SulfurSulfur

Physical - chemical Physical - chemical propertiesproperties

Chemical symbol Chemical symbol SS, , ((Sulphur)Sulphur) Atomic number : 16Atomic number : 16 AArr: 32,065: 32,065

Density 1,960 g/cmDensity 1,960 g/cm33

Melting point: 115, °C - 388,4 KMelting point: 115, °C - 388,4 K Boiling point: 444,67 °C - 717,87 KBoiling point: 444,67 °C - 717,87 K

StructureStructure

HistoryHistorySulfur was known in ancient times, and is Sulfur was known in ancient times, and is

referred to in the Bible.referred to in the Bible.Early alchemists gave sulfur its own Early alchemists gave sulfur its own

alchemical symbol which was a triangle alchemical symbol which was a triangle at the top of a cross.at the top of a cross.

In 1867 sulfur was discovered in In 1867 sulfur was discovered in underground deposits in Louisiana and underground deposits in Louisiana and Texas.Texas.

Biological roleBiological role

enzymes enzymes cellscells DNADNA bacteriabacteria

Sulfur is found in:Sulfur is found in:

amino acids -cysteineamino acids -cysteine methioninemethionine polypeptidespolypeptides proteinsproteins

ApplicationsApplicationsSulfur is used in:Sulfur is used in:

batteriesbatteries detergentsdetergents vulcanization of rubbervulcanization of rubber fungicidesfungicides manufacture of manufacture of

phosphate fertilizersphosphate fertilizers bleaching paperbleaching paper

preservative in wine and preservative in wine and dried fruitdried fruit

gunpowdergunpowder fireworksfireworks photographic fixing photographic fixing

agentsagents laxativelaxative exfoliantexfoliant

Environmental Environmental ImpactImpact

Industry Industry

Sulfur dioxide SOSulfur dioxide SO22

Acid rainAcid rain

Damage to the natural environment and Damage to the natural environment and chemical weatheringchemical weathering

OccurrenceOccurrence in in earth’s crust (0,03 - 0,09 %) (0,03 - 0,09 %) iin n oceans and and seas (c(csulfursulfur = 900 mg/l) = 900 mg/l) iin the n the universe ((1 atom of sulfur come to 60 000 atoms 1 atom of sulfur come to 60 000 atoms

of hydrogenof hydrogen)) in in volcanic regions and and hot springs In ores: In ores: pyrite (iron sulfide), (iron sulfide), cinnabar (mercury sulfide), (mercury sulfide),

galena (lead sulfide), (lead sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulfide) and (zinc sulfide) and stibnite (antimony sulfide), (antimony sulfide), gypsum (calcium sulfate), (calcium sulfate), barite (barium sulfate) (barium sulfate)

spring – pramen, vřídlospring – pramen, vřídlo

Sulfur in other Sulfur in other languageslanguages

english: sulfurenglish: sulfur latin: sulphur latin: sulphur czech: síra czech: síra croatian: sumpor croatian: sumpor french: soufre french: soufre german: dchwefel german: dchwefel

italian: solfo italian: solfo norwegian: svovel norwegian: svovel portuguese: enxôfre portuguese: enxôfre spanish: azufre spanish: azufre swedish: svavelswedish: svavel

References:References:http://en.wikiedia.org./wiki/Sulfurhttp://en.wikiedia.org./wiki/Sulfurhttp://www.doktorka.cz/run/reydsys/vitaminy/r-http://www.doktorka.cz/run/reydsys/vitaminy/r-

art.asp?id=1698art.asp?id=1698http://www.webelements.com/webelements/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/

elements/text/S/key.htmlelements/text/S/key.htmlhttp://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/S.htmlhttp://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/S.htmlhttp://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/

periodic/S.htmlperiodic/S.htmlhttp://www.scescape.net/http://www.scescape.net/~~woods/elements/woods/elements/

sulfur.htmlsulfur.html

Thank you for your attention!

Presentation was prepared by:

Eva Jochimová

Helena Šmídová

3.11.2005 Brno University of Technology