synchrophasor based grid management and stability applications - synchrophasor based … ·...

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

Synchrophasor Based Grid Management and Stability Applications

May 18, 2018

Radhakrishnan Srinivasan (Krish)GE Grid Solutions, Redmond, WA

[email protected]


Synchrophasor Technology

May 18, 2018GE's WAMS Applications 2

What it brings to the table

• Time synchronized measurements

• Voltages and currents angles with its magnitude

• Sampling rates at 50/60 Hz and higher

• X-ray (SCADA) vs MRI (PMU) comparison needs no explanation

• Numeric SCADA displays today

• With synchrophasors – high resolution trend display

Rapidly changing digits on a numeric display

-5 0 5 10 15 20 2559.98

59.99

60

60.01

60.02

60.03

60.04

60.05

60.06

Time (sec)

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation

Grand Coulee

Malin

Devers


Wide Area Management System (WAMS)



GE’s WAMS Solution offerings


3 Fold approach

Co-ordinated control hierarchy, centralized (via EMS/DMS), or decentralized as appropriate.

Wide Area Control

Risk assessment, data mining, baselining for grid vulnerability.

Analysis tools for condition monitoring, model validation, control tuning, post-event analysis, compliance monitoring

Engineering AnalysisBig Data Analytics

Create and mange robust real-time variable stability limits.

Add Operational Response Guidance to Situational Awareness for Critical Conditions

Real Time OperationsWide-Area situational awareness and coordination across seams.

Users – Control RoomOperators & Operating Engineers

Users – Protection & ControlPlanning/Protection Engineers

GRIDSTABILITY

1 2 3

End Users


Synchrophasor Solutions in Control Room


Measurement based, Model based and Hybrid Applications working in unison

Client Applications

C37.118 PMU/PDC Data Stream

Webservice&

SCADA Protocol eg IEC 60870-101/4

EMS Integration


Benefits of WAMS-EMS Integration


Measurement based Apps(WAMS Only)


WAMS applications in Control Room


Measurement based applications Hybrid (Model + Measurement ) Applications

Enhanced Disturbance Management

Enhanced Island

Management

Angle based Grid

Management

Online Parameter Estimation

Online Linear State

Estimator


Measurement based real-time Applications


Phasor Data Concentrator

• Receives multiple input streams from PMU/PDCs• C37.118/2005 and C37.118/2011/2014 compliant• Output multi-rate data streams• Manages duplicate data (e.g. supporting redundant networking)• Data manipulation (scale, offset, phasor inversion)• Data validity monitoring• High performance • Diverse Transport Protocols (TCP, UDP, Spontaneous UDP, Mixed, Multicast)• Connection statistics and profiling• Automatic data recovery

• Extreme Performance (5ms average processing latency for 5000 PMUs*)• C37.118/2011/2014 Configuration Frame 3• Optional Aggregation Modes per output stream (C37.244)• Redundant data sources (e.g. automatically switch sources)• Format change (float/integer and polar/rectangular)• Scalable – managing over 5000 PMUs with modern HTML5 interface• Data augmentation (calculation of P, Q and symmetrical components)• Advanced connection statistics and profiling (find connection issues fast)• Monitor PDC and WAMS network performance (latency statistics)

New PDC features:

* Processing 5 PDC streams on single 2 socket Xeon E5-2667v2 server


Oscillation Management


Oscillation Detection & Monitoring (0.005 – 4 Hz )

1/F MODE FREQUENCY

MODE AMPLITUDE

A

MODE DECAY TIME

EXP(-t/ )

MODE PHASE

Mode Frequency

Mode Amplitude

Mode decay time

Mode Phase

Exp(-t/ )

Measured P / f /

Operations

Planning Dynamic model validation / plant performance

Early warning alarms of poor damping

Inter-area mode at 0.49Hz (Colombia-

Ecuador - 2009). Opposing phase in South


Oscillation Management


Oscillation Source Location

Functionality

Uses Oscillation Phase as identification of largest contributions to oscillation. Define largest group contribution, then finds closest PMU to largest contribution in group.

Benefits

• Targeted action - on-line or planning

• Supports operational process to manage unexpected behaviour

• Supports control tuning process


System Disturbance Management


Detect, Locate, Sequence, Classify and Estimate the impact of disturbance

1) Detect disturbance2) Locate trigger point

3) Detect event type

4) Estimate impact

1 sec

Functionality

Enhance location and add disturbance impact measures based on static & dynamic stress. Metrics compared with baseline to show severity. Real-time & off-line performance indicators, with event severity & clustering. Angle-change view to assist restoration strategy.

Benefits

Real-time

• Present severe events or sequences, assess risk. High level warnings

• Identify restoration strategy, especially following multi-contingency

Analysis

• Long-term performance statistics & risk

• Select events for reporting


Island Management, Black Start and Re-sync


Island Detection

Functionality

PMU-based methods to quickly detect an islanding condition, and assist with the re-synchronization process.

Model-based topology processing to identify the islanded boundaries, and generation/load resources in each island.

Benefits

• Real-time alerts/alarms on islanding condition.

• Visually identify the islanded regions.

• Localized frequency and angle measurements to assist with the re-synchronization process (i.e. enabling the check-sync relay to ensure successful reclosure).


Island Management, Black Start and Re-sync


Black-start and re-synchronization

Select 2 locations for:Frequency differenceVmag differenceVangle difference

Align for successful re-closing


PMU Based Linear State Estimator


State Estimator at sub-second rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Voltage Angle Voltage Angle Estimated

30 degree bias

Benefits

• Back up to existing EMS SE (provides an alternate layer of visibility).

• PMU data validation (detect bad data) including topology errors.

• Correct for problematic CT and PT errors.

Concept

• State estimator driven purely with PMUs (i.e. “state measurement”).

• Operates at the sub-second cycle (tracking the PMU data).


Hybrid Applications


Integrating WAMS into the DNA of the control room operations

Control Center - PDC

New

Ap

plic

atio

ns

Oth

er E

MS

Ap

plic

atio

ns SCADA & Alarms WAMS Alarms

State Estimator State Measurement

Small Signal Stability Oscillation Monitoring

Transient & Voltage Stability Stability Monitoring & Control

Island Management Island Detection, Resync, & Blackstart

EMS

MODEL-BASED Analysis

WAMS

PMU MEASUREMENT-BASED Analysis


Hybrid Applications


PMU based alarms and phasor data EMS

• Bring data from real-time Synchrophasor system at a down sampled rate of 1 frames/second

• Alarms and composite events are used by integrated alarms application – operators doesn’t need to switch between screen

• Raw data is being used by hybrid applications where phasor measurements meets model


Angle-Based Grid Management


Observe . Analyze . Predict . Correct

• Use angle difference as stress indicator

• Transforming angle based Monitoring into operator guidance

• Predict angle difference for the all branch contingencies

• Recommend unit based control actions for each contingency – The most sensitive unit for each node pair and contingency combination

• Independent of state estimation (Measurement and topology based)

δCorrect

Predict

Angle Monitoring


Angle-Based Grid Management


Observe . Analyze . Predict . Correct

1 2

Monitoring Post-CTG Angle Differences

1Controlling Post-CTG Angle

Differences

2

Generator sensitivities (in MW) to reduce angle difference values during Post-CTG events.


Enhanced Disturbance Management


Detect and Describe Events

• Disturbance Detection

• Correlation between WAMS events and topology change in EMS. Associate it to the nearest PMU

• Disturbance classification

• History and statistical analysis of disturbance/events

• Automated CSV Report


Enhanced Island Management


Detect, Manage Islands and Assist to Resync

• Island Detection

• Island interfaces

• Cause and location of island formation

• Real-time generation, load and its contribution to total generation and loading in the island respectively

• Resynchronization paths

• Voltage, angle and frequency deltas across the islands


Offline Engineering Analysis



Offline Engineering Analysis


Leveraging time-synchronized and high fidelity PMU measurements in Operations Planning

• Quicker post-mortem analysis.• Sequence of events & root cause analysis.

Post Event Analysis

• Dynamic model verification.• Generator model calibration.• CT/PT calibration.• Load characterization.

Dynamic ModelValidation

• Assess dynamic performance of the grid.• Steady-state angular separation.• System disturbance impact measures.

Baselining

• Primary frequency (governing) response. • Power System Stabilizer (PSS) tuning.• Sub-synchronous resonance.

Compliance Monitoring

Synchrophasor benefits for Post-Event Analysis

Phasor data are also valuable for investigation of grid disturbances, improving both the speed and quality of analysis.

In the case of the 2007 Florida blackout, NERC investigators used phasor data to create the sequence of events and determine the cause of the blackout in only two days; in contrast, lacking high-speed, time-synchronized disturbance data it took many engineer years of labor to compile a correct sequence of events for the 2003 blackout in the Northeast U.S. and Ontario.

NERC RAPIR Report, 2010.


Stabilizer Control Tuning Services


Selection – control loop design – commissioning tests – review

Switching

Tests (opening) Mode Frq Damping SIG-FLJ

Phase

Change

PSS OFF 0.34 4.2% -167.1 0

PSS #1 ON 0.33 6.8% -156.2 10.9

PSS #2 ON 0.33 2.3% -167.3 -0.2

PSS #3 ON 0.33 6.3% -154.3 12.8

PSS Disabled

PSS Enabled

Fre

qu

en

cy,

Dam

pin

g, P

HA

SE

SIG-PSS

Network

Switch

FLJ

FLJ

SIG-PSS #1, #3

SIG-PSS

OFF, #2

Group

Contribution

Improves


Model Validation – Forced Simulation


Use PMU measured data to validate dynamic models

MODEL VALIDATION

− Power Plant Model Validation

− Load Model Validation

− CT/PT Calibration

Acknowledgements:This work is being performed under the following projects:BPA TIP352DOE FOA DE-0001492


Hybrid Operator Training System



Training options


1) Stand-alone WAMS Training EnvironmentDynamic simulation capability driving synchrophasor applications in real-time system.

Demonstrates the product’s capabilities for WAMS real-time applications, enabling exercise

the trainee’s understanding of the solution.

2) Historical Event Capture PlaybackRe-run of past system events within the WAMS environment, enabling configuration

adjustments and operator response analysis.

3) Hybrid (WAMS & EMS) Training Simulator

(DTS/OTS)Fully mimics the operational environment in a control-room, allowing the trainee to change the course of the system’s response in real-time.

Syn

chro

ph

aso

rS

yste

mD

TS

INTE

GR

ATI

ON


Option 3: Hybrid (WAMS & EMS) Training Simulator


Integration of Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) and a Transient Simulation Engine (PowerTech TSAT).

EMS Platform

Integrated Dispatcher Training System:

• Real-time simulator based on Powertech TSAT

• Simulated data is fed directly into PP as C37.118 streams

• Data is also down sampled and sent to the EMS & DSA Tools

• EMS integrated with WAMS and DSA tools

Synchrophasor

Training Server

DSA tools

Central PDC

Application

Services

Data Services

Load Flow Simulation

Dispatch Control ETV Engine

Dynamic

Grid Simulator

Control Room

Training Environment

Operator in Training

Downsampling

alarms

Simulated

C37.118 Data

Powertech TSAT

Environment

Shaping the next-generation DTS/OTS


Demo Model –WAMS123/minniWECC



WAMS123 Demo Model


Miniature, Academic Simulation Model of US Western Interconnection Developed by BPA


Demo Sequence


• Load the training scenario

• Two tie lines connecting US and Canada regions

• AGM predicting angle difference violation between CANADA1 and PORTLAND1 for the worst contingency case; which happened to be one of the tie lines (6_28_1)

• Open Tie 1 (6_28_1), validate AGMs Prediction

• Look EDM for disturbance classification

• Open Tie 2 (7_10_1) to separate CANADA from US – Two Island

• Look at EIM for island interfaces, voltage and frequency deltas and resync paths

• Re-dispatch, match and manual resync


Demo



Questions


synchrophasor based grid management and stability applications - synchrophasor based … ·...

Documents