teaching speaking.pptx

7/26/2019 Teaching Speaking.pptx

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Teaching Speaking

Brwa Rasul Sharif


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According to Chaney, speaking is the process of

building and sharing meaning through the use of

verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of

contexts. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing

meaning that involves producing and receiving and

processing information !ro"n, #$$%& !urns '

(oyce, #$$)*.

Speaking is the action of conveying information or

expressing one+s thoughts and feelings in spoken

language.

What is speaking?


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1. Transactional function to buy something

and so on*

. Interpersonal function to be sociable, to

express our feelings or opinion, and so on*

The purpose of speaking


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he follo"ing statements are /nglish learners+

response to the 0uestion

1 his is the problem, 2 have been learning/nglish long, but 2 can+t speak, 2 understand

the conversation but 2 can+t ans"er

immediately as 2 like. 1 he problem is to speak /nglish "ith other

people face to face. 2 can+t find "ords. 2

al"ays use the same sentences.+

Which aspects of your English do you

most want to improe?


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1Shynessandinhi!itions

- "indingthingstosay

3

#owparticipationofindiiduals

%#1use

Some pro!lems that students may face.


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he students should actually talk a lot.

he language used should be of an acceptance

level.

$ow to design and administer

procedures to get students to talk%


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2s fluency the ability to speak fast4

- Speed is a factor but it is by no means the

only-or even the most important-one. 5esearch

suggests that pausing is e0ually important. "luency the features "hich give speech the

0ualities of being natural and normal,

including native-like use pausing, rhythm,intonations, stress, rate of speaking, and use of

inter6ections and interruptions.

"luency and &ccuracy


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&ccuracy the learners need to produce a

message that is accurate enough in terms of

"ord order, "ord endings, pronunciation, andso on for the listener to understand.

Controlled activities generally focus on thelearners producing language accurately, "hile

less controlled activities focus on developing

the learners+ fluency.


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2n the classroom "e need to get our learners to

practice both production and interaction.

#* 'rills

a. Substitution drills

b.

ransformation drillsc. 7unctional-situational drills

* (air work and group work

Speaking in the classroom


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3* Interactie actiities

a. 2nformation gap.

b. 8iscussion activitiesc. 5ole plays

d. 9ames

e. 2nformal interaction


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"eed!ack :earners need encouragement and

they need to kno" "hen they are making

mistakes that cause other people not to

understand or misunderstand them.

)orrection 2t is more difficult to decide "hen

to correct. eachers can choose to correct as

soon as the mistake is made or at the end of

the activity or class.

"eed!ack and )orrection


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;o" can "e correct learners4

The adantage of immediate correction is

that the learner can correct the error and use

the corrected language for the rest of theactivity.

The disadantage is that it can break theflo" of communication and possibly de-

motivate or embarrass the learner.


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!ro"n and her colleagues found that prior

experience as a listener helps speakers

improve their performance as a speaker.

here are t"o reasons for this findings

#. 2n the first place, being a listener gives

learners models to deploy "hen acting as a

speaker.

. And being a hearer helps the learner

appreciate the difficulties inherent in the

task.

#istening to facilitate speaking.


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aper conversations

c. Computer mediated chat

d. 5e"riting

Writing to facilitate speaking.


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2ntervie"s

:ive monologues

5ecorded monologues

5ole-plays

Collaborative tasks and discussions

Types of spoken tests


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>ractice makes if not perfect at least

fluent speaker, therefore speaking activities are

the fundamental for speaking. 2 can say

"hoever kno"s speaking a language, it meansthey kno" the language, and vice-versa.

)onclusion


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7lore=, ?. C. #$$$, @ @@*.Improving Adult English Language Learners'

Speaking Skills. 5etrieved from /ricdigests.org

httpBB""".ericdigests.orgB@@@-3Badult.htm

;armer, (. #$$*.How to Teach English.;arlo" Addison earson /ducation :imited.

hornbury, S. @@I*.How to teach speaking.;arlo" >earson /ducation

:imited.

Fr, >. @#*.A %ourse in English Language Teaching.Cambridge

Cambridge Fniversity >ress.

References

teaching speaking.pptx

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