BRIDGING MINES AND COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION

Rosalyn Chan Duncan Pieterse Dennis Wang Lauren Tronick

Team #20

Mining Matters.

• Contribution to GDP: • 8.8% Direct, 18% Indirect/Induced

• Economic Investment • Accounted for 29% of All-share index at the end of 2011

• Employment and Absorption of an Unskilled Work force • Direct: 498,141 workers, Indirect: 500,000 workers

• Foreign Exchange • Primary mineral sales exports are 28% of total merchandise exports

• South Africa’s mines are the world’s largest producers of key minerals

Mining Comes at a Human Cost.

Health

• TB • HIV • Noise-Induced

Hearing Loss • Pneumoconiosis

• Silicosis • Asbestosis • Combination with

TB • Chronic

Obstructive Airway Disease

Environment • Acid Mine Drainage • Erosion and

Sedimentation • Cyanide/Chemical

Releases • Dust Emissions • Habitat Modification • Surface and

groundwater

Social • Family Separation • Increased

Engagement with Commercial Sex Workers

• Boom-and-Bust Development

• Lack of mining- community integration

• Unrest due to insufficient compensation

The Mankanyi Approach:

Prevent.

Promote.

Protect.

The Dust Initiative.

Prevent.

Public Sector

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Mining

Private Sector

Miners Mining Companies

Problem: Burden of Respiratory Disease

Solution: •Primary prevention: Engineering controls •Secondary prevention: Surveillance and

screening •Tertiary Prevention: Diagnosis and rehabilitation

Strategy: •Modification and extension of SIMRAC Phase 2

Community Transformation Project.

Promote.

Public Sector

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Mining

Private Sector

Miners Mining Companies

Problem: Lack of mining-community integration

Solution: •Community development agreements •Conversion of hostels to family units •Procurement from HDSAs of consumables and

services

Strategy: •Legislation on when a CDA is required •License forfeiture

Miner Compensation Reform.

Protect.

Public Sector

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Mining

Private Sector

Miners Mining Companies

Problem: Awareness, accessibility, and structure of the compensation system

Solution: •1. Awareness: Worker and health care

professionals •2. Accessibility: Regional offices •3. Structure: Surveillance, harmonization of

entitlements, integrated inspection, payment system, addressing disease latency, levy reform

Strategy: Comprehensive compensation reform (Miners Compensation Commission)

Budget.

0

500,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,500,000,000

2,000,000,000

2,500,000,000

3,000,000,000

3,500,000,000

4,000,000,000

Years 1-2

Years 3-4

Years 5-6

Years 7-8

Years 9-10

Miner Compensation Reform ($20,000,000 per year) Community Transformation Project

Dust Initiative ($156,000,000 per year)

Total: $17, 240,000,000

Benefits of The 3 Ps.

• Utilization and modification of existing institutional arrangements

• Restoring governmental popularity and credibility

• Empowering local communities • Comprehensive reform

Looking Forward.

• Good governance • Labor brokering • Union relations

• Company transparency • Accountability

• Home state liability

Conclusion.

By preventing respiratory harm through The Dust Initiative, promoting a long term

commitment to housing and health care through the Community Transformation

Project, and protecting the welfare of miners and their families with The Miner

Compensation Reform Plan, our proposal effectively and sustainably improves the state

and image of the mining industry in South Africa.

Questions?

Appendix A: • Mining and Environmental Impact Guide,

http://www.bullion.org.za/Departments/Environment/Downloads/Impact%20Guide/GDACE%20Mining%20and%20Environmental%20Impact%20Guide.pdf

Appendix B:

Appendix C:

Appendix D: • Lahiri, Levenstein, et al. “The Cose-Effectiveness of Occupational Health

Interventions: Prevention of Silicosis.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 48:503-514. 2005.

• Stanton, Belle, Dekker, and Plessis. “South African Mining Industry Best Practice on the Prevention of Silicosis.” Mine Health and Safety Council Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee. March, 2006.

• Stuckler, Basu, and McKee. “Governance of Mining, HIV, and Tuberculosis in South Africa.” Global Health Governance. 4: 1-13. 2010.

• Moshelanoka, Kisting, Rees, Sekudu, and Doyle. “National Programme for the Elimination of Silicosis.” South Africa Department of Labor.

• Reid and Shah. “Approaches to tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in people with HIV in resource-limited settings.” Lancet Infectious Disease. 9: 173-184. 2009.

• Stanton, Mbekeni, et al. “Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee Final Report: SIMRAC Silicosis Control Programme - Phase 1.” Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee. June 2003.

• Rees, Murray, et al. “Oscillating Migration and the Epidemics of Silicosis, Tuberculosis, and HIV Infection in South African Gold Miners.” American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 53:398-404. 2010.

Appendix E:

Appendix F: References • “Mining Community Development Agreements Source Book.” World Bank. 2012.

http://www.eisourcebook.org/cms/Mining%20Community%20Development%20Agreements%20Source%20Book.pdf

• “Increasing Local Procurement By the Mining Industry in West Africa.” World Bank. 2012. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY2/Resources/8411-West_Africa.pdf

• “Scorecard for the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining Industry.” Mining and Minerals Industry. 2004. http://www.anglogold.co.za/NR/rdonlyres/073848D0-93CE-4BF1-AF56-8574C4C1F4C1/0/MiningCharter.pdf

• “Amended Mining Charter.” Newsroom. 2010. http://www.chartwellgroup.co.za/news-room/the-amended-mining/

• “South Africa’s Burden of Disease.” Econex. 2009. http://www.mediclinic.co.za/about/Documents/ECONEX%20NHI%20note%202.pdf

• “Water, mining, and waste: an historical and economic perspective on conflict management in South Africa.” The Economics of Peace and Security Journal. 2007. http://www.ehrn.co.za/publications/download/119.pdf

• “Improving Mining Benefits for Communities.” World Bank Oil, Gas, Mining Unit. 2011. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTOGMC/0,,contentMDK:22616285~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:336930,00.html

• “Cost-Effective Interventions.” Disease Control Priorities Project. 2006. http://www.dcp2.org/sdirect/_/main/BrowseInterventions,interventionFilterForm.html

Appendix G: • Scorecard for the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South

African Mining Industry (2004), http://www.anglogold.co.za/NR/rdonlyres/073848D0-93CE-4BF1-AF56-8574C4C1F4C1/0/MiningCharter.pdf

Appendix H: South Africa’s Burden of Disease (2009) Quadruple Disease Burden, http://www.mediclinic.co.za/about/Documents/ECONEX%20NHI%20note%202.pdf

Appendix I: Water, mining, and waste: an historical and economic perspective on conflict management in South Africa (2007), http://www.ehrn.co.za/publications/download/119.pdf

Appendix J:

• Cost-Effective Interventions, Disease Control Priorities Project, http://www.dcp2.org/sdirect/_/main/BrowseInterventions,interventionFilterForm.html

Appendix K: • Legislation Initiatives, http://www.palgrave-

journals.com/jphp/journal/v32/n1s/fig_tab/jphp201125t3.html

Appendix L: References • Girdler-Brown, B., White, N., Ehrlich, R., and Churchyard, G. (2008) The Burden of Silicosis,

Pulmonary Tuberculosis and COPD Among Former Basotho Goldminers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 51:640-647.

• Chamber of Mines of South Africa (2007). The South African Mining Industry’s Sustainability and Transformation Report 2007.

• Roberts, J. (2011). The Social Epidemiology of Silicosis: The hidden epidemic of silicotic gold miners in the Eastern Cape - A social disease with medical aspects, and a travesty of justice, presented at the 2011 Critical Studies Seminar Series Hosted by the Departments of Politics and International Studies & Sociology at Rhodes University

• Trapido, A, Mqoqi, N., Williams, B., White, N., Solomon, A., Goode, R., Macheke, C., Davies, A., and Panter, C. (1998) Prevalence of Occupational Lung Disease in a Random Sample of Former Mineworkers, Libode District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 34:305-313.

• Steen, T., Gyi, K., White, N., Gabosianelwe, T., Ludick, S., Mazonde, G., Mabongo, N., Ncube, M., Ehrlich, R. and Schierhout, G. (1997) Prevalence of occupational lung disease among Botswana men formerly employed in the South African mining industry. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54:19-26.

• Republic of South Africa (2011). National Treasury: The Compensation Fund Preliminary Report 2nd Draft [online] Available: http://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/other/ssrr/Session%20One%20Papers/Compensation%20Fund%20Project%202nd%20draft.pdf.

• Ehrlich, R. (2012). A Century of Miners’ Compensation in South Africa, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 55:560–569.

• Mining-Technology (2011). Safeguards Against Silicosis in Mining. http://www.mining-technology.com/features/feature130267

Appendix M:

Appendix O: