Sustainable intensification in livestock systems: where does feed fit?

Alan DuncanFAP Symposium on Feed in Smallholder Systems

Luang Prabang, Laos, 18-19 November 2010

Population growth

Livestock systems are changing

Climate changeGlobal trade

Intensification

Livestock systems are intensifyingPotential benefits for smallholders but

also potential risks

Intensification = more feed per animal

“Graduated upgrading” of livestock systems

“A fodder project is a non-starter .....”

Feed is a component of a larger system– Biophysical niches for particular feed

interventions – the growth factor– Input delivery – the push factor– Markets – the pull factor– Other competing livelihood options – the

competition factor– Institutional environment – the human

factor

Economic e.g. milk, meat

Non-cash e.g. manure, security etc

Inputs

Vetservices

Feed

Geneticmerit

seed

extension

technical

demand

Market infrastructure

Influences

Outputs

Smallholderlivestock enterprise

organisational

technical

Policy/institutionspolicy

ImprovedlivelihoodsPush Pull

Inst

Push

Working out what is there – feed assessment

Assessments at various scales– National– Village– Household

Production niches

Working out what the feeding constraint is in given situation– Absolute scarcity– Lack of N– Lack of digestible feed– Seasonal deficits

Working out what feeding interventions would help

Pull

Market environment

Mieso:

“Some farmers sold cattle fattened by the improved forages for more than Birr 9000 as compared to Birr 4000 to 5000 per head without the forages….”

 Competing enterprises

Inst

Institutional environment – the innovation system

Urbanwholesaler

CollectorUrban dairyproducer

UrbanconsumerUrban

wholesaler

CollectorUrban dairyproducer

Urbanconsumer

Rural farmer

Research Extension

Govt line dept

Govt line dept

Govt line dept

Policy/enabling environment

PresentationsWhat is available – an example of development of a national feed inventory - Dr Sampath (National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology)Where do different feed options fit? Biophysical niches – Diriba Geleti/Werner Stur/Tassilo TiemannSupplementary/compounded feeding in Kenyan and Indian dairy systems – why so little? – Ben Lukuyu and Michael Blummel Farmer-participatory research and development for improving feed supply and use - Asamoah LarbiLivestock feed as a component of smallholder systems: trade-offs in biomass use- Bruno Gerard (including SLP CR study)Feed as a component of value chains. Shirley TarawaliLinking fodder to livestock markets - Werner Stür and Truong tan KhanhFodder innovation in smallholder systems – Ranjitha Puskur – findings from FIPUsing stakeholder platforms to enhance local innovation in the livestock sector – Kebebe Ergano and Alan DuncanInnovation processes in different national contexts - Seife Ayele – FAP meta-analysis

PushPullInst