesare clean, free of grease and dry.

Freezing for Maintenanceand System ModificationHep2O® pipe can be frozen formaintenance or repairs withoutdamage to the system. Freezingequipment manufacturersinstructions should be followed.Freeze at a reasonable distancefrom where pipe is to be cut.

AntifreezeAntifreezes based on Ethylene Glycolmixtures will not have an adverseeffect on Hep2O®. However if thereis any doubt as to their suitabilityplease contact the HepworthPlumbing Products Technical AdvisoryService for advice.

Woodworm/TimberTreatmentWhen treating timber forwoodworm or timber rot, water-based solutions are generallyaccepted. But care should be takento protect and cover Hep2O® pipeand fittings prior to any spraying.

It is preferable to carry out anyspraying prior to Hep2O®

installation.

Solvent based treatments shouldnot be used.

For further information contact theHepworth Plumbing ProductsTechnical Advisory Service.

Gauge

Figure 32Hep2O® Pressure Testing Kit (HX81)

Valve 1

Valve 2

Setting up the pressure test

83

Handling and StorageHep2O® is an extremely tough anddurable system. However, as withall materials some care is requiredto ensure damage is not incurredduring storage or installation whichmay impair its ultimate performance.

Straight lengths of Hep2O® pipesmay be laid flat or stacked vertically.Coils may be laid on their side oredge. Both are lightweight and easyto carry and handle.

Pipe and fittings wherever possibleshould be stored in their originalpackaging until ready for use. Thisensures protection from ultra-violetlight and will reduce the risk ofcontamination.

Spare grab wedges and ‘O’ ringsshould not be carried looseamongst other fittings or toolswhere they may be damaged. Theyshould be kept in their originalpackaging or in a separate containerwhich will protect them.

Hep2O® should be protected fromcontact with petroleum and oilderivatives, fluxes and other agentsthat may damage fittings orcomponents.

When carrying or installingHep2O® pipe, care should be takento avoid dragging the pipe along theground or damaging the pipe onother surfaces such as walls.

When feeding pipe through holes inwalls and brickwork the pipe endshould be taped over, oralternatively, the red end capincluded in the pipe coil should beused to prevent damage to thejointing surface and debris enteringthe pipe.

Care should be taken to avoidkinking the pipe during installation.

Use of Corrosion InhibitorsCorrosion of metals is a hazard inall installations therefore it isessential that possible causes ofcorrosion are kept to an absoluteminimum.

Oxygen will almost always bepresent in any system as it canenter through a variety of pointssuch as open header tanks, threadedjoints, valves, pumps and above thebleed point on a radiator.

To provide maximum systemprotection independent of pipematerial, all heating circuits shouldbe protected by an inhibitor.

Hep2O® Barrier Pipe incorporates anadditional oxygen barrier to reduceingress of oxygen through the pipewall.

Fernox MB1 and GE Betz SentinelInhibitors have been tested andare suitable for use with Hep2O®.

Hep2O® Straight Coiled pipe is easy tocarry and handle

Fed pipe with end cap protection

Hep2O® Straight Coiled pipe comparedto standard plastic coiled pipe

Hep2O® Case Studies

84

Hep2O® Brings New Lifeto an 1830’s Landmark An 1830’s landmark, said to be themost photographed building inSomerset, is being given a newlease of life with a little help fromone of today’s hi-tech plumbingsystems. Hep2O® has beenspecified by owner Mike Pope asthe ideal solution to easeinstallation in the tiny TurnpikeCottage on the A30 at Chard.

Dating back to 1839, the Grade 11listed building is a former toll-collector’s cottage. Built fromlimestone dressings with flintfacades and rubblestone returnsbeneath a thatched roof it is familiarto thousands of tourists as alandmark en route to Cornwall.Occupied until the 1980s, it hasmore recently fallen into disrepairand was bought by South SomersetDistrict Council in 2000 with a viewto finding a buyer willing torenovate it.

Mike Pope, a civil engineer, with apassion for restoring small andquirky buildings is now in theprocess of faithfully renovating theproperty which will retain as manyas possible of its historic features.

Original plumbing

The original plumbing, however,consisted of a privy at the bottom ofthe garden so it was determinedsomething a little more modernwould now be appropriate.Traditional rigid plumbing would haveposed several problems in theconfined space of the building,particularly under the thatched roofwhere using blowtorches would havepresented a considerable fire risk.

By contrast the flexible Hep2O®

push-fit system can readily berouted around the cottage with theminimum number of joints and iseasy to work with, even in parts ofthe roof where the headroom is nomore than a metre.

Comforts

When the restoration is complete,visitors will find the cottageexterior all but indistinguishablefrom the original. The old cast ironrange will once again provide awelcoming focal point to the maindownstairs room but 21st centuryplumbing will provide the additionalcomforts of hot and cold runningwater and central heating.

Flexibility and push-fit joints ease installation and ensure safety in the restricted spaceunder the eaves of the thatched roof

Turnpike Cottage is a familiar landmarkon the A30 near Chard

Challenge: Fit new plumbing in a Grade II listed building

Location: Chard, Somerset

Installation: Hot and cold water services, central heating

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A Flexible Answer forPrestige Apartments Flexible plumbing systems fromHepworth Plumbing Products havebeen chosen to supply hot and coldwater services to one of Leeds’most prestigious city centredevelopments. A project by CrosbyHomes, it includes some 150 flatsand duplexes arranged in threeblocks, of, respectively, eight, 12 and14 storeys. A bar and restaurantare also located on the lower floors.

The M&E package has beenundertaken by Vallectric who haveused the Hep2O® flexible push-fitplumbing system throughout. A keyrequirement was to minimise thenumber of joints as services arelocated in the ceiling voids andaccess, once the project has beencompleted, will be limited.

Pipe runs

Using Hep2O®, it was a simplematter, for example, to complete 12metre pipe runs between kitchensand bathrooms using a single pipelength. Both 15mm and 22mmHep2O® pipes, operating at 3 bar,are used.

Hepworth’s HepvO® hygienic self-sealing waste valve has also beenused throughout, rather thantraditional water seal traps, in orderto avoid the need for secondaryventing of waste systems.

For details of the HepvO® range ofwaste fittings see separate literature.

An artist’s impression of the prestigious Leeds development

The availability of pipe in coils up to 100metres makes it a simple matter to installlong runs of pipes with the minimumnumber of joints

Challenge: Fit new plumbing with a minimum of joints & access points

Location: Leeds,Yorkshire

Installation: Hot and cold water services

Hep2O® Specification Clauses

86

Project Location.....................................

Drawing References.................................

Main Contract Preliminaries.................................(Insert as appropriate)

General System PerformanceRequirements

1. Cold water installation..............................

2. Hot water installation.................................

3. Low temperature hot water space heating installation (exposed heat emitters)............................

4. Underfloor heating installationShall be Hep2O® UFH Manifold System.

(Brief descriptions of installations 1 to 4 where appropriate)

Associated general building work(Refurbishment and/or direct plumbing contract)

For example: form openings, chases, duct casings, etcwhere appropriate.

Associated electrical work

EITHER (Use the following clause when electrical work is carriedout by a separate contractor)

• Electrical work in connection with the plumbinginstallation is to be in accordance with electricalspecification and carried out by the electrical engineer.

OR (Use the following clause when electrical work is specificto the plumbing contract only)

• Electrical work to be included as part of the plumbingcontractor’s work, and carried out in accordance withBS 7671 “ Requirements for Electrical Installations”- The IEE Wiring Regulations.

Design of installations

EITHER (Use the following clauses where contractor designsinstallation. Also delete* as required)

• The (Main)* (Plumbing)* Contractor is to beresponsible for the design and installation of theHep2O® systems (1 to 4 below as appropriate) inaccordance with Hepworth Building Productsinstructions, all relevant statutory requirements,standards or codes of practice.

1. Pipeline sizes shall:a) Meet anticipated simultaneous water demand for

the building type

b) Provide a water velocity of 2 m/s for cold water,1.3 m/s for hot water

c) Provide a minimum discharge rate at each draw-offpoint (refer to schedule taken from BS 6700)

d) Ensure a cold water storage cistern filling time ofnot more than.......hour(s).

2. Hot water storage system shall ensure the:

a) Storage capacity is sufficient for the building typeb) Primary heat source is capable of raising the water

temperature from 10ºC to 60ºC in 1 hourc) Temperature of stored hot water is 60ºC to 65ºC.

3. Low temperature hot water space heating systemshall ensure:

a) Exposed heat emitters maintain the required roomtemperatures

b) Surface temperature of heat emitters is notgreater than.....ºC.

4. Hep2O® UFH Manifold System shall be installed inaccordance with Hepworth Plumbing Products’recommendations.

OR(Use the following clauses where the plumbingcontractor is not to design the plumbing system)

• Pipe sizes to be installed as shown on the drawingsand performance schedules/tables.

• The cold water stoage cistern filling time in housesup to three bedrooms shall not exceed one hour.

Hep2O® Pipes and Fittings

Pipes for cold and hot water

• Shall be Hep2O® Standard Straight Coiled Pipe,Code.......... and/or

• Shall be Hep2O® Standard Cut Length, Code..........

Pipes for central heating

• Shall be Hep2O® Barrier Straight Coiled Pipe,Code.......... and/or

• Shall be Hep2O® Barrier Cut Length, Code..........

Conduited pipes for central heating

• Shall be Hep2O® Barrier Straight Coiled Pipe,Code.......... and/or

• Shall be Hep2O® Barrier Cut Length, Code..........

• Shall be Hep2O® Conduit System comprising:

Conduit Pipe, Code.........Conduit Junction Box and Lid, Code.........and if requiredTerminal Back Plate, Code HX103

87

As an alternative to separate Barrier Pipes and separateConduit Pipes, use pre-sheathed Barrier Pipe in conduit:

• Shall be Hep2O® Pipe in Pipe System, Code.........

Underfloor heating

• Shall be Hep2O® UFH Manifold System installed inaccordance with Hepworth Plumbing Products’recommendations.

Fittings for pipe joints and tap/tank connections(Hep2O®/Hep2O® and/or Hep2O®/copper)

• Shall be Hep2O® Demountable Fitting(s),Type(s)............. Code(s)............... and/or

• Shall be Hep2O® SlimLine Fitting(s),Type(s)..............Code(s)...............

Adaptors, equipment/appliance connections

• Shall be Hep2O® Auxiliary Fitting(s),Type(s)..............Code(s)...............

Supports, washers, seals

• Shall be Hep2O® Ancillary Item,Type(s)............Code(s)...............

Hep2O® Cold and Hot Water Installations

Installation generally

• Installation, testing and commissioning of the plumbinginstallation shall comply with BS 6700, waterregulations, the water utility company and HepworthPlumbing Products’ recommendations.

• The whole of the plumbing installation shall becarried out by qualified operatives.

• All plumbing components shall be stored in dryconditions in original packaging.

• Hep2O® pipework and fittings shall be protectedfrom prolonged exposure to direct sunlight,preferably in original protective wrappings, untilPractical Completion.

• Where components and materials other than theHep2O® system are located in moisture-prone areas,corrosion resistant fittings/fixings shall be used, inaddition to suitable washers and gaskets for isolationbetween dissimilar metals.

• Unless otherwise shown or specified, all equipment,pipework, components, valves and other itemsrequiring maintenance shall be fully accessible.

• Builder’s work shall comply with the restrictions set forthe cutting of holes, chases and notches within criticalconstruction as described in current Building Regulations.

• All fittings, other than Hep2O®, used below ground or

in concealed or inaccessible locations shall be ofgunmetal or other material resistant to dezincification.

Hep2O® pipe runs

• Approval shall be obtained before commencing workfor routes not accurately shown on drawings.

• Runs shall be straight and parallel or perpendicular towalls, floors or ceilings.This does not apply to the Conduit System.

• The minimum number of joints, bends and offsetsshall be used.

• Hot pipes shall be located above cold pipes whererouted together horizontally, and spaced well awayfrom drinking water pipes.

• Pipes shall not be run through electrical enclosuresor above switchgear distribution boards.

• Sufficient space around pipes shall be allowed to fitinsulation without compression.

• Wherever possible, pipework shall be concealedwithin floor, ceiling or roof voids.

Hep2O® pipe fixing and supports

• All Hep2O® pipes and fittings, and otherequipment/materials shall be securely fixed to thestructure in the specified locations, ensuring theoperation of valves or taps does not strain pipework.

• Pipes passing through walls, floors and otherstructural elements shall be sleeved and the annulargap filled with............

• Open ends of pipes shall be temporarily sealed withend caps to prevent damage to the jointing surfaceand the ingress of dirt, insects or rodents.

• Pipes shall be fixed to falls to avoid trapped air andfacilitate purging and draining.Vents shall be fitted athigh points, and draining taps fitted at low points.

• Pipes shall be supported true to line and at thefollowing maximum centres:

Pipe diameter Horizontal Vertical (mm) (mm) (mm)Up to 16 300 50017 to 25 500 80026 to 32 800 1000

• Additional supports shall be provided as necessarywithin 150mm of connections, junctions and changesof direction.

Hep2O® Specification Clauses

88

Hep2O® pipe bends

• Minimum unsupported cold bend radii for 90º bendsshall be to the following dimensions, dependent onpipe diameters.

Pipe diameter (mm) 10 15 22 28Radius (mm) 80 120 176 224

• Cold Forming Bend Fixture (HX75) shall be used tofully support small radius (eight times pipe diameter)90º bends.

Hep2O® pipe spacing

• Minimum clearances shall be maintained, measuredfrom pipe face or pipe insulation, for the followingconditions:

From floor 150mmFrom ceiling 50mmFrom wall 15mmBetween pipes 25mmFrom electrical conduit, cables, etc 150mm

Hep2O® joints

• Form joints between Hep2O fittings and pipes, andbetween other compatible materials, in accordancewith Hepworth’s jointing instructions.

Pipes entering buildings

• Pipes shall be laid not less than 750mm below finishedground level.

• Where pipes rise into building within 750mm ofexternal face of building or pass within a ventilatedfloor void, insulation shall be fitted to the pipesextending from finished floor level to 600mm beyondexternal face of building.

• Pipe ducts shall be sealed at both ends with anapproved non-hardening, non-cracking, water resistantcompound to a depth of not less than 150mm.

External supply pipes

• Pipes less than 750mm below ground shall be insulated.

Insulation to pipes

EITHER (Use the following clauses to satisfy basic BuildingRegulation requirements)

• Insulation material shall be preformed flexible closedcell or mineral fibre split tube with a thermalconductivity not exceeding 0.035 W/mK.

• Insulation thicknesses shall be to the following values:

Hot water pipes:Equal to the outside diameter of the pipe up to40mm maximum

Cold water pipes:Located internally, externally or in roof spaces –to be in accordance with the recommendations ofBS 5422 referred to in Approved Document L.

• Fire performance of insulation shall be Class 1 spreadof flame when tested to BS 476-7.

• Insulation shall be fitted to cold water pipes inunheated spaces and to potable water pipes.

• Insulation shall be fitted to hot water pipes exceptshort lengths exposed to view adjacent to appliances.

• Insulation shall be fitted in accordance withmanufacturer’s instructions, ensuring that continuity ismaintained over fittings and at supports, leaving nogaps and with the split on ‘blind’ side of pipes.

• Testing shall be completed prior to fitting ofinsulation.

OR (Use the following clauses to satisfy the more onerousrequirements of BS 6700)

• Insulation shall be to BS 6700, clause 2.7, BuildingRegulation Approved Document L1, and BS 5422.

• Insulation material shall be preformed flexible closedcell or mineral fibre split tube, thickness to currentBuilding Regulations.


• Insulation shall be fitted to cold water pipes inunheated spaces and to potable water pipes.

• Insulation shall be fitted to hot water pipes exceptshort lengths exposed to view adjacent to appliances.


• The maximum permissible lengths of uninsulated hotwater pipes shall be as follows:

Up to and including 12mm diameter pipe - 20m

Over 12mm, up to and including 22mm diameter pipe - 12m

Over 22mm, up to and including 28mm diameter pipe- 8m


89

Valves

• Valve types shall have appropriatepressure/temperature ratings and be approved fortheir intended use by the local water utility company.

• Valves shall be provided for isolation and regulation ofall equipment and sub-circuits.

• Valves shall be located to ensure they can be readilyoperated, maintained and adjacent to appliancesrequiring isolation.

• Valves shall be fitted with handwheels for controlpurposes and lockshields for isolation or regulation ofcircuits/appliances.

• Valves shall be fitted with joints to suit pipe material.

• Stop valves and draw-off taps for above ground hotand cold water supplies shall be copper alloy to BS1010-2, Kitemark certified.

• Stop valves for below ground cold water suppliesshall be DZR copper alloy CZ 132 to BS 5433.

• Gate valves for the isolation and regulation of heatingcircuits shall be copper alloy to BS 5154, Series B,Kitemark certified.

• Double check valve assemblies to prevent backflowcontamination of water supplies shall be copper alloyto BS 6282-1 with intervening test cock to BS 2879.

Hep2O® Low Temperature Hot WaterSpace Heating Installation

Installation generally

(as cold and hot water installations)

Hep2O® pipe runs


Hep2O® pipe fixing and supports


Hep2O® pipe bends


Hep2O® pipe spacing


Hep2O® joints


Insulation to pipes

• Insulation material shall be preformed flexible closedcell or mineral fibre split tube with a thermalconductivity not exceeding 0.035 W/mK.

• Insulation thicknesses shall be to the following values:

Heating and primary pipes:Equal to the outside diameter of the pipe up to40mm maximum

Cold water pipes:Located internally, externally or in roof spaces –to be in accordance with the recommendations ofBS 5422 referred to in Approved Document L.


• Insulation shall be fitted to cold water pipes inunheated spaces.

• Insulation shall be fitted to heating pipes except shortlengths exposed to view adjacent to appliances.



Provisional Sums

• Allow for the following provisional sums:

Service connectionsFuel for testing.

Hep2O® Special Applications

90

BoatsThe flexibility of Hep2O® means itcan be cabled around the interiorcavities of boats and easily hiddenbehind bulkheads. Light in weight,Hep2O® will not add unduly to thedraft of the vessel.

There are three key problems withtraditional plumbing in marine craft:

• prolonged and damaging vibrationfrom the engine and forces of thesea may cause soldered orcompression joints to crack orwork themselves loose. Theflexibility of Hep2O® pipeabsorbs these damaging forces,and jointing technology ensures asecure joint will not come looseduring its service life.

• electrolytic corrosion may occuras a result of contact establishedbetween dissimilar metals in theplumbing system and the boat’sconstruction. This can causedamage to both, but will notoccur with Hep2O®.

• salt water is itself extremelycorrosive to most metal plumbingsystems but has no effect onHep2O® pipe or fittings.

CaravansHep2O® is ideal for caravaninstallation where its lightness andflexibility allows fitting in confinedspaces without damage to thefabric of the vehicle, or addingunduly to the kerbside weight.Resistance to corrosion andfreezing make Hep2O® an obviouschoice for this application.

Agricultural andHorticultural UseBecause of its resistance to damage,corrosion and cold weather,Hep2O® has many applications inagricultural and horticulturalenvironments. Typical installationsideally suited to Hep2O® are thewater supply to milking parlours,drinking troughs and horticulturalwatering systems.

ExhibitionsThe temporary nature of mostexhibitions combined with therequirement that services be runfor considerable distances withmultiple take-off points, requires aplumbing system which is not onlyflexible, but also capable of regulardismantling and remaking todifferent layouts. Hep2O®

combining flexible pipe withdemountable joints, offers a uniquesolution to this problem, giving apositive cost saving (as little waste isincurred) with the opportunity tomodify the overall design installationto suit short-term requirements.

Portable Buildings (site cabins, toilets etc.)Similar in many respects tocaravans, portable homes oftenrequire connection to morepermanent services.

The Hep2O® range includes all thenecessary items to ensurecompliance with local water byelaws(e.g. double check valves) whilstallowing the building to be movedto another location when required,with the minimum disruption tointernal systems. Coupled with theability to install in difficult spacesand the ability to rotate fittings toallow better access to valves etc.Hep2O® is the ideal choice forthese structures.

Air Conditioning SystemsHep2O® is ideal for the condensatepipes from air conditioning systemsand chilling systems, and in manylow pressure systems will also besuitable for the primary circulation.If in doubt contact the HepworthPlumbing Products TechnicalAdvisory Service.

91

Hep2O® Precautionary Advice

Where Not to Use Hep2O®

The Hep2O® system has beendesigned and tested to meet therequirements of modern heatingand water distribution systems.

Testing has not been carried out todetermine suitability for otherpurposes and therefore should notbe used for instance, in thefollowing applications:

• conveyance of gas.

• conveyance of fuel oil.

• in areas contaminated bypetroleum and oil derivatives.

• compressed air.

• Hep2O® is not suitable for usein systems where the watercarried in the pipe contains ahigh concentration of chlorinee.g. swimming pools ordecorative water features.

• Hep2O® will not be affected bythose levels of chlorine expectedin UK water supply (typically lessthan 0.5ppm). Short termchlorination for disinfection willnot have an adverse effect on thesystem. See page 44.

• Hep2O® should only be used forthe secondary circulation of a solarheating system, not for a primarycircuit as temperature cannot bethermostatically controlled.

• Hep2O® should be protected atall times from exposure to directsunlight and ultra violet light.

• Hep2O® should not be installedin ringmain installations.

A ringmain is a water-replenishedcirculating system maintained at aconstant high temperature toprovide a permanent source of hotwater to its distributing pipes.

Typical locations where ringmainsystems are used are hospitals orhotels which distribute constant hotwater to wards or rooms at adistance from heat source.

This restriction does not apply todomestic systems operatingintermittently at temperatures lessthan 65°C where a design life of 50years as detailed in BS 7291: 2001can be expected.

Trouble Free Installationof Hep2O®

Most installers that have workedextensively with Hep2O® will haveexperienced the odd problem fromtime to time. Based on customerfeedback and over 20 yearsexperience in dealing with suchoccurrences, the following aresimple but effective precautionarysteps that when taken will ensuretrouble free installation.

Potential joint problems can bedivided into two main categories,and can also be used as the basis forappropriate specification clauses.

Pipe derived problems

By far the majority of problemsoccur because the pipe end insertedinto the fitting has been damaged insome way. This can create a leakpathway via the scratch or indentfor water to pass. This type ofdamage can occur at various pointsalong the route to finallycommissioning the plumbing system.But in general taking a fewprecautionary measures caneradicate any such problems:

• take care in how and where theproduct is stored, retain pipe inprotective packaging until it is tobe used.

• never use an open bladed knifeto remove the pipe packaging.

• always use the attached shieldedblade tool to remove packagingand cut on the inside of the coil,thus enabling the pipe to becontained within the packaginguntil the last metre.

• when threading pipe throughholes in stone, brick and blockwalls always use a pipe sleeve oralternatively a small piece of foampipe insulation to protect thepipe from the rough surface.

• ensure exposed first fix pipeworkis protected after initial installationif further connections are to bemade to the pipe. By simplypushing a temporary endprotector onto the pipe, it ensuresthat no debris will enter the pipeand furthermore it will protect thepipe end from damage.

Fitting derived problems

Problems can arise for a number ofreasons, such as grit or debrisingress into the joint prior tocoupling, or sometimes theinadvertent omission of an integralcomponent part of the joint due topast interference by the installer ora possible third party. Again taking afew general precautionary measurescan eradicate any such incidents:

• store materials in a secure placefree from dust and dirt etc.

• keep fittings in their bags untilready for use.

• when fittings are de-mountedensure they are correctly re-assembled.

• do not take joint componentsfrom new fittings to replacedamaged or lost components inother fittings.

• always follow the do and don’tguidelines leaflets included withall bags of fittings.

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✖

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Hep2O® Environmental Considerations

92

Sustainability of InstallationsPolybutylene (PB) has beensuccessfully used in pipe applicationsin Europe for almost thirty years. InAustria and Germany, districtheating and underfloor heatingschemes of the early 1970’s are stilloffering trouble-free operation.

Perhaps the most noteworthysuccess to date of polybutylene (PB)as a material for pipework is its usein the Vienna Geothermal Project.Since 1974, very aggressivegeothermal water has been utilisedas the heating medium and is stilloperating today at a constanttemperature of 54ºC and at 10 barpressure. In the same application,metal pipes had proved totallyunsuitable due to rapid corrosionproblems.

The sustainability of polybutylene (PB)pipes is therefore proven throughlong-standing, trouble-free service.Since these first installations, advancesin both material technology andproduction processes, combined withthe introduction of stringentstandards, has furthered theperformance and reliability ofpolybutylene (PB) piping systems.

International standards now specify aminimum 50 years performance forpolybutylene (PB) hot water pipesoperating at 70ºC and 10 barpressure.

There are no internationalstandardised requirements for thelifetime performance of metal pipes.

Table 16 The Life Cycle Stages of a Product

Life cycle stage of product Material of productMetals Plastics

Raw material sourcing Ore mining Crude oil extraction

Raw material processing Metal refining Oil refining/cracking

Pipe material production Smelting Polymerisation

Pipe manufacture Rolling Extrusion

Fittings manufacture Casting, re-shaping Injection moulding

Pipe system installation Soldering, clamping Welding, clamping, gluing, push-fit

Installation life expectancy Not standardised Minimum 50 years

Environmental ImpactThe impact which a material has onthe environment in terms of, forinstance, landscape scarring, emissionsinto the atmosphere, soil and water,and the potential for recycling isassessed in what is commonly referredto as a ‘cradle to grave’ study. Such astudy was conducted by the TechnicalUniversity of Berlin on variousdrinking water pipe installationsystems, including both metals(galvanised steel and copper) andplastics, i.e. cross-linked polyethylene(PE-X), polybutylene (PB),polypropylene (PP-R), and chlorinatedpolyvinylchloride (PVC-C).

The study included the life cyclestages of a product (either of metalor plastics), from extraction ofmaterials through to the end of itsuseful life, as shown in Table 16.

Each of the life cycle stages listedin Table 16 and their implicationsfor energy use are described onpages 93 and 94.

IntroductionHepworth Plumbing Products iscommitted to promoting measuresfor limiting the adverseenvironmental impact of itsoperations. With the increasingawareness of environmental issuesand growing legislative controls, anenvironmental policy and cohesivemanagement system has beenimplemented to co-ordinate,control and continually improvestandards of environmentalperformance. Where possible, theenvironmental management system(EMS) is integrated with all themanufacturing operationsundertaken at Hepworth PlumbingProducts’ manufacturing plants.

The endorsement of a product forany particular application isincreasingly influenced by its potentialimpact on our environment. The twomain factors taken into account incalculating this impact are:

• the period of time for which aproduct fulfils its intended usebefore the need for replacement– otherwise known as its‘sustainability’.

• the negative impact a product hason the environment during itsmanufacture and use, both interms of its fuel efficiency andenvironmental damage, and alsotaking the possibility of recycling.

The following information has beentaken from a paper entitled‘Polybutene-1 Piping Systems in Use’issued by the Polybutene PipingSystems Association.

93

Raw material sourcing

The mining of metallic ores, which ispredominantly open cast mining,results in a lasting scar on thelandscape. The fraction of metalextracted from the ore (1 to 2%)exacerbates this problem.

Crude oil in contrast, is extractedvia a bore-hole and consequentlyhas much less of a lasting effect onthe landscape. Furthermore, almost100% of crude oil is subsequentlyconverted into useable products,e.g. oils, fuels and chemicals.

Raw material processing andpipe material production

The refining and smelting of metalsconsumes far more energy than therefining of oil and polymerisation ofplastics. The emissions from metalsproduction processes in terms ofsoil, air and water pollution also farexceed the impact of oil refining andplastics polymerisation.

The emissions into soil from metalrefining are increased due to thelarge fraction of the electrical energyused for smelting being generated bycoal combustion. The ore residues,together with the ashes from powerproduction have a considerablepolluting effect on the landscape.Emissions from these metal refiningprocesses also have an impact onboth water and air pollution due tothe generation of sulphur dioxide,carbon dioxide, other gases andairborne particles, plus sulphates andother solid/chemical emissions. Incontrast, the oil refining and plasticspolymerisation processes generatevery little in the way of emissionssince they are essentially fullyintegrated processes.

Pipe and fitting manufacture

For both metals and plastics theproduction of pipes and fittingsinvolves raising the temperature ofthe raw materials above theirmelting/softening points. Thetemperatures involved, however, aremuch higher for metals incomparison with plastics, withconsequential differences in energyefficiency ratings.

Pipe systems installations

The weight of piping is an importantfactor in assessing the overall energyefficiency of the piping system. Due totheir much lighter weight, plasticsmaterials exhibit a distinct advantageover metal pipes in this respect. Thetotal energy consumption tomanufacture metal pipes required forthe piping system of, for instance, a 16-family housing complex is significantlyhigher than for plastic pipes. Figure 33shows the total energy consumed(total weight account for) in producingthe complete piping network in eachof the different materials.

Installation life expectancy

Two considerations should be takeninto account with respect to the lifeexpectancy of a piping installation.Firstly, the lifetime of a system delaysthe need for replacement, and hencereduces the environmental impact ona time-dependent scale. Secondly,when a material has completed itsuseful applicational life, itsenvironmental impact is reduced if itcan be recycled. Both metal andpolyolefin thermoplastics, includingpolybutylene (PB), can be recycled.However, since the plastics pipingsystems are expected by standardsaccreditation to provide a service lifein excess of 50 years, it is difficult toreliably predict the environmentalimpact of recycling on such a longtimescale.

Energy consumption (mega joules)

Copper

Material

Galv steel

50000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

PVC-C

PP-R

Polybutylene(PB)

PE-X

Figure 33 Total Energy Consumption (during manufacture/installation/use)of the Complete Piping System for a 16-Family Housing Complex

Hepworth’s Doncaster manufacturing plant

Hep2O® Environmental Considerations

94

Quantifying the environmentalimpact of emissions

To quantify the environmental impactof emissions, the Technical Universityof Berlin developed a standardisedcomparison method referred to asVENOB (Vergleichende NormierendeBewertung). This environmentalanalysis compares the energyconsumption in relation to theresulting emissions in air, water andsoil during each stage of a product’scomplete life cycle from raw materialsourcing to the installation of thepiping system. The Universityevaluated six different materials usedfor drinking water pipe installationsaccording to DIN 1988 Part 3 on thebasis of the 16-family housingcomplex with central hot and coldwater distribution at 4 bar pressure.

Figures 34, 35 and 36 illustrate thestandardised comparison (VENOB)of the various pipe materials’ impacton the environment in terms of soil,water and air emissions respectively.The impact factor is a comparativenumber only. The material with thelowest number will have the leastenvironmental impact.

Comparative impact factor (no units)

Copper

Material

Galv steel

5.00.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0

PVC-C

PP-R

Polybutylene(PB)

PE-X

Figure 34 Standardised Comparison (VENOB) of Various Pipe Materials’ Impact on the Environment – Emissions in Soil


Copper

Material

Galv steel

0.50.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

PVC-C

PP-R

Polybutylene(PB)

PE-X

Figure 35 Standardised Comparison (VENOB) of Various Pipe Materials’ Impact on the Environment – Emissions in Water


Copper

Material

Galv steel

2.00.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

PVC-C

PP-R

Polybutylene(PB)

PE-X

Figure 36 Standardised Comparison (VENOB) of Various Pipe Materials’ Impact on the Environment – Emissions in Air

95

Hep2O® International Standards

International standardsorganisations

The performancecharacteristics of Hep2O®

pipes and fittings have beenassessed by the countries listedon this page and shown tomeet acceptable standards.

Hep2O® products thereforeincorporate their standardorganisation’s logo, indicatingthat they comply with theperformance requirements ofthe listed country concerned.

Holland

Germany

Spain

Austria

Poland

Hungary

Australia/New Zealand

This standard covers the completerange of Hep2O® pipes and fittings(i.e. 10 to 28mm diameter)

This standard only covers selected16, 20 and 28mm pipes and fittingsfrom the Hep2O® range (i.e. 10 to28mm diameter)


This standard covers the Hep2O®

Euro metric range that includes 16,20 and 25mm diameter pipes andfittings.

This standard only covers 15, 22, 25and 28mm diameter pipes andfittings from the Hep2O® range.

This standard only covers 15, 22 and28mm, including 16 and 20mmdiameter pipes and fittings from theHep2O® range.


Index

96

A

Acoustic 44

Access to pipes and joints 68, 74

Adaptors

Female BSP to Hep2O® (socket type) 23

Female BSP to Hep2O® (spigot type) 24

Hep2O® to imperial copper 14, 46

Male BSP to Hep2O® (socket type) 23

Male BSP to Hep2O® (spigot type) 23

Tap connector BSP to Hep2O® 24

Additives

Antifreeze 82

Anti-corrosion 83

Advisory service 96

Alterations to pipes and fittings 52

Ancillary items for products 32-35

Appearance 3

Appliance valves 27

Approvals 81

Auxiliary fittings 23-31

B

Ball valve 26

Bend 135º 16

Bending radius 42

Benefits of Hep2O® 8

Bent tap connector

Demountable 18

SlimLine 22

Blanking peg 34

Blanking plug 22

Biological 44

Bonding – electrical 45

Branch and one end reduced tee

Demountable 17

SlimLine 21

Branch reduced tee

Demountable 17

SlimLine 21

Branch reduced tee – spigot 17

British Standards 81, 96

Building Regulations 81

C

Cabling Hep2O® pipework through joists 64

Calculations for pipe sizing 60

Central heating layout (domestic) 71

Central heating & water services calculator 39, 59

Central heating pipe sizing 59, 60, 63

Chlorine 44, 91

Clipping distances for pipes 66

Cold forming bend fixture 38

Cold water pipe sizing 59, 60, 61

Comparative quantities for Hep2O® and copper 72

Compatibility with other materials

(see Connection of Hep2O®)

Concealed Hep2O® pipe locations 69

(see also Exposed Hep2O® pipe locations)

Conductivity – heat 43

Conduit system 36, 37, 74, 75, 76, 77

Conical tap connector washer 33

Connection of Hep2O®

adjacent to capillary joints 47

to appliances 49

to boilers 51

to brass spigots 47

to chrome plated copper or stainless steel pipes 47

to compression fittings 47

to copper pipes

metric 46

imperial 46

to cylinders 70

to draw-off taps 49

to Hepworth Acorn system 47

to incoming service pipes 48

to plastic pipes 47

to pumps and valves 50

to radiators and storage vessels 50

to steel pipes and threaded bosses 49

Construction types and water distribution 71-80

Copper and Hep2O® compared 3, 72, 73

Copper pipe cut end protector 35, 46

Corrosion

Chemical effects 44

Inhibitors 83

Cut lengths of pipe 13

(see also Straight coils of pipe)

Cutting pipes 6

Cycling – thermal 41

Cylinder connector 25, 50

Cylinder cupboard layouts 70

D

Demountable fittings 14-18

Design considerations

Introduction 53

Systems planning 54-70


Regulations and guidance 81

Dismantling a joint (Demountable fittings) 52

Domestic central heating layout 71

Domestic plumbing layouts

Direct and sealed 55

Direct and sealed using combination boiler 56

Indirect and vented 54

Domestic timber floors and Hep2O® 64, 71-73

Double-check valve 28

Double spigot reducer 15, 59

Draincock 24

Drilling holes through timber joists 65

97

Drylined walls and Hep2O® 80

Durability 41

E

Elbow 90º

Demountable 15

SlimLine 19

Elbow 90º single socket

Demountable 15

SlimLine 20

End reduced tee

Demountable 16

SlimLine 20

Environmental considerations 92-94

Equal tee

Demountable 16

SlimLine 20

Equipotential bonding 45

European construction and Hep2O® 76-77

Exposed Hep2O® pipe locations 69

(see also Concealed Hep2O® pipe locations)

Extensions to plumbing system 9, 52

F

Fitting clip 33

Fittings product range 14-40

Flat tap connector washer 34

Flexibility 3, 8, 42, 64

Floor screeds and Hep2O® 74

Flow rates 58, 59, 60

Freezing for maintenance or system modification 82

Freezing resistance 43, 82

Frost protection 43

G

Gate valve 25

Grab ring 5

Grab wedge 5, 35, 52

Guarantee 2

H

Handling 83

Health and safety 64, 81

Hep2O® and copper compared 3, 72, 73

Hep2O® connection to other materials

(see Connection of Hep2O®)

Hot water pipe sizing 59, 60, 62

Hydrostatic pressure resistance 41

I

Industrial affiliations 2

Installation design




Installation precautionary advice

(see Precautionary Advice)

Internal drywall systems and Hep2O® 78

International standards 95

J

Joint formation 6

Joint test kit 39, 82

Joint pressure test procedure 82

L

Light 44, 83

Lockshield valve 28, 50

Long term failure 41

Lubrication of joints 52

M

Maintenance 52, 82

Manifolds and microbore plumbing 67

Manifolds (types of) 29, 30, 59

Manufacturing standards 2, 96

Markings 6

Melting point 43

Microbore systems 67

Modification of plumbing system 52

Modulus of elasticity 42

N

Noise reduction 44

Nomograms for pipe sizing 61-63

O

Opacity 44

‘O’ ring seal 35

P

Painting Hep2O® 82

Performance data for Hep2O®

Acoustic 44

Biological

organic growth 44

rodent attack 44

Corrosion and chemical effects

corrosion and oxygen diffusion 44

contact with chemicals 44

scale resistance 44

Electrical safety 45

Flexibility

modulus of elasticity 42

manipulation of pipework 42

thermal expansion 42

Scale resistance 44

Strength and durability

pull-out resistance 41

hydrostatic pressure resistance 41

thermal cycling 41

Index

98

Thermal characteristics

thermal conductivity 43

melting point 43

connection to boilers 43

solder joints 43

freezing temperatures 43

Thermal insulation

thermal diffusivity 43

frost protection 43

central heating 43

gas and oil fired domestic hot water installations 43

Ultra-violet light

opacity 44

Pipe

Standard

Straight coils 12

Cut lengths 13

Barrier

Straight coils 12

Cut lengths 13

Pipe in pipe 13

Conduit 36, 68, 74, 75

Pipe clipping distances 66

Pipe clips

Nail type (cable) 33, 66

Screw type 32, 66

Spacer 32, 66

Pipe cutters 38

Pipe in pipe system 13, 68

Pipe product range 12, 13

Pipe step over 31

Pipe support sleeve 6, 32

Pipes through, and adjacent to, metalwork 69

Pipes through walls and floors 69

Pipework insulation 43

Precautionary advice

Trouble-free installation 91

Where not to use Hep2O® 91

Pressure testing 82

Product range

Adaptors

Female BSP to Hep2O® (socket type) 23

Female BSP to Hep2O® (spigot type) 24

Hep2O® to imperial copper 14, 46

Male BSP to Hep2O® (socket type) 23

Male BSP to Hep2O® (spigot type) 23

Tap connector BSP to Hep2O® 24

Ancillary items 32-35

Appliance valves 27

Auxiliary fittings 23-31

Ball valve 26

Bend 135º 16

Bent tap connector

Demountable 18

SlimLine 22

Blanking peg 34

Blanking plug 22

Branch and one end reduced tee

Demountable 17

SlimLine 21

Branch reduced tee

Demountable 17

SlimLine 21

Branch reduced tee – spigot 17

Cold forming bend fixture 38

Conduit system 36, 37

Conical tap connector washer 33

Copper pipe cut end protector 35

Cylinder connector 25

Demountable fittings 14-18

Double-check valve 28

Double spigot reducer 15

Draincock 24

Elbow 90º

Demountable 15

SlimLine 19

Elbow 90º single socket

Demountable 15

SlimLine 20

End reduced tee

Demountable 16

SlimLine 20

Equal tee

Demountable 16

SlimLine 20

Escutcheon plate (for radiator) 31

Fitting clip 33

Flat tap connector washer 34

Gate valve 25

Grab wedge 35

Lockshield valve 28

Manifolds 29-30

‘O’ ring seal 35

Pipe

Standard, straight coils 12

Standard, cut lengths 13

Barrier, straight coils 12

Barrier, cut lengths 13

Pipe in pipe 13

Conduit 36

Pipe clips

Nail type (cable) 33

Screw type 32

Spacer 32

Pipe in pipe system 13, 68

Pipe step over 31

Pipe cutters 38

Pipe support sleeve 32

Radiator connector 31

Radiator draincock 28

Radiator valve 28

Routabout system 40

Shut-off valves 27

SlimLine fittings 19-22

Socket reducer

Demountable 14

SlimLine 19

Stopcocks

Hep2O® to Hep2O® 26

MDPE to Hep2O® 26

99

Straight connector

Demountable 14

SlimLine 19

Straight tap connector

Demountable 18

SlimLine 21

Tank connector 18

Thermostatic radiator valve 27

Underfloor heating pipe 57

Wall plate elbow 25

Wedge removal tool 34

Product selector 10-11

Properties of Hep2O®

(see Performance data)

Pull-out resistance of Hep2O® joints 41

Q

Quality control 96

R

Radiator connectors and escutcheon plates 31, 78

Radiator draincock 28

Radiator valve 28

Radiators 50, 60, 71, 73


Re-assembling a joint 52

Rodent attack 44

Rotatability 3, 8, 48

Routabout system 40

S

Safety

Electrical 45

Fire 64

Scale resistance 44

Shut-off valves 27

Silicone lubricant 52

Size and weight 42

Sizing of pipework 59-63

Sleeving pipework 6

SlimLine fittings 19-22

Socket reducer

Demountable 14

SlimLine 19

Special applications

Agricultural and horticultural use 90

Air conditioning systems 90

Boats 90

Caravans 90

Exhibitions 90

Portable buildings (site cabins, toilets) 90

Specification clauses 86-89

Standards

Installation 81

Manufacturing 81

International 95

Steel framed buildings and Hep2O® 78-79

Stopcock (cold water)

Hep2O® to Hep2O® 26, 48

MDPE to Hep2O® 26, 48

Storage 83

Straight coils of pipe 12

(see also Cut lengths of pipe)

Straight coil technology 3, 83

Straight connector

Demountable 14

SlimLine 19

Straight tap connector

Demountable 18

SlimLine 21

System alterations and extensions 52


T

Tank connector 18

Temperatures and pressures 58

Temporary blanking of pipework

Alterations 52

Pressure testing 82

Thermal insulation 43

Thermostatic radiator valve 27

Timber framed buildings and Hep2O® 78-79

Timber joists

Cabling with Hep2O® 64

Drilling parameters

Traditional joists 65

Engineered joists 65

Transportation of Hep2O® 83

U

Underfloor heating 57

V

Vermin 44

W

Wall plate elbow 25

Water byelaws 81, 96

Water distribution and construction types 71-80

Wedge removal tool 34

Workability 3, 42, 64

Contact Information

100

Technical Advisory ServiceHepworth Plumbing Products offer a comprehensiverange of support services to ensure that any queries canbe dealt with swiftly and efficiently.

RIBA CPD seminar provider.

To obtain guidance on planning installations and toreceive immediate advice of a technical nature telephonethe Hepworth Plumbing Products Technical AdvisoryService.

Enquiry Hotlines

Tel: 01709 856406 Fax: 01709 856407

Literature ServiceHep2O® is only distributed through builders’ andplumbers’ merchants and can be obtained nationwide.

For details of your nearest Hep2O® stockist contactHepworth Plumbing Products.

To receive a Product Guide or Consumer InformationLeaflet, please ring the Literature Hotline.

Enquiry Hotlines

Tel: 01709 856408 Fax: 01709 856409

WebsiteWeb: www.hep2o.co.uk(A new website specifically for Hep2O®)

Orders and EnquiriesEnquiry Hotlines

Tel: 01709 856400 Fax: 01709 856401

This Technical Handbook follows requirements stated inthe standards and regulations listed on page 81.

Should it differ from any new UK or Europeanrequirements issued since this publication was printed,please obtain clarification by calling the appropriateEnquiry Hotline above.

© 2003 Hepworth Building Products Limited.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission ofHepworth Plumbing Products.

® Hep2O is a registered trademark of Hepworth Building Products Limited.

Our policy is one of constant development. Whilst this publication is accurate atthe date of printing, specification/approvals may be changed in the interest ofcontinued improvement.

Edlington Lane, Edlington, Doncaster, DN12 1BY, United Kingdom

The flexible push-fit plumbing system

Technical Handbo

ok

March 2003

Technical Handbook

March 2003

In6CI/SfB

EPICUniclassL5171 E271

(53)

The FlexiblePush-fit

Plumbing System

Edlington LaneEdlingtonDoncasterDN12 1BY

United KingdomTel: +44 (0)1709 856300Fax: +44 (0)1709 856301

Email: [email protected]: www.hepworthplumbing.co.uk

http://www.hepworthplumbing.co.uk

mailto: [email protected]

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