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TRANSCRIPT
Table of Contents
About this Guide...................................................Symbols.................................................................Annuals..................................................................Perennials..............................................................Ornamental Grasses.............................................Vines......................................................................Groundcover.........................................................Shrubs....................................................................Trees.......................................................................Turfgrasses............................................................Index.......................................................................Plan It!....................................................................
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2 | About this Guide
About this Guide
The City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department has partnered with the Oklahoma State University Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture and the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service to promote outdoor water conservation through proper outdoor watering and drought-tolerant landscaping. The plants listed in this guide are targeted for Oklahoma City specifically with many also suitable for the entire state of Oklahoma. All selections were chosen for their heat and drought tolerance as well as commercial availability.
How to use this guide:
This booklet is separated by annuals, perennials, ornamental grasses, vines, groundcover, shrubs, trees, and turfgrasses. Each plant is listed alphabetically by its scientific name within each category. There is also an index in the back listing the plants by common name. The mature height and width are listed, which should be kept in mind when planning a landscape. The growing conditions include light, water and soil pH requirements. Each plant has the season(s) of interest shown. This list also indicates whether each plant is native within Oklahoma, continental US, or outside of the continental US. Many plants listed are considerably more drought resistant when properly mulched. Consumers should note that some listed plant materials can be toxic to pets and humans when ingested. Some plants may cause dermal reactions. People with young children or pets that may ingest landscape plants should check with their garden center or nursery professional if potential toxicity is a concern.
The following plant list is not comprehensive and many other plants not listed in this booklet may be appropriate for the landscape.
Photos Courtesy of:Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma ProvenOKPLANTid.org
The Prairie ProjectLadybird Johnson Wildflower Center
Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
The City ofOKLAHOMA CITY UTILITIES DEPARTMENT
Authors:Courtney L. Keck
Samantha J. SnyderHannah A. Wahlmeier
Malarie J. GotcherJohn M. SchroederMike Schnelle, PhDJustin Q. Moss, PhD
3 | Symbols
Symbols
Light Requirements
Soil pH Requirements
Plant Size
Water Requirements*
Season of Interest
Place of Origin
Full Sun
Acidic (Low pH) L
Height
Moderate
Summer
Outside of US
SUM
Not Native
Spring SPR
Full Sun to Partial Shade
Neutral (pH 7.0) N
Width
Low
Fall
Continental US
FALL
Native
All ALL
Partial to Full Shade
Alkaline (High pH) H
Very Low
Winter
Oklahoma
WIN
OK-Native
*Water requirements can be drastically reduced by liberal use of mulch. Some plants listed are marginally xeric in the absence of mulch. For more information about mulch go to osufacts.okstate.edu and check out L-436 and HLA-6005.
4 | Annuals
Annuals Only last through one growing season
SUM pH: N
Not NativeContinuous flowers through the season, won’t flower if over fertilized. Various flower colors available.
Summer SnapdragonAngelonia angustifolia
12-24” 12-24”
SUM pH: L
Not NativeUseful in shade and sun. Light requirements vary, depending on the selection. Blooms with minimal care.
Wax BegoniaBegonia spp.
8” 12”
SUM pH: N
NativeWorks well as a garden border or in containers. Attractive fruit add color and texture to the plant. Various colors available.
Ornamental PeppersCapsicum spp.
18” 12”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeVery tough, drought tolerant plant. Many varieties available. Plant may be brought indoors by fall to serve as a houseplant.
Asparagus FernAsparagus spp.
18-36” 18-36”
5 | Annuals
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeOver fertilization and overwatering lead to fewer flowers. Various flower colors and heights available.
CosmosCosmos spp.
18” 24”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeGood for sunny, dry borders. Plumes provide a very soft texture and brilliant color throughout the summer. Various flower colors available.
CockscombCelosia spp.
12” 12”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeDoes not perform well in cold, wet soils. Various flower colors available.
PeriwinkleCatharanthus roseus
8” 12”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeTaller varieties good for back of the border plantings. Flowers fully open in morning and evening.
Spider FlowerCleome spp.
24” 36”
SUM pH: H
NativeAccent for hanging baskets and containers. Round, silver foliage provides nice contrast for mixed containers.
Silver FallsTM DichondraDichondra argentea ‘Silver Falls’
2-4” Varies
SPR pH: L
OK-NativeSelf-sows freely; deadhead to prevent volunteer seedlings next season. Commercially available from seed.
Indian PaintbrushCastilleja indivisa
12” 12”
6 | Annuals
SUM pH: N
Not Native
f
Drought and heat tolerant. Flower heads are produced from summer until first frost. Flowers are easy to dry for “everlasting” arrangements.
Globe Amaranth Gomphrena globosa
12” 18”
SUM pH: N
NativeAttracts hummingbirds and butterflies. Leaves turn red during fall.
FirebushHamelia patens
30” 36”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeAttracts butterflies and can reseed aggressively.
Snow-on-the-MountainEuphorbia marginata
36” 24”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeUse in a garden border, container, or as groundcover. True blue flowers until first frost.
Blue Daze Evolvulus pilosus ‘Blue Daze’
12” 24”
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeWorks well in beds, containers, rock gardens, and as an accent. Dakota Gold is an improved selection of an Oklahoma native.
HeleniumHelenium amarum ‘Dakota Gold’
12” 24”
SUM pH: N
NativeWorks well in containers, may have problems in chronically wet soils.
Diamond Frost® EuphorbiaEuphorbia graminea ‘Inneuphdia’
18” 24”
7 | Annuals
SUM pH: N
Not NativeExcellent performance under hot conditions; attracts butterflies. Various flower colors available.
LantanaLantana camara
24” 36”
FALL pH: N
Not NativeHigh humidity, rainy conditions, and too much watering can harm the plant. Popular in dried arrangements.
StrawflowerHelichrysum bracteatum
24” 12”
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeTexas state flower. Most readily available by seed.
Texas Bluebonnet Lupinus texensis
6-12” 12-15”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeCan take cuttings at the end of the summer and will continue to bloom in a warm, south facing window. Does well in containers. Attracts butterflies.
PentasPentas lanceolata
24” 36”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeThis plant works well as an annual groundcover and in containers. Grows well in heat and humidity. Foliage Availalbe in several colors.
Sweet Potato VineIpomoea batatas
18” 40”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeMay repel certain insects. Taller varieties should be planted in an area that will be sheltered from strong winds.
SunflowerHelianthus annuus
2-6’ 6-12”
8 | Annuals
SUM pH: N
Not NativeVery low growing. Works well in hanging baskets. Plant has glossy leaves and continuous flowers. Also available in pink and white.
Fan FlowerScaevola aemula
12” 12”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeUseful as an edging or in containers, may overwinter. Silver foliage useful for unique flower bed designs.
Dusty MillerSenecio cineraria
2’ 2’
SUM pH: N
Not NativePopular choice for companion planting in vegetable gardens. Available in dwarf and tall selections.
MarigoldTagetes spp.
24” 36”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeProduces purple and white flower spikes that attract hummingbirds and butterflies. May overwinter.
Mexican Bush SageSalvia leucantha
36” 48”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeAttracts butterflies and hummingbirds. Tropical plant used as an annual in Oklahoma.
Yellow BellsTecoma stans
4’ 4’
SUM pH: N
NativeAttracts butterflies. Very heat tolerant and makes an excellent background annual in the flower bed.
Mexican SunflowerTithonia rotundifolia
48” 36”
9 | Annuals
SUM pH: N
Not NativeDeadhead for continuous bloom. Colors available include white, yellow,pink, red or orange flowers. Does well in containers or boarders.
Mexican ZinniaZinnia angustifolia
12” 12”
ALL pH: L
Not NativeDrought-tolerant. Easily propagated by cuttings. Cuttings can be overwintered. Container planters can be brought indoors during winter.
Purple HeartTradescantia pallida ‘Purpurea’
16” 12”
10 | Perennials
Perennials Plants that grow back every year
SUM pH: N
OK NativeWorks well as an edging or in mass grouping. Various colors available.
YarrowAchillea spp.
12” 36”
FALL pH: N
NativeAttracts hummingbirds and butterflies. Aromatic foliage.
HyssopAgastache rupestris
24” 18”
ALL pH: N
NativePlant has spines or sharp edges; site accordingly and use extreme caution when handling. Marginally winter hardy in Oklahoma.
Parry’s Agave Agave parryi
12” 9”
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeBlue flowers in early summer, foliage turns yellow/orange in the fall.
Arkansas BluestarAmsonia hubrichtii
36” 36”
11 | Perennials
SPR pH: H
OK-NativeA wonderful addition to native plant gardens, woodland gardens, cottage gardens, or naturalized areas.
Eastern Red ColumbineAquilegia canadensis
2-3’ 1-1.5’
FALL pH: N
Not NativeGrown for its fine textured silver foliage.
WormwoodArtemisia spp.
24” 36”
SUM pH: L
OK-NativeAttracts butterflies to the garden. Flowers followed by interesting seed pods.
Butterfly WeedAsclepias tuberosa
48” 36”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeVery low maintenance, contrasts well with many shade-loving plants.
Japanese Painted FernAthyrium nipponicum
12” 18”
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeWorks well in the back of flower borders. Showy flowers followed by persistent seed pods for winter interest.
Blue False IndigoBaptisia australis
36” 48”
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeLooks best in mass plantings.
Atlantic CamasCamassia scilloides
1.5’ 2’
12 | Perennials
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeWorks well in a rock or wall garden.
Hairy LipfernCheilanthes lanosa
6” 14”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeSelf-sows freely; deadhead to prevent volunteer seedlings next season.
American Bellflower Campanulastrum americanum
4-6’ 18-24”
SUM pH: N
NativePrefers dry soil, root rot may occur on wet soils.
Snow-in-Summer Cerastium tomentosum
6” 12”
FALL pH: N
Not NativeA good plant for inter-planting with spring bulbs. True blue flowers, bronze fall color. Excellent ground cover.
Hardy PlumbagoCeratostigma plumbaginoides
8” 15”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeEarly summer blooms provide brilliant yellow color. Good for perennial borders and prairie gardens.
CoreopsisCoreopsis spp.
18” 36”
SUM pH: L
Not NativeProvides a tropical flare to the landscape. Mulch for enhanced winter hardiness.
MontbretiaCrocosmia x curtonus ‘Lucifer’
2-4’ 1-2’
13 | Perennials
FALL pH: N
Not NativeFall bloomer, fits in well for a rock garden.
Hardy Fall Cyclamen Cyclamen hederifolium
4-6” 4-6”
WIN pH: N
Not NativeFast growing.
Hardy Winter CyclamenCyclamen coum
12” 12”
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeThis cool season plant will go dormant during hot weather and regrow in the fall.
Carolina LarkspurDelphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens
24-36” 9-12”
ALL pH: N
OK-Native Seeds are desirable for birds. Species is available by seed.
BundleflowerDesmanthus illinoensis
2-4’ 1.5-2’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeNative to the tall grass prairie. Blooms attract birds and butterflies.
Purple ConeflowerEchinacea purpurea
24” 18”
FALL pH: N
Not NativeExcellent for rock gardens and green roofs.
Myrtle EuphorbiaEuphorbia myrsinites
6” 12”
14 | Perennials
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeOklahoma state wildflower; attracts butterflies.
Blanket FlowerGaillardia spp.
12” 24”
SUM pH: N
NativeEasily propagated by seed. Narrow foilage is quite showy.
GauraGaura lindheimeri
30” 36”
ALL pH: L
Not NativeEvergreen, blooms in winter.
Lenten RoseHelleborus orientalis
18” 18”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeHundreds to choose from, deadhead for rebloom. Foliage ranges from deciduous to nearly evergreen.
DaylilyHemerocallis spp.
12” 36”
All pH: N
Native Heat and drought tolerant, red yucca is wonderful for rock gardens. Yellow flowering selctions also available.
Red YuccaHesperaloe parviflora
36-48’’ 24-36’’
SUM pH: N
NativeWorks well in the back of perennial borders. Deadhead for continuous bloom. Various cultivars available.
Oxeye SunflowerHeliopsis helianthoides
36-60” 24-48”
15 | Perennials
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeThis plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and birds.
Red Texas StarIpomopsis rubra
3-5’ 3-6”
SUM pH: L
Not NativeAvoid high nitrogen fertilizer. Various colors and flower forms available.
Iris Iris spp.
36” 12”
FALL pH: N
Not NativePlants may self-seed in ideal growing conditions. Performs well in hot and humid summers.
Blue Star Kalimeris Kalimeris incisa ‘Blue Star’
12-18” 12-18”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeGreat tolerance for drought and summer heat. Avoid wet, poorly drained soils.
Red Hot PokerKniphofia triangularis
24” 36”
SUM pH: L
OK-NativeGood tolerance for drought, summer heat, and humidity. Intolerant of wet soils in winter. Multiple species are native to Oklahoma.
Prairie Blazing StarLiatris pycnostachya
24-48” 12-24”
FALL pH: N
NativePlant alone or in combinations in borders or containers.
StonecropHylotelephium spectabile
18” 24”
16 | Perennials
SUM pH: N
Not NativeThrives in heat and drought once established. Aromatic foliage.
CatmintNepeta x faassenii
24” 30”
ALL pH: L
OK-Native2-3 inch spines and tufts of bristles can be harmful to humans and pets. Spineless prickly pear are commercially available.
Prickly PearOpuntia macrorhiza
6-12” 6-12”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeAvoid wet, poorly drained soils. Attracts hummingbirds.
Foxglove BeardtonguePenstemon digitalis
36-48” 18-24”
SUM pH: H
Not NativeGood tolerance for drought, summer heat, and humidity. Avoid wet, poorly drained soils.
Mexican BeardtonguePenstemon mexicali
12-24” 12-24”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeCan work as a dense foliage groundcover in shade, but won’t bloom without adequate sunlight.
Evening PrimroseOenothera macrocarpa
9” 12”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeDeadhead flowers to prolong summer bloom. Aromatic foliage.
Spotted BeebalmMonarda punctata
2-3’ 15-18”
17 | Perennials
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeAttracts butterflies. Will self seed in ideal growing conditions. Flower stalks attract birds after blooming season. Dramatic, ornamental leaves.
Giant ConeflowerRudbeckia maxima
5’ 3’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeCan decline in above average summer temperatures; attracts butterflies.
Black-eyed SusanRudbeckia hirta
18-36” 18-36”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeVery tough, drought tolerant plant. A good selection for wildflower or prairie gardens. Most readily available by seed in garden centers.
Mexican HatRatibida columnifera
2-3’ 1-1.5’
SPR pH: H
Not NativeWorks well in containers, may have problems in wet soils. Very fragrant foliage.
RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis
6’ 2-4’
SUM pH: L
OK-NativeDoes not tolerate heavy clay soils or standing water.
Christmas FernPolystichum acrostichoides
12-24” 12-24”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeUseful in the back of the border. Grey-green foliage, very ornamental.
Russian Sage Perovskia atriplicifolia
30” 24”
18 | Perennials
FALL pH: N
NativeGood for erosion control, attracts butterflies. Pollen is normally not an allergen.
Dwarf GoldenrodSolidago sphacelata ‘Golden Fleece’
12-18” 12-18”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeDrought and heat tolerant. Compact, rounded growing habit.
Lemon Fizz SantolinaSantolina virens ‘Lemon Fizz’
18-24” 18-24”
ALL pH: N
NativePerforms well in pots, on rock walls and foreground of perennial beds. Plant will slowly horizontally spread and thus good for filling in areas.
Hens and ChicksSempervivum spp.
4” 4”
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeCompass plant has a large, woody taproot that may reach down 15 ft.
Compass PlantSilphium laciniatum
4-6’ 1.5-2’
SUM pH: N
NativeAttracts hummingbirds and butterflies
Autumn SageSalvia greggii
18” 18”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeVery low growing, works well in hanging baskets
Lavender CottonSantolina chamaecyparissus
24” 24”
19 | Perennials
SUM pH: N
Not NativeBlender plant to fill in gaps in the flower border. Profusely reseeds so plant accordingly.
Verbena-on-a-StickVerbena bonariensis
36” 24”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeOverwatering or poor air circulation will harm the plant. Various colors available.
VerbenaVerbena canadensis
4” 12”
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeAdds unique vertical element to design. Evergreen foliage and seed pods offer winter interest.
YuccaYucca filamentosa
48” 36”
SPR pH: L
OK-NativeThis plant is attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds.
Bird’s Foot ViolaViola pedata
3-6” 3-6”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeVery tough, drought tolerant plant. Small hairs on the foliage provide a soft texture giving reason for its common name.
Lamb’s EarStachys byzantina
6-12” 12-15”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeWhen touched in the heat of the day, the flowers shrivel.
BluejacketTradescantia ohiensis
2-3’ 9-12”
20 | Ornamental Grasses
Ornamental Grasses and related species
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeWorks as a tall background or a screen, cut back in the spring before new growth starts.
Big Bluestem Andropogon geradii
3’ 4’
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeGood for erosion control; seeds attract song birds, good habitat for wildlife.
Purple Three AwnAristida purpurea
12-24” 12-24”
SUM pH: H
OK-NativeOften found growing with Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium). Does Not compete well with very tall grasses.
Sideoats GramaBouteloua curtipendula
1.5-2.5’ 1.5-2’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeAn important component of the Great Plains shortgrass prairie.
Blue GramaBouteloua gracilis
8- 24” 1.5-2’
21 | Ornamental Grasses
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeOne of the more shade tolerant ornamental grasses, may self-seed.
Northern Sea OatsChasmanthium latifolium
24” 36”
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeExcellent erosion control. Very fine-textured foliage and airy seed heads give this plant excellent movement from even light wind.
Love GrassEragrostis elliottii
2-3’ 2-3’
ALL pH: N
Not NativeGood accent plant. May go dormant in hot summers.
Blue Fescue Festuca glauca
6-10” 6-10”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeBest blue color in dry soils. Tolerates light shade but performs best in full sun.
Blue Oat GrassHelictotrichon sempervirens
24-36” 24-36”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeNot a true grass, this species requires little maintenance other than watering.
Corkscrew RushJuncus effusus
2’ 1.5’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeSpreading grass best used in containers or large masses.
Blue Lyme GrassLeymus arenarius
24” 36”
22 | Ornamental Grasses
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeWorks well as a background plant or in mass planting.
Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium
2’ 3’
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeCut back in late winter or early spring. Many cultivars available.
Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans
3’ 3’
ALL pH: N
Not NativeGreat as specimen or in groupings. Can spread quickly and become a nuisance if not maintained.
Maiden Grass Miscanthus sinensis
4’ 3’
ALL pH: N
NativeRemove the top third of the plant in the spring. Will reseed each growing season and can spread vigorously if not maintained..
Mexican Feather Grass Nassella tenuissima
18” 12”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeUseful as a screen, very vigorous plant. Many selections available.
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum
3’ 3’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeFoliage maintains a golden-bronze color through winter. Flowers are noted for unique fragrance in late summer-fall.
Prairie DropseedSporobolus heterolepsis
24-48” 24-48”
23 | Vines
Vines A climbing or trailing plant
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeEvergreen, blooms in spring, grows very quickly and may need to be pruned.
CrossvineBignonia capreolata
50’ 50’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeExtremely vigorous, should be pruned frequently, can become weedy; attracts hummingbirds.
Trumpet Vine Campsis radicans
35’ 35’
SPR pH: N
NativeAttracts butterflies. Early-blooming vine provides bright yellow flowers in early spring.
Carolina Jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens
20’ 20’
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeFlowers are not fragrant. Tolerates some shade but blooms more prolifically in full sun.
Trumpet Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens
10-20’ 10-20’
24 | Vines
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeVigorous vine and easily grown. Red fall color and showy fruit.
Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
30-50’ 30-50’
FALL pH: N
Not NativeNot NativeTurns scarlet in the fall. Will clasp onto structures such as brick and concrete walls.
Boston Ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata
30-50’ 30-50’
SPR pH: N
NativeNeeds good air circulation to prevent disease.
Climbing Roses Rosa spp.
20’ 20’
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeThe bean-like seed pods can be showy and very numerous.
American WisteriaWisteria frutescens
15’ 15’
25 | Groundcover
Groundcover Low-growing, spreading plants
ALL pH: N
NativeSome cultivars will turn purple in the winter.
Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis
8” 24”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeMow in the early spring to remove old growth.
Monkey Grass Liriope spp.
6” Varies
SPR pH: N
Not NativePlants may be mowed after blooming in order to remove spent flower spikes and to tidy their appearance. Plants have blue flowers.
BugleweedAjuga reptans
6-8” 6-12”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeFits well into both formal garden areas as well as wild/naturalized areas. White flowering form available.
WinecupCallirhoe involucrata
6-12” 1-3’
26 | Groundcover
FALL pH: N
NativeApproximately 400 species. Growing requirements differ between species in terms of cold hardiness and heat tolerance. Works for green roofs.
Sedum Sedum spp.
4-6” Varies
SPR pH: L
NativeWorks well in rock gardens. White and pink flowering varieties also available.
Creeping Phlox Phlox stolonifera
6” 12”
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeThis plant is attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds. Good selection for trailing container plant or hanging basket. Various colors available.
Wingpod Purslane Portulaca umbraticola
6” 9-12”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeVery low growing, flowers in late spring and early summer. Aromatic foliage.
Creeping Thyme Thymus serpyllum
1” 12”
ALL pH: N
Not NativeMowing the patch low after blooming every couple of years will help to keep it thick and weed resistant. Semi-evergreen foliage.
Dwarf PeriwinkleVinca minor
4-6” 12”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeNot hardy but may self-seed the following year. Various colors available. Some varieties have flowers that remain open all day.
Rose MossPortulaca grandiflora
6” 12”
27 | Shrubs
Shrubs A woody plant smaller than a tree, with several main stems arising from the ground
SUM pH: N
Not NativeLow-growing, compact plant. Good choice for a low hedge or used as an accent in larger planting beds.
Compact Coral Barberry Berberis x stenophylla ‘Corallina compacta’
36” 48”
WIN pH: L
OK-NativeFruits provide fall to early winter beauty.
American BeautyberryCallicarpa americana
4-6’ 4-6’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeAttracts bees and hummingbirds. True blue flowers all summer long.
Blue Mist SpireaCaryopteris x clandonensis
24” 36”
SPR pH: L
OK-NativeThis is a very adaptable plant and is found in nature in a variety of wet to dry situations, but best in wet soils
Roughleaf DogwoodCornus drummondii
5-18’ 25’
28 | Shrubs
WINDeciduous Holly Ilex decidua
pH: L
OK-NativeRed berries on female plants in late summer. Plants also available with orange or yellow fruits.
8’ 6’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeWorks well as a border or screen, yearly pruning in early spring will improve flowering. Sterile selections are available to prevent re-seeding.
Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus
12’ 8’
FALL pH: N
Not NativeSlow growing evergreen. Effective in rock gardens or as groundcover. Fall foliage has a purple tinge that is complimented by small red berries.
Bearberry Cotoneaster Cotoneaster dammeri
24” 48”
WIN pH: L
OK-Native
.
Very durable and adaptable, needs to be pruned two or three times a year to maintain a neat appearance. Available in dwarf and weeping varieties.
Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria
Varies Varies
ALL pH: N
NativeBright red stems in the winter are particularly showy.
Red-twig DogwoodCornus sericea
3-6’ 3-6’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeTiny flowers in large fuzzy clusters give the plant a smoky appearance. Plants are available in various summer leaf colors.
Smoke Tree Cotinus coggygria
10’ 10’
29 | Shrubs
ALL pH: N
Not NativeAvailable in a wide range of heights and flower color, severe pruning can stimulate basal sprouting which may be a nuisance.
Crapemyrtle Lagerstroemia indica
Varies Varies
ALL
d
pH: N
Not NativeLow maintenance shrub, prune once a year in the winter to keep it from looking leggy. Many different selections are commercially available.
Nandina Nandina domestica
Varies Varies
ALL pH: N
Not NativeSpecies blooms well and is more drought resistant in partial shade. Single flowered varieties also available.
Japanese KerriaKerria japonica
4’ 5’
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeExfoliating bark provides some winter interest. Several cultivars have striking reddish, purple foliage.
NinebarkPhysocarpus opulifolius
6’ 5’
ALL pH: L
Not NativeVery hardy, many different cultivars available ranging in size, shape and color.
Juniper Juniperus chinensis
Varies Varies
WIN pH: N
Not NativeGreat covering for steep slopes, spilling over a wall or planted in groups. Starts blooming during cold weather before the new year.
Winter Jasmine Jasminum nudiflorum
6’ 8’
30 | Shrubs
FALL pH: N
OK-NativeSpreads by root suckers, creating a colony. Exceptional fall color.
Cutleaf Staghorn SumacRhus typhina
10’ 12’
SUM pH: N
NativeSeveral varieties and cultivars available ranging in bloom color, size, and disease resistance. Very few thornless options are available.
Shrub Roses Rosa spp.
6’ 6’
SPR pH: N
Not NativeSlow-growing, symmetrically rounded shrub.Very fragrant flowers that give way to non-showy dark blue berries in late summer.
Koreanspice Viburnum Viburnum carlesii
4-6’ 4-6’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeFlowers attract bees. Flowers appear on new growth. Can be pruned to the ground in early spring and maintained as a herbaceous perennial.
Chaste Tree Vitex agnus-castus
10’ 15’
WIN pH: N
Not NativeSlow growing. Can be yellowish-green in winter. Dwarf varieties available.
Mugo Pine Pinus mugo
3-20’ 3-12’
ALL pH: L
OK-NativeMales and females are separate plants, fruit is only produced if a male plant is available. Dwarf selections available.
Fragrant Sumac Rhus aromatica
5’ 4’
31 | Trees
Trees A tall woody perennial plant, typically having a single main trunk
FALL pH: L
OK-NativeIts rapid growth and red fall color makes Red Maple a popular shade tree.
Red MapleAcer rubrum
60’ 40’
FALL pH: L
OK-NativeVery drought tolerant, sensitive to over watering. Attractive fall color.
Caddo Sugar Maple Acer saccharum ‘Caddo’
50-60’ 20-35’
ALL pH: N
Not NativeExcellent small tree for urban areas. New leaves emerge in red and purple hues throughout the growing season.
Shantung Maple Acer truncatum
20’ 25’
SUM pH: N
NativeYoung plants often require training to create a tree-like form.
Chittamwood Bumelia lanuginosa
40-50’ 25-35’
32 | Trees
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeCan develop galls on leaves. Bark is very coarse in texture and resembles small warts or ridges of cork-like layers.
Common HackberryCeltis occidentalis
40-80’ 40-50’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeSmall berries attract birds; bark is thin and easily damaged by mechanical impact.
Sugarberry Celtis laevigata
50-70’ 50-60’
SPR pH: N
OK-NativeA cultivar of Oklahoma’s state tree. Best known for its pink to purple blooms that occur in early spring.
Oklahoma RedbudCercis canadensis var. texensis ‘Oklahoma’
20-30’ 25-35’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeWorks well as a wide screen. Does not tolerate over watering.
Desert Willow Chilopsis linearis
20-30’ 15-25’
ALL pH: N
NativePyramidal in form resembling a Juniper. Foliage is bluish-gray. Works very well as a screen or windbreak. Attractive cones and showy bark.
Arizona Cypress Cupressus arizonica
40’ 30’
WIN pH: N
Not NativeCan be grown as a tree or shrub, depending on pruning. Good tolerance for urban conditions.
Winterberry Euonymus Euonymus bungeanus
20-24’ 15-18’
33 | Trees
ALL pH: N
Not NativeProduces small yellow flowers. Flowers give way to yellowish-brown seed pods that resemble small lanterns.
Golden-Rain Tree Koelreuteria paniculata
25-40’ 25-40’
ALL pH: N
Not NativeSelect male trees, female fruit may be messy. Rich yellow fall color.
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
30-50’ 30-50’
FALL pH: H
OK-NativeDeep-green summer foliage turns yellow in fall.
Green AshFraxinus pennsylvanica
60’ 40’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeTolerant of small planting pits in concrete, making it a good choice for urban environments or as a street tree.
Thornless Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos var inermis
30-50’ 30-50’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeGrows slowly, female trees produce pods. Male (seedless) selections are commercially available.
Kentucky Coffee Tree Gymnocladus dioica
60-75’ 40-50’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeProduces large, grapefruit-sized fruit which can be a problem in residential areas, but there are male thornless, fruitless cultivars.
Osage Orange Maclura pomifera
40-60’ 40-60’
34 | Trees
ALL pH: N
Not NativeYellow, red, or orange fall color. Exfoliating bark adds interesting color and texture. Partial shade may also be desirable.
Persian ParrotiaParrotia persica
20-40’ 20-35’
ALL pH: L
Not NativeHundreds of cultivars available with various colored fruit and growth habits. Look for disease resistant cultivars.
Crabapple Malus ‘Prairiefire’
15-25’ 20-25’
ALL pH: L
Not NativeFairly open growth, often has a crooked trunk. Showy orange to red bark/limbs.
Japanese Red Pine Pinus densiflora
20-30’ 20-25’
ALL pH: L
OK-NativeThis is the hardiest and most adaptable of the southern pines.
Shortleaf PinePinus echinata
50’ 30’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeDoes not tolerate shade or overwatering. Tolerant of poor soil conditions. Seeds are as pine nuts and edible. Performs best in Western OK.
Pinyon Pine Pinus edulis
20-30’ 20-30’
ALL pH: N
OK-NativeVery tall and broad, may not be suitable for residential areas
Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa
70-80’ 70-80’
35 | Trees
FALL pH: N
Not NativeBright red, yellow or orange fall color. Female trees have red to blue berry-like fruits that appear in fall.
Chinese Pistache Pistacia chinensis
25-35’ 25-35’
ALL pH: H
OK-NativeThis plant attracts bees, butterflies, and birds and is drought-tolerant. White blooms and edible fruits make this a good addition in orchards.
Mexican PlumPrunus mexicana
20’ 15’
FALL pH: L
Not NativeFoliage has a serrated edge, giving reason for its descriptive common name.
Sawtooth Oak Quercus acutissima
35-45’ 35-50’
ALL pH: L
OK-NativeVery slow growing. Foliage remains on the tree late into the fall after leaves have turned. Has very attractive acorns almost 2” in diameter.
Bur Oak Quercus macrocarpa
60-80’ 70-80’
SPR pH: L
OK-NativeAcorns very desirable to wildlife. Under utilized shade tree.
Chinkapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii
40-60’ 50-60’
ALL pH: N
NativeExcellent pine that tolerates Oklahoma’s adverse conditions, including poorly drained soils and drought.
Loblolly PinePinus taeda
60-100 30-50’
36 | Trees
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeHas a yellow fruit that matures in mid-fall. Showy bark and yellow fall color.
Western SoapberrySapindus saponaria var. drummondii
40-50’ 30-40’
SUM pH: L
OK-NativeRequires less maintenance than some other oak trees. More resistant to yellow foliage (chlorosis) than Pin Oak.
Shumard Oak Quercus shumardii
40-60’ 40-60’
SUM pH: L
OK-Native If root suckers are not removed, tree will spread and look like a large shrub. Interesting leaf shapes and striking fall color. Best for Eastern OK.
SassafrasSassafras albidum
45’ 30’
SUM pH: N
Not NativeProduces large white flowers, has showy bark.
Japanese Tree Lilac Syringa reticulata
15-25’ 15-25’
ALL pH: L
OK-NativeNot an evergreen, needles fall off in the fall. Grows very well in wet soils or near water. Dwarf selection available.
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum
50-75’ 50-75’
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeWithstands heavy, poorly drained soils. Dark foliage and “winged” branches add to ornamental appeal.
Cedar Elm Ulmus crassifolia
50-70’ 30-40’
37 | Trees
ALL pH: N
Not NativeExfoliating bark is a noteworthy feature of this tree. Tree has small, refined leaves.
Lacebark Elm Ulmus parvifolia
50-70’ 50-60’
38 | Turfgrasses
Turfgrasses A layer of matted earth formed by grass and plant roots
SUM pH: N
OK-NativeWarm-season grass, drought resistant. May be hard to establish in areas formerly bermudagrass. For recommended cultivars see CR-6609* (pg 39)
BuffalograssBouteloua dactyloides
Mowing Height 3” Mowing Height 1-2”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeWarm-season grass, drought resistant, common cultivars- ‘Yukon’ and ‘Riviera’ For more information see HLA-6419**.
Common BermudagrassCynodon dactylon
Mowing Height 3”
FALL pH: N
Not NativeCool-season grass, best suited for shaded areas where bermudagrass or buffalograss won’t grow. For more information see HLA-6419**
Tall FescueFestuca arundinaceaSUM pH: N
Not NativeWarm-season grass, drought resistant, cultivars- ‘Latitude 36’, ‘Northbridge’, and ‘Patriot’.For more information see HLA-6419**
Hybrid BermudagrassCynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis
Mowing Height 1-2”
39 | Turfgrasses
Mowing Height 1-2”
SUM pH: N
Not NativeWarm-season, similar maintenance to bermudagrass, but is slower growing and requires more water. For more information see HLA-6419**
ZoysiagrassZoysia spp.
*CR-6609. Current Report 6609, “2012 Commercial Sources of Buffalograss Seed, Sod and Plugs.”
**HLA-6419. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Fact Sheet 6419. “Establishing a Lawn in Oklahoma.”
Available at OSUFacts.okstate.edu
40 | Index
Index All plants are listed under each category by their common name
Annuals Summer Snapdragon- Angelonia angustifolia 4Sunflower- Helianthus annuus 7
Asparagus Fern- Asparagus spp. 4 Sweet Potato Vine- Ipomoea batatas 7Blue Daze- Evolvulus pilosus ‘Blue Daze’ 6 Texas Bluebonnet- Lupinus texensis 7Cockscomb- Celosia spp. 5 Wax Begonia- Begonia spp. 4Cosmos- Cosmos spp. 5 Yellow Bells- Tecoma stans 8Diamond Frost Euphorbia®-Euphorbia graminea ‘Inneuphdia’ 6 PerennialsDusty Miller- Senecio cineraria 8Fan Flower- Scaevola aemula 8 American Bellflower- Campanulastrum americanum 12Firebush- Hamelia patens 6 Arkansas Bluestar- Amsonia hubrichtii 10Globe Amaranth- Gomphrena globosa 6 Artemisia- Artemisia spp. 11Helenium- Helenium amarum ‘Dakota Gold’ 6 Atlantic Camas- Camassia scilloides 11Indian Paintbrush- Castilleja indivisa 5 Autumn Sage- Salvia greggii 18Lantana- Lantana camara 7 Bird’s Foot Viola- Viola pedata 19Marigold- Tagetes spp. 8 Black-eyed Susan- Rudebeckia hirta 17Mexican Bush Sage- Salvia leucantha 8 Blanket Flower- Gaillardia spp. 14Mexican Sunflower- Tithonia rotundifolia 8 Blue False Indigo- Baptisia australis 11Mexican Zinnia- Zinnia angustifolia 9 Bluejacket- Tradescantia ohiensis 19Ornamental Peppers- Capsicum spp. 4 Blue Star Kalimeris- Kalimeris incisa ‘Blue Star’ 15Pentas- Pentas lanceolata 7 Bundleflower- Desmanthus illinoensis 13Periwinkle- Catharanthus roseus 5 Butterfly Weed- Asclepias tuberosa 11Purple Heart- Tradescantia pallida ‘Purpurea’ 9 Carolina Larkspur- Delphinium carolinianum ssp. virescens 13Silver Falls Dichondra- Dichondra argentea ‘Silver Falls’ 5 Catmint- Nepeta x fassenii 16Snow-on-the-Mountain- Euphorbia marginata 6 Christmas Fern Polystichum acrostichoides 17Spider Flower- Cleome spp. 5 Compass Plant- Silphium laciniatum 18Strawflower- Helichrysum bracteatum 7 Coreopsis- Coreopsis spp. 12
41 | Index
Daylily- Hemerocallis spp. 14 Verbena-on-a-Stick- Verbena bonariensis 19Dwarf Goldenrod- Solidago sphacelata ‘Golden Fleece’ 18 Yarrow- Achillea spp. 10Eastern Red Columbine- Aquilegia canadensis 11 Yucca- Yucca filamentosa 19Evening Primrose- Oenothera macrocarpa 16 Ornamental GrassesFoxglove Beardtongue- Penstemon digitalis 16Gaura- Gaura lindheimeri 14 Big Bluestem- Andropogon geradii 20Giant Coneflower- Rudbeckia maxima 17 Blue Fescue- Festuca glauca 21Hairy Lipfern- Cheilanthes lanosa 12 Blue Grama- Bouteloua gracilis 20Hardy Fall Cyclamen- Cyclamen hederifolium 13 Blue Lyme Grass- Leymus arenarius 21Hardy Plumago- Ceratostigma plumbaginoides 12 Blue Oat Grass- Helictotrichon sempervirens 21Hardy Winter Cyclamen- Cyclamen coum 13 Corkscrew Rush- Juncus effusus 21Hens and Chicks- Sempervivum spp. 18 Indiangrass- Sorgastrum nutans 22Hummingbird Mint- Agastache rupestris 10 Little Bluestem- Schizachyrium scoparium 22Hyssop- Agastache rupestris 10 Love Grass- Eragrostis elliottii 21Iris- Iris spp. 15 Maiden Grass- Miscanthus sinensis 22Japanese Painted Fern- Athyrium nipponicum 11 Mexican Feather Grass- Nassella tenuissima 22Lamb’s Ear- Stachys byzantina 19 Northern Sea Oats- Chasmanthium latifolium 21Lavender Cotton- Santolina chamaecyparissus 18 Prairie Dropseed- Sporobolus heterolepsis 22Lenten Rose- Helleborus orientalis 14 Purple Three Awn- Aristida purpurea 20Mexican Beardtongue- Penstemon mexicali 16 Sideoats Grama- Bouteloua curtipendula 20Mexican Hat- Ratibida columnifera 17 Switchgrass- Panicum virgatum 22Montbretia- Crocosmia x curtonus ‘Lucifer’ 12 VinesMugwort- Artemisia spp. 11Myrtle Euphorbia- Euphorbia myrsinites 13 American Wisteria- Wisteria frutescens 24Oxeye Sunflower- Heliopsis helianthoides 14 Boston Ivy- Parthenocissus tricuspidata 24Parry’s Agave- Agave parryi 10 Carolina Jessamine- Gelsemium sempervirens 23Prairie Blazing Star- Liatris pycnostachya 15 Climbing Roses- Rosa spp. 24Prickly Pear- Opuntia macrorhiza 16 Crossvine- Bignonia capreolata 23Purple Coneflower- Echinacea purpurea 13 Trumpet Honeysuckle- Lonicera sempervirens 23Red Hot Poker- Kniphofia triangularis 15 Trumpet Vine- Campsis radicans 23Red Texas Star- Ipomopsis rubra 15 Virginia Creeper- Parthenocissus quinquefolia 24Red Yucca- Hesperaloe parviflora 14 Ground CoverRosemary- Rosmarinus officinalis 17Russian Sage- Perovskia atriplicifolia 17 Bugleweed- Ajuga reptans 25Santolina Lemon Fizz- Santolina virens ‘Lemon Fizz’ 18 Creeping Juniper- Juniperus horizontalis 25Snow-in-Summer- Cerastium tomentosum 12 Creeping Phlox- Phlox stolonifera 26Spotted Beebalm- Monarda punctata 16 Creeping Thyme- Thymus serpyllum 26Stonecrop- Hylotelephium spectabile 15 Dwarf Periwinkle- Vinca minor 26Wormwood- Artemisia spp. 11 Lilyturf- Liriope spp. 25Verbena- Verbena canadensis 19 Monkey Grass- Liriope spp. 25
42 | Index
Rose Moss- Portulaca grandiflora 26 Crabapple- Malus ‘Prairefire’ 34Sedum- Sedum spp. 26 Desert Willow- Chilopsis linearis 32Winecup- Callirhoe involucrata 25 Ginkgo- Ginkgo biloba 33Wingpod Purslane- Portulaca umbraticola 26 Golden-Rain Tree- Koelreuteria paniculata 33
Shrubs Green Ash- Fraxinus pennsylvanica 33Japanese Red Pine- Pinus densiflora 34
American Beautyberry- Callicarpa americana 27 Japanese Tree Lilac- Syringa reticulata 36Bearberry Cotoneaster- Cotoneaster dammeri 28 Kentucky Coffee Tree- Gymnocladus dioica 33Blue Mist Spirea- Caryopteris x clandonensis 27 Lacebark Elm- Ulmus parvifolia 37Chaste Tree- Vitex agnus-castus 30 Loblolly Pine- Pinus Taeda 35Compact Coral Barberry-Berberis x stenophylla ‘Corallina Compacta’ 27 Mexican Plum- Prunus mexicana 35Crapemyrtle- Lagerstroemia indica 29 Oklahoma Redbud- Cercis canadensis var texensis ‘Oklahoma’ 32Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac- Rhus typhina 30 Osage Orange- Maclura pomifera 33Deciduous Holly- Ilex decidua 28 Persian Parrotia- Parrotia persica 34Fragrant Sumac- Rhus aromatica 30 Pinyon Pine- Pinus edulis 34Koreanspice Viburnum- Viburnum carlesii 30 Ponderosa Pine- Pinus ponderosa 34Japanese Kerria- Kerria japonica 29 Red Maple- Acer rubrum 31Juniper- Juniperus spp. 29 Sassafras- Sassafras albidum 36Mugo Pine- Pinus mugo 30 Sawtooth Oak- Quercus acutissima 35Nandina- Nandina domestica 29 Shantung Maple- Acer truncatum 31Ninebark- Physocarpus opulifolius 29 Shortleaf Pine- Pinus echinata 34Red-twig Dogwood- Cornus sericea 28 Shumard Oak- Quercus shumardii 36Rose of Sharon- Hibiscus syracus 28 Sugarberry- Celtis laevigata 32Roughleaf Dogwood- Cornus drummodii 27 Thornless Honeylocust- Gleditsia triacanthos var inermis 33Shrub Roses- Rosa spp. 30 Western Soapberry- Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii 36Smoke Tree- Cotinus coggygria 28 Winterberry Euonymus- Euonymus bungeanus 32Winter Jasmine- Jasminum nudiflorum 29 TurfYaupon Holly- Ilex vomitoria 28
Trees Buffalograss- Bouteloua dactyloides 38Common Bermuda- Cynodon dactylon 38
Arizona Cypress- Cupressus arizonica 32 Hybrid Bermuda- Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis 38Bald Cypress- Taxodium distichum 36 Tall Fescue- Festuca erundinacea 38Bur Oak- Quercus macrocarpa 35 Zoysiagrass- Zoysia spp. 39Caddo Sugar Maple- Acer saccharum Caddo 31Cedar Elm- Ulmus crassifolia 36Chinese Pistache- Pistacia chinensis 35Chinkapin Oak- Quercus muehlenburgii 35Chittamwood- Bumelia lanuginosa 31Common Hackberry- Celtis occidentalis 32
43 | Plan It!
Plan It! Design your own landscape
Create your design plan using the graph paper below. To begin planning, conduct a site evaluation and draw an aerial of your property. Include features of the site such as fences, trees, structures or walkways. Appropriately place plant symbols according to sun and water requirements. Plan to use mulch to help retain soil moisture, prevent erosion, and control weed growth. Examples can be found using Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service leaflet L-437.
Drought-TolerantPlant Selectionsfor Oklahoma
E-1037Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Services
Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesOklahoma State University
The City ofOKLAHOMA CITY UTILITIES DEPARTMENT
Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, financial aid, and educational services.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Vice President, Dean, and Director of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at a cost of $1.75 per copy. 0214 JS