studying distribution system hydraulics and flow dynamics
TRANSCRIPT
Studying Distribution System Hydraulics and
Flow Dynamics to Improve Water Utility
Operational Decision Making
Operational Decision Support System
Validation Report
Prepared for the
National Institute for Hometown Security
368 N. Hwy 27
Somerset, KY 42503
August 20, 2014
Acknowledgements:
This research was funded through funds provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
administered by the National Institute for Hometown Security, under an Other Transactions
Agreement, OTA #HSHQDC-07-3-00005, Subcontract #02-10-UK.
This research involved the following project partners:
Name
Address
Contact Information
L. Sebastian Bryson University of Kentucky
Department of Civil Engineering,
Lexington, KY 40506
Tel: 859.257.3247
Fax: 859.257.4404
Scott Yost University of Kentucky
Department of Civil Engineering,
Lexington, KY 40506
Tel: 859.257.4816
Fax: 859.257.4404
Andrew N.S. Ernest The Environmental Institute
Civil Engineering
The University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
Tel: 205-348-0741
Fax: 205-348-9659
Robert E. Reed University of Missouri
Water Resources Research Center
& Center for Sustainable Energy
E2509 Laferre Hall
Columbia, MO 65211
Tel: 573.884.6162
Fax: 573.884.2766
James G. Uber University of Cincinnati
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
Cincinnati, OH 45221
Tel: 513.556.3643
Fax: 513.556.2599
Dominic Boccelli University of Cincinnati
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
Cincinnati, OH 45221
Tel: (513) 375-6901
Fax: (513) 556-2599
Doug Wood KYPIPE LLC
710Toms Creek Rd
Cary, NC 27519
Tel: (859)-263-0401
1
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has established 18 sectors of
infrastructure and resource areas that comprise a network of critical physical, cyber, and human
assets. One of these sectors is the Water Sector. The Water Sector Research and Development
Working Group has stated that water utilities would benefit from a clearer and more consistent
understanding of their system flow dynamics. Understanding flow dynamics is important to
interpreting water quality measurements and to inform basic operational decision making of the
water utility. Such capabilities are critical for utilities to be able to identify when a possible attack
has occurred as well as knowing how to respond in the event of such an attack. This research
sought to better understand the impact of water distribution system flow dynamics in addressing
such issues. In particular, the project: (1) evaluated the efficacy and resiliency of the real-time
hydraulic/water quality model using stored SCADA data in order to understand the potential
accuracy of such models, and understand the relationship between observed water quality changes
and network flow dynamics, and (2) developed a toolkit for use by water utilities to select the
appropriate level of operational tools in support of their operational needs.
1.2 Operational Decision Support System
The Water Distribution System Operational Decision Support System (WDSODSS) has been
developed to assist water utilities in designing a monitoring/control system for their water
distribution system that will provide water distribution system data (WDSD) for use in support of
various system operations. Such data could include both general operational data as determined
from either real time telemetry or off-line computer models, or on-line data (including data from
both hydraulic and water quality sensors). Operational applications could include 1) energy
management, 2) water quality management, 3) emergency response management, and 4) event
detection.
The operational support data, information, an tools that have been developed as part of this project
have been arranged in an operational hierarchy that can be visualized in a ladder of components,
in which each rung on the ladder will be dependent upon the previous rung. The three basic
components or rungs included in the operational decision support system are illustrated below.
These include 1) Hardware: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), 2)
Software: Graphical representation and analysis 3) Hardware/Software Integration: Analytics and
Modeling.
2
Figure 1. Components of the Operational Decision Support System
1.3 Decision Support System Architecture
The decision support system has been developed to allow the user to access the different
operational components through two different methods: 1) an explicit decisional response path
based on predetermined decisional decision trees (e.g, flowcharts) or 2) an implicit evolving
decisional response path as developed an expert system inference engine in response to sequential
answers as provided through the user interface (see Figure 1). The explicit response path is
supported through a customized website: www.uky.edu/WaterSecurity. The implicit response path
is supported through a stand-alone toolkit that can either be run on the web or on a Android cell
phone. The toolkit uses expert system technology to guide the user through the associated
content. The overall structure of the decision support system is summarized in Figure 2.
Hardware: Sensors and SCADA
Software: Graphical Representation and Analysis
Hardware/Software Integration:Analytics and Modeling
3
Figure 2. Decision Support System Architecture
User
Question
Data & Facts
ExplicitDecisional Response:
Predetermined Decision Tree
ImplicitDecisional Response:
Traditional Expert System
Model Results
Model Results
Responses/Recommendations
Fact Sheets WebLinksReports
4
2.0 Decision Support System Evaluation Workshops
In order to validate the utility of the WDSODSS, a day-long workshop was held on August 20th,
2014 at the University of Kentucky. The workshop was attended by 16 people representing eight
different water utilities. A summary of the water utilities who participated is provided in Table 1.
Table 2.1 Summary of Workshop Participants
Utility Name Number of Customers Average Day Demand (MG)
Bath County Water District 3,717 0.95
Bardstown Municipal Water Department
11,039 3.95
Laurel Water District #2 5,881 1.17
Leitchfield Utilities 2,821 1.55
Morehead Utility Plant Board 3,356 4.22
Morehead State University 6,501 0.31
Kentucky-American Water Co. 104,836 30.05
Carrollton Utilities 1,623 0.74
The workshop consisted of a series of presentations on the different content and components of the
WDSODSS along with several hands-on sessions in which the participants were able to use the
Graphical Flow Model as developed for the project. An outline of the presentation is provided in Table
2.2. A copy of the workshop notes is provided in Appendix A.
5
Table 2.2 Workshop Outline
• Project Resources
• Hardware Options
– Sensors and controllers
– SCADA interface
– Communication options
– Operator interface
– Design & build options
– Sensor placement
• Guidance
• Software
• Software Options
– Data Requirements
– Graphical Flow Model
• Overview
• Data management features
• Pipe break analysis
• Flow/pressure analysis
– Model calibration
– KYPIPE
• Extended period analysis
• Water quality analysis
• Hardware/software integration
– Utility survey
– Data analytics
– Real time operation
6
3.0 Decision Support System Evaluation Workshop Assessment
During the course of the workshop, the workshop participants were asked to respond to a series of
questions about their utility as well as the content of the workshop. Input was obtained anonymously
using electronic transmitters purchased from Turning Point. In collecting the data, participants were
asked to select from a set of possible responses which were shown on a screen via an embedded
PowerPoint presentation. The compiled results were then shown to the group in real time. A summary
of the various questions and the associated participant response are provided in Figures 3.1 to 3.32.
A summary of the results of the survey are provided as follows:
1) Water quality was identified as the greatest operational challenge.
2) At least 70% of the respondents indicated they would likely utilize the online resources developed as
part of this research.
3) The majority of the respondents indicated they were interested in participating in either a utility
partner program or sponsoring a summer intern at their utility.
4) The cost to replace existing telemetry or SCADA systems was identified anywhere from $25,000 to
greater than $1,000,000.
5) The majority of surveyed utilities utilize radio as their primary communication network.
6) Of those system that do have a SCADA system, 90% maintain a historical database. Of those that
do, all indicated they use the data to evaluate their operational strategies.
7) At least 40% of the utilities have water quality sensors in their distribution system, and an additional
40% considering installing them.
8) 30% of the respondents indicated they did not have a computer model for their water distribution
system.
9) KYPIPE was indicated as the vendor most used for those systems that have a computer model.
10) The majority of utilities that have a model use it for planning scenarios.
11) Most utilities maintain data about their system in a GIS database.
12) 100% of the respondents saw a potential use of the Graphical Flow Model for predicting flows and
pressures in their systems.
13) Over 50% of the respondents envision using the Graphical Flow Model for managing a pipe break.
7
14) The majority of the respondents indicated a likely desire to upgrade the Graphical Flow Model to
KYPIPE.
15) Over 70% of the respondents indicated they would be likely to use a computer model to conduct a
water quality analysis.
16) Over 70% of the respondents indicated that the optimal placement of water quality sensors was
important.
17) Nearly 70% of the respondents indicated that the ability to analyze system analytics in a real time
environment is important.
18) Nearly 70% of the respondents indicated that the ability to have a real-time model of their system
was important
19) The majority of the participants (53%), found the material on the Graphical Flow Model was the
most useful part of the workshop.
20) The overview on free resources and insights on hardware and SCADA, were identified as the least
useful parts of the workshop.
21) Over 50% of the respondents rated the workshop a 9 on a scale of 1 to 9, with 9 = excellent. An
additional 30% of the respondents gave the workshop a score of 7 or 8. No one scored the workshop
less than a 6. As a result, it was concluded the participants felt the workshop either met or exceeded
their expectations.
8
Table 3.1 What is the size of your utility?
Number of Customers Responses
(percent)
< 1000 customers 6.25%
1,000 to 2,000 0%
2,000 to 5,000 31.25%
5,000 to 10,000 37.50%
10,000 to 25,000 6.25%
25,000 to 50,000 0%
50,000 to 100,000 0%
> 100,000 customers 18.75%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.2 What is your average daily summer demand?
Avg. Daily Summer Demands Responses
(percent)
< .5 MGD 18.75%
.5 to 1 MGD 0%
1 to 2 MGD 25%
2 to 5 MGD 31.25%
5 to 10 MGD 6.25%
10 to 25 MGD 0%
25 to 50 MGD 18.75%
50 to 75 MGD 0%
> 75 MGD 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.3 What is your greatest operational challenge?
Operational Challenges Responses
(percent)
Maintaining adequate fire flows 12.50%
Maintaining adequate pressures 12.50%
Maintaining good water quality 31.25%
Leaks/unaccounted for water 25%
Insufficient storage 6.25%
Inefficient pumps 0%
Energy consumption 0%
Customer complaints 12.50%
Other 0%
Percent Total 100%
9
Table 3.4 How likely would you be to utilize online resources in
support of operational issues?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 29.41%
Generally likely 41.18%
Unsure 29.41%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.5 How likely would you be to participate in the UK Utility Partner Program?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 13.33%
Generally likely 33.33%
Unsure 53.33%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.6 How interested would you be in having a summer intern student?
Level of Interest Responses
(percent)
Highly interested 25%
Generally interested 43.75%
Unsure 31.25%
Generally not interested 0%
No interest 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.7 What type of operational hardware do you have for your distribution system?
Operational Hardware Responses
(percent)
None 12.50%
Electronic telemetry on pumps 6.25%
Electronic telemetry on pumps and tanks 37.50%
Electronic controls on pumps and tanks 6.25%
SCADA system with RTUs 6.25%
SCADA system with PLCs 31.25%
Not sure 0%
Percent Total 100%
10
Table 3.8 What are your reasons for not having a more comprehensive system?
Reasons Responses
(percent)
No perceived need 6.25%
Hardware costs 12.50%
Software costs 12.50%
Personnel costs 0%
Other 12.50%
Multiple reasons 50%
Not sure 6.25%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.9 How much would it cost to replace your existing system?
Cost Responses
(percent)
< $10,000 0%
$10,000 to $25,000 6.25%
$25,000 to $50,000 0%
$50,000 to $100,000 12.50%
$100,000 to $250,000 18.75%
$250,000 to $500,000 6.25%
$500,000 to $1,000,000 12.50%
> $1,000,000 18.75%
Not sure 25%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.10 What type of communications network do you have?
Types of Communication Networks
Responses
(percent)
Telephone 14.29%
Fiber optic 7.14%
Coaxial cable 0%
Radio 42.86%
Wi-Fi 0%
Microwave 0%
Cellular 7.14%
Satellite 0%
Not sure 28.57%
Percent Total 100%
11
Table 3.11 Does your SCADA system provide a backup for historical data?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Yes 71.43%
No 7.14%
Not sure 0%
Don’t have a SCADA system 21.43%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.12 Do you ever use historical data to help evaluate your operational strategies?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Yes 80%
No 0%
Not sure 6.67%
Only have limited historical data 13.33%
Don’t have historical data 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.13 Do you have any water quality sensors in your distribution system?
Water Quality Sensors Responses
(percent)
Yes – conductivity 0%
Yes – chlorine 28.57%
Yes – TOC 0%
Yes – other constituents 14.29%
No – not likely to install 7.14%
No – but considering 42.86%
Not sure 7.14%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.14 Does your utility have a computer model of their water distribution system?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Yes – we have our own in-house model 38.46%
Yes – we use a consultant model 30.77%
No 30.77%
Not sure 0%
Percent Total 100%
12
Table 3.15 Which model vendor do you use?
Vendors Responses
(percent)
KYPIPE 41.67%
Innovyze 0%
Bentley 0%
EPA 8.33%
Other 16.67%
We don’t have a model 33.33%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.16 If you do not use a model, why not?
Reasons Responses
(percent)
Lack of data 0%
Cost of software 15.38%
Lack of funds to support staffing 15.38%
No perceived need 0%
Lack of administrative support 23.08%
Other reasons 0%
We have a model 46.15%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.17 What is your model mainly used for?
Uses Responses
(percent)
Planning scenarios 57.14%
Fire-flow analysis 7.14%
Assets management 7.14%
Operational what-ifs 0%
Water quality 0%
Energy 0%
Main flushing 0%
We have no model 28.57%
Percent Total 100%
13
Table 3.18 How are the data for your system organized and maintained?
Data Storage Responses
(percent)
Physical map of the system 7.69%
Physical card drawer 0%
As built drawings 7.69%
Computer database 0%
AM/FM system 0%
GIS coverage/database 84.62%
Computer model 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.19 Which features of the Graphical Flow Model do you find most helpful?
Features Responses
(percent)
System asset and data management 7.14%
Mapping 7.14%
Pipe break analysis 21.43%
Flow/pressure analysis 57.14%
Report Generation 7.14%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.20 How likely would you be to use a computer model to
manage your physical assets?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 35.71%
Generally likely 28.57%
Unsure 28.57%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 7.14%
Percent Total 100%
14
Table 3.21 How likely would you be to use a computer model to predict flows and pressures in
your system?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 92.86%
Generally likely 7.14%
Unsure 0%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.22 How likely would you be to use a computer model to manage a pipe break event?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 53.85%
Generally likely 23.08%
Unsure 15.38%
Generally unlikely 7.69%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.23 How interested would you be in having a UK student work with your utility to verify
the data in your model?
Level of Interest Responses
(percent)
Highly interested 33.33%
Potentially interested 25%
Unsure 25%
Not interested 16.67%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.24 How interested would you be in having a UK student work with your utility to
calibrate your model?
Level of Interest Responses
(percent)
Highly interested 25%
Potentially interested 33.33%
Unsure 25%
Not interested 16.67%
Percent Total 100%
15
Table 3.25 How likely would you be to upgrade the graphical flow model to KYPIPE?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 38.46%
Generally likely 38.46%
Unsure 23.08%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.26 How likely would you be to use a computer model to conduct a water quality analysis?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Highly likely 41.67%
Generally likely 33.33%
Unsure 25%
Generally unlikely 0%
Highly unlikely 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.27 How important is the optimal placement of water quality sensors?
Level of Importance Responses
(percent)
Very important 54.55%
Generally important 18.18%
Unsure 27.27%
Not important 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.28 How important to your utility is an ability to analyze system analytics in a real time
environment?
Level of Importance Responses
(percent)
Very important 16.67%
Generally important 50%
Unsure 33.33%
Not important 0%
Percent Total 100%
16
Table 3.29 How important to your utility is an ability to have a real-time model of your system?
Level of Importance Responses
(percent)
Very important 9.09%
Generally important 54.55%
Unsure 36.36%
Not important 0%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.30 Which part of today’s workshop was most useful?
Parts of Workshop Responses
(percent)
Free resources 15.38%
Insights on operations 15.38%
Insights on hardware/SCADA 0%
Graphical flow model data management 23.08%
Graphical flow model flow/pressure analysis 30.77%
Leaving with a model of your own system 0%
Insights on model calibration 7.69% Insights on advanced modeling (water quality) 0%
Hardware/software integration 7.69%
Percent Total 100%
Table 3.31 Which part of today’s workshop was least useful?
Parts of Workshop Responses
(percent)
Free resources 25%
Insights on operations 0%
Insights on hardware/SCADA 25%
Graphical flow model – data management 0% Graphical flow model – flow/pressure analysis 0%
Leaving with a model of your own system 16.67%
Insights on model calibration 8.33%
Insights on advance modeling (water quality) 16.67%
Hardware/software integration 8.33%
Percent Total 100%
17
Table 3.32 How Useful was today’s workshop?
Possible Responses Responses
(percent)
Very Useful 53.85%
** 23.08%
*** 7.69%
**** 15.38%
***** 0%
****** 0%
******* 0%
******** 0%
Not Useful 0%
Percent Total 100%
18
APPENDIX A: Workshop Notes
19
•
H ld i th t i t ? C I d th
Improved Network Operations Through Decision Support and Computer Modeling
Lindell Ormsbee, P.E., Ph.D., Sebastian Bryson, P.E. Ph.D.
Scott Yost, P.E., Ph.D
University of Kentucky
Abdoul A. Oubeidillah, Ph.D., Andrew N.S. Ernest, Ph.D., P.E.,
Joseph L. Gutenson
University of Alabama
Jim Uber, P.E., Ph.D, Dominic Boccelli, Ph.D
University of Cincinnati
Srini Lingireddy, Ph.D, KYPIPE, LLC.
Outline • Introduction
• Project Resources
• Hardware Options
• Software Options
• Hardware/software integration
www.uky.edu/WaterSecurity 1 2
Project Goal • To assist water utilities in improving the
operation of their water distribution systems in support of:
– Normal operations
– Emergency operations
• Natural events
• Man made events
WDS Operational Objectives
• Maintain Adequate Flows and Pressures
• Minimize Water Quality Problems
• Minimize Operational Cost
• Schedule Maintenance
• Emergency Response
Research Knowledge Tools
4
Operational Questions
• Can I provide adequate fire protection at a particular location in my system?
• Can I add a new development to my system without negatively affecting pressures and fire protection elsewhere?
• How old is the water in my system? Can I decrease the water age by changing: – Valve settings – Pump operations – Tank operations
• How long will it take to fill or drain my tanks under: – Normal conditions? – Emergency conditions?
Operational Questions • How can I isolate leaks in my system?
• How can I increase pressure in my systems?
• How can I increase the reliability of my system?
• How will my system perform if I have to:
– Close a particular valve
– Isolate a particular tank
– Shut down a particular pump
• Which valves do I need to close to isolate a pipe break? What are the impacts on pressures and flows?
5 6
20
SCADA t /S Pl t
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
• Website
Free Resources
On‐Line Water Quality Model
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Integration
– http://www.uky.edu/WaterSecurity/
• Toolkit – http://www.water‐wizard.org /wds
• Guidance – SCADA systems/Sensor Placement
– Water System Modeling/Model Calibration
Operator Interface
Telemetry/Communication Systems
RTUs/PLCs
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
Spatial Visualization Model
Physical Map of System
– Real Time Analytics and Modeling
• Software (Graphical Flow Model) – www.kypipe.com/client_downloads
• Utility database
• Flow/pressure analysis
• Pipe break analysis 8
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
• UK
Partnership Model Water Distribution System Operations Website
– Build GFM of utility system – Visit utility to gain better understanding of system – Develop data collection plan – Assist utility in data collection – Calibrate model – Help migration of model to more advanced software
• Utility – Provide additional data for model – Meet with students – Collect appropriate data – Support of student summer internship ($) – Purchase of more advanced software ($)
• PURPOSE: To assist water
utilities with operation.
• Operational Applications
– Normal Operations
– Emergency Response Management
– Water Quality Management
– Energy Management
– Event Detection
9 www.uky.edu/WaterSecurity 10
WDS Operational Decision Support Tool User Defined Decisional Process (Guidance)
User
Defined Decisional
Process
User Assisted
Decisional Process
User Defined
Decisional Process
User Assisted
Decisional Process
11 12
21
13
User Assisted Decisional Process (toolkit)
User
Defined Decisional
Process
User Assisted
Decisional Process
14
WDS Toolkit
22
Survey 1
24
23
( l )
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
On‐Line Water Quality Model
Hardware
Supervisory Control and Data
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Integration
Acquisition (SCADA) Operator Interface
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
25
Physical Map of System
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
• Introduction
• Project Resources
Outline
SCADA Functions • Hardware Options
– Sensors and controllers
– SCADA interface
– Communication options
– Operator interface
– Design & build options
– Sensor placement • Guidance
• Software • Software Options
• Hardware/software integration
• Data Acquisition (Collection)
• Data Communication (Monitoring)
• Data Presentation (Display)
• Component Operation (Control)
27 28
SCADA Components Hydraulic Sensors
• Sensors and Controllers
• SCADA Interface Units
• Communications Network
• Operator Interface
• Types of Hydraulic Sensors
– Pressure Sensors
Sensors/Controllers RTUs, PLCs Communications Operator Interface
– Flow Sensors
29 30
24
Conductivity Sensor
Hydraulic Sensors
• Sources of Hydraulic Sensors:
– ABB, abb.com
– Ashcroft, ashcroft.com
– Holykell, holykell.com
– Honeywell, honeywell.com
– Keyence, keyence.com
– Truck, truck‐usa.com
Water Quality Sensors
• Types of Water Quality Sensors
– Chlorine Residual Sensor
– TOC Sensor
– Turbidity Sensor
– Conductivity Sensor
– pH Sensor
– ORP Sensor ‐
31 32
Water Quality Sensors
• Sources of Water Quality Sensors
– ABB, abb.com
– GE, ge.com
– Hach, hach.com
– Siemens, siemens.com
– Emerson, emersonprocess.com
– Yokogawa, yokogawa.com/us
33
Water Quality Monitoring Stations
34
Control Equipment (Pumps) Control Equipment (PRVs)
35 36
25
39
T i ll i f b hi h i
40
41
Control Equipment (Control Valves)
37
SCADA Interface Units
• Remote Telemetry Units (RTU1s)
• Remote Terminal Units (RTU2s)
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
38
RTU: Remote Telemetry Unit
• Field interface unit compatible with the SCADA system language
• Convert electronic signals received from field sensors (i.e. pressure sensors, tank level sensors, etc.) into protocol and transmit data to the SCADA Master
• Typically consist of a box which contains a microprocessor and a database
RTU: Remote Terminal Unit • Field interface unit compatible with the SCADA
system language
• Convert electronic signals received from field sensors (i.e. pressure sensors, tank level sensors, etc.) into protocol and transmit data to the SCADA Master
• Typically consist of a box which contains a microprocessor and a database
PLC: Programmable Logic Controller SCADA “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition”
• Basic alternative to RTU; higher cost
• Typical components include
– CPU
• A digital computer used to
monitor and control certain aspects of equipment such
as motor speed, valve
2 Supervisory Control Schemes Control
– Memory
– Control Software actuation, and other functions
Hierarchical Control Distributed Control
– Power Supply
– Input/Output Modules
Control
Control
Control
RTU
RTU
Monitor Instruct
Monitor Instruct
Monitor
Instruct
PLC
PLC
Control
Control
PLC Control
RTU 42
26
Control Schemes: Advantages/Disadvantages
Hierarchical Control Distributed Control
Communications Network
• Communications Systems – Hardwired
ADVANTAGES:
• Low cost (RTUs vs. PLCs)
DISADVANTAGES:
• Inability to operate in case of communication failure
• Potential problems from data transmission rates and computer scan rates
ADVANTAGES:
• Normal operations maintained despite communications failure • Potential differences are minimized for scan and transmission rates
DISADVANTAGES:
• High cost (PLCs vs. RTUs)
43
– Wireless
• Security Issues – Perimeter Security
– Interior Security
– Transport Security
• Security Components – Authentication (who are you?)
– Authorization (what are you allowed to do?)
– Accounting (who did what?) 44
Hardwired Systems Wireless Systems
45 46
SCADA Master
• Central Computer
• User Interface
• Software
Typical Software Features
• Point and pick command structure using interactive graphics.
• Simultaneous graphical display trending of multiple variables.
• Historical trending of all database parameters. • Real time annunciation of system alarms utilizing
single key graphic access. • Alarm and system status differentiation. • Advisory statements on critical system status. • Ability for authorized operator to remotely
change set points in remote stations. 47 48
27
reports and logs
53
54
Typical Software Features
• Ability for authorized operator to create new or modify existing displays, and create new or modify existing report format with minimal computer programming skills.
• Automatic printing of routine preformatted reports and logs.
• Capability to provide graphic screen dumps. • Ability to interface with other standard software
packages. • Authorized accessibility of system database by
engineering or management computers. • A report generation package. 49
SCADA Design Strategies • Design‐Build
– Greater product knowledge
– Decrease outsourcing time and trouble
– More efficient project management
– Vendor partnerships
– Cost
• Design‐Bid‐Build – Greater control
– Potential for less cost
– Greater flexibility in equipment
– Less efficient project management
– Outsourcing time and trouble
50
Design‐Bid‐Build Options Section Considerations Engage a qualified
engineer or design
professional
Design-Bid-Build, Typical
Begin the design
process for complete set of plans and
specs
Obtain bids from multiple qualified
contractors to build project per plans and
specs
Engage a contractor
to complete project
• Quality Standard Certifications
– ISO 9000
– TL 9000 Engage a qualified
engineer or design
professional
Begin the design
process for complete set of plans and
specs
Owner purchases equipment specified in plans and
specs
Obtain bids from multiple
qualified contractors to
install purchased equipment
Engage a contractor to
complete project
• Experience and Client Testimonials
• Vendor Partnerships
• Compare Prices, but balance quality and time
Design-Bid-Build, Owner Equipment Purchase
Engage a qualified
engineer or design
professional
Produce a
“performance specification”
design
Obtain bids from multiple qualified
contractors to build project per
performance spec
Engage a contractor to
complete project
Design-Bid-Build, Performance Specification 51 52
28
D i f i j i (1 h )
Water Quality Sensor Placement
• Placement Software
INPUT
Sensor Location Tool
OUTPUT
–TEVA SPOT
–KYPIPE
• General guidelines
–Single sensor placement
•Graphical method
•Simplified graphical method 55
• Number of sensors to be placed in system
• Mass injection rate of
contaminant (1000 mg/min)
• Duration of injection (1 hr)
* Be sure you are using an
Extended Period Simulation
(EPS)
• Optimal sensor placement locations within system
• Contamination Report
Sensor Placement Guidance Procedure
1. Determine type of system configuration.
2. Select “critical” tank.
3. Draw a circle of influence around ideal tank
based on a “critical diameter”.
4. Identify all nodes within the circle as possible
sensor locations.
5. Assign a score to each node.
6. Rank the nodes based on the score and select the
node with the lowest score.
1. Determine Type of System (A) (B) (C)
57 58
(A) Branch; (B) Loop; (C) Grid
2. Select the “Critical” Tank
• Assign a point to the tank that: –Is furthest downstream from the WTP –Has the lowest maximum water level –Has the lowest minimum water level –Has the lowest ground elevation
Illustration of Step 2
–Has the smallest volume Tank
Elevation (ft)
HGL
(Max
HGL
(Min
Diameter
(ft)
Volume
(ft³)
Most
Down‐
Interior
Location?
Point
Total
• Pick the interior tank with the most level ‐ ft) level ‐ft) stream?
points T‐1 1344.8 1465 1430 99 269419 No Yes 0
T‐2 1338.9 1450 1430 68 72634 No Yes 0
T‐3 1348.3 1465 1440 60 70686 No No 1
T‐4 1232.8 1425 1400 60 70686 Yes Yes 5
59 60
29
R di (ft) 1 6*A
66
3. Draw Circle Around Tank
• Loop or Grid Systems:
–Radius (ft) = ‐.05*(Lp / As) + 4150
• Branch System
–Radius (ft) = 1.6*As + 150
Where: • Lp = total length of all pipes in the system (ft)
• As = approximate area of system (mi2)
61
Illustration of Step 3
62
4. Identify the nodes within the circle as possible sensor locations.
• Exclude any node that is a dead end node.
• If the remaining number of nodes < 10, gradually enlarge the circle until you have at least 10 nodes to choose from.
63
Illustration of Step 4
64
5. Assign a score to each node 6. Rank the nodes and choose the
node with the smallest score
• Where:
Score = (Dt/Nc)
Node C Distance (ft) Distance / C
J‐132 3 4499.6 1499.9
J‐133 3 4204.6 1401.5
J‐185 3 4225.5 1408.5
J‐218 3 4060.2 1353.4
J‐224 3 2486.4 828.8
J‐225 3 2278.4 759.5
Node C Distance (ft) Distance / C Ranking
J‐406 4 1332.4 333.1 1
J‐235 3 1015.9 338.6 2
J‐550 3 1211.1 403.7 3
J‐234 2 917.6 458.8 4
J‐407 3 1594.9 531.6 5
J‐737 3 1651.1 550.4 6
– Dt = shortest distance from each node to the critical tank J‐234 2 917.6 458.8 J‐744 3 1891.6 630.5 7
3 1015.9 338.6 2 1277.4 638.7 8
– Nc = the number of pipes connected to the node
C = 3 C = 4 C = 2
65
J‐256 3 2013.3 671.1
J‐264 3 3694.6 1231.5
J‐265 3 2844.3 948.1
J‐275 3 2371.3 790.4
J‐385 3 2208.9 736.3
J‐389 3 1918.3 639.4
J‐406 4 1332.4 333.1
J‐407 3 1594.8 531.6
J‐550 3 1211.1 403.7
J‐58 3 3020.6 1006.8
J‐666 2 1277.4 638.7
J‐737 3 1651.1 550.4
J‐743 2 1683.8 841.9
J‐744 3 1891.6 630.5
J‐770 2 1976.5 988.2
J‐389 3 1918.3 639.4 9
J‐256 3 2013.3 671.1 10
J‐385 3 2208.9 736.3 11
J‐225 3 2278.4 759.5 12
J‐275 3 2371.3 790.4 13
J‐224 3 2486.4 828.8 14
J‐743 2 1683.8 841.9 15
J‐265 3 2844.3 948.1 16
J‐770 2 1976.5 988.2 17
J‐58 3 3020.6 1006.9 18
J‐264 3 3694.6 1231.5 19
J‐218 3 4060.2 1353.4 20
J‐133 3 4204.6 1401.5 21
J‐185 3 4225.5 1408.5 22
J‐132 3 4499.6 1499.9 23
30
67
68
69
Survey 2
70
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
On‐Line Water Quality Model
Software
Graphical System Representation
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Integration
Hydraulic/Water Quality Analyses Operator Interface
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
71
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
31
75
• Introduction
• Project Resources
• Hardware Options
• Software Options
Outline Computer Models • Computer models for network modeling have
been around since the late 1950s.
– Data Requirements
– Graphical Flow Model • Overview
• Data management features
• Pipe break analysis
• Flow/pressure analysis
– Model calibration
– KYPIPE • Extended period analysis
• Water quality analysis • Hardware/software integration 73 74
Use of Models
• Graphical representation of system
– Network schematic
– Background map
• Infrastructure database
• Customer database
• Computer analyses
Potential Model Uses • Static hydraulic analyses
– Flows and pressures in the system
– Fire flow tests
– Valve closure
• Dynamic hydraulic analyses – Tank turnover
– Pump operations – Emergency response
• Water Quality analyses – Age analysis
– Chlorine residual analysis
– Tracer analysis
• Real Time Analysis – Real Time Operations
– Emergency Response
76
Benefits of Model Development
• Single Unified Database of System
• Identification of Data Errors
• Identification of Inefficient Operations
• Identification of Closed Valves
• Identification of Leaking Pipes
77 78
32
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
Water Distribution System Model
On‐Line Water Quality Model
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Integration
Operator Interface Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Topologic
Information
Network Layout
Topologic
Information
Network Layout
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
KIA GIS
Data Topologic
Information
Network Layout
Elevation
Information
Elevations
33
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps Maps
Elevation
Information Elevations KY GIS
DEM Data Elevation
Information Elevations
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Maps
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic Information
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic Information
KIA
DEM Data
Elevation Information
KIA
DEM Data
Elevation Information
Historical Records
Pipe
Information
L, D
Pipe
Information
L, D
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Maps
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic Information
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic Information
KIA
DEM Data
Elevation Information
KIA
DEM Data
Elevation Information
KIA
GIS Data
Historical
Records
Pipe
Information
L, D
KIA
GIS Data
Historical
Records
Pipe C
Information
Pipe
Roughness
34
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Maps
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic Information
KIA GIS Data
Topologic Information
KIA
DEM Data
KIA
GIS Data
Elevation Information
Historical
Records
Pipe C
Information
KIA DEM Data
KIA
GIS Data
Elevation Information
Historical
Records
Pipe C
Information
C = 4.73 Q L 0.54
H f 0.54 D 2.63
Literature
C Values
Pipe
Roughness
Literature
C Values
Pipe
Roughness
C‐Factor
Tests
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Maps
Billing
Information
Production
Information
KIA GIS Data
Topologic Information
KIA GIS Data
Topologic Information
KIA
DEM Data
Elevation
Information
Tank KIA
DEM Data
Elevation
Information
Nodal
Demands
Historical Records
Valve
Historical Records
KIA
GIS Data
Pipe
Information
Reservoir
Pump
KIA
GIS Data
Pipe
Information
Literature
C Values
C‐Factor
Tests
Literature
C Values
C‐Factor
Tests
Manufacturer
Data Component Information
Manufacturer Data
Component Information
Water Distribution System Model Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Billing Information
Production Information
Maps
Billing
Information
Production Information
KIA GIS Data
Topologic Information
KIA GIS Data
Topologic Information
Nodal
Demands
KIA
DEM Data Elevation
Information KIA
DEM Data Elevation
Information
Historical
Records
Historical
Records
User
Interface
KIA
GIS Data
Pipe
Information
KIA
GIS Data
Pipe
Information
Literature C Values
C‐Factor
Tests
Operational
Scenarios
Literature C Values
Pipe
Roughness
Model
Database
Manufacturer
Data
Component
Information
Operational
Staff
SCADA
Manufacturer
Data
C‐Factor
Tests
Component Information
Operational
Policies
Operational
Staff
SCADA
35
100
101
Notes
Survey 3
97 98
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
On‐Line Water Quality Model
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Integration
Operator Interface Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
Go to the webpage www.kypipe.com/client_downloads
[1] and select “Download 6.037” [2].
1
2
36
106
Opening An Existing Network File
2) Click “All Programs”.
1) Click Start. 104
Click “Pipe2012”.
Click “Applications”.
Click “Graphical Flow Model”.
Click “OK”.
105
Click “OK”. Click “OK”.
107 108
37
110
111
112
113
On Launching the GFM, a software information box will appear. You can close this info box.
Launch the GFM from desktop icon or from your computer’s start menu. Click OK.
109
Click OK.
Click OK.
1. Select File.
2. Select Open.
Graphical Flow Model Starting Screen and GUI.
38
115
116
117
118
119
120
If you downloaded the GFM from the internet, and accepted the default installation paths, click Examples to find the example system file.
Click No.
Select “decon example.KYP”
Click Decon.
2. Select OK.
1. Select “decon example.p2k” if it is not already highlighted. The next time you go through this file directory, this file may appear in this area after clicking the “8 Decon” folder one level up.
Select OK. This message may not appear the next time the file is opened.
39
121
Starting screen view with loaded example file.
Graphical Flow Model User Interface
122
File and Program Options
Map Setting Options
Program Command Bar
Map
Function
Menu
Map Window
Pipe and
Node Data
Menu
Map Function Menu
Map Layout Mode Map Text Mode
Fixed Mode 1 – Cannot move or add nodes Fixed Mode 2 – Cannot move/Can add nodes
Select Multiple Nodes and Pipes Select Nodes/Pipes using a polygon
Attach a note to the map Clear selections
View data tables Refresh map
Loading Background Maps
Add north arrow to map
Undo last map change
Zoom and pan functions
Shift map window functions
Views
Redo last map change
Zoom and pan functions
Shift map window functions
125
40
2 U th ll b
Select Backgrounds.
Select Settings.
127 128
Select Add Map.
1. The images folder on the C: drive will first appear if GFM was downloaded from the internet.
2. Use the scroll bar to locate the file “CITY_Map” in the dialog box. Click on the file to select it.
3. Click open.
129
Screen view with loaded example map file.
Click Map.
131 132
41
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:19 AM
134
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:22 AM
135
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:25 AM
136
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:22 AM
137
137
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:28 AM
138
System Asset and Data Management
The Pipe Information window appears on the right when a pipe is selected with a left click.
133
Click this icon to clear selections.
The Node Information window appears on the right when a node is selected with a left click.
Click this icon to view data tables.
Click OK.
42
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:30 AM
i f i i
139
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:32 AM
140
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:30 AM
h
141
141
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 9:22 AM
142
143
The data tables provide all system information in tabular form.
The user can select which system infrastructure or assets to view in the data table. The current view is for pipes.
Click on the Settings tab to access map settings
Click Map to exit the data table and return to the map window.
These results can also be viewed from the Map menu. In order to “turn on” a particular set of data, first go to the Map Settings Tab and then click on the Labels tab.
Here is the map view with all the pipe diameters (in inches) shown.
Now you can use the drop down menu to select a particular type of data. Here we have selected diameter data.
To show this data on your map, make sure to click on the box next to the selected parameter (e.g. Diameter as shown)
Now, click on the Map tab to take you back to the map viewing area.
144
43
li k th I t [“I t”] b tt
Adding Valves and Hydrants to an Existing Data File
145
Add Valves and Hydrants to the Network
1. From the Network Map screen, click on a pipe in the location where a valve or hydrant should be.
2. In the Pipe Information panel on the right, click on the Insert [“Insrt”] button.
3. In the menu that pops up, select “On/Off Valve” to insert a valve or “Hydrant” to insert a hydrant.
146
2. Select Insrt.
1. Click location to place new element.
Select system element to be added. Here we add an On/Off Valve.
147 148
New Valve is added.
Click this Layout Mode icon to clear active selections.
149 150
44
154
If the system should be flushed can
Note:
1. Once you place a valve or hydrant, you can move it by clicking and dragging it to the desired location.
Adding Pipe and Node Elements
2. The valve or hydrant can be deleted by clicking it to select it and then hitting the delete [“Del”] button. The delete button is right above the “Insrt” button used to add the valve or hydrant.
151 152
Added pipe. Added node.
1) Left click on any existing node in the system.
2) Right click anywhere on the screen you would like to add a node and connecting pipe.
NOTE: New pipe segments may
be connected back to the existing infrastructure by right clicking on
an existing node.
Pipe Break/Contamination Extent Visualization
Pipe Break/
Contamination Feature
If the system needs to be isolated, using what valve(s)?
What is the associated volume of contaminated water? Number of customers? Total demand?
What is the associated volume of isolated water? Number of customers? Total demand?
What critical pieces of infrastructure are impacted?
If the system should be flushed, can the “upstream” part of the system be used or does the system need to be isolated and flushing water pumped through a hydrant? If so, which hydrant?
What will be the final disposition of
the flushed water? Where will the water flow?
155 156
45
159
161
162
Generate a contamination report by a point 1 2
1. Click on “Facilities Management” on the top menu bar
2. Select “Contamination (point)” from the menu
3. Click on a pipe in the network map in the location of the contamination
4. Click on a valve to expand the contamination beyond the valve
5. Go back to the Facilities Management menu and select “Contamination Report”
157
4. Single‐click this valve to see the contamination move north and west in the system. (Note: clicking again on this valve will close it and the contamination will
update to the new boundary condition.)
3
Pipes isolated from the system are highlighted green.
5
Volume Summary Box
46
163
5
Elements of a Contamination Report (Point Selection)
1. File name of the network
2. Date that the analysis was performed
3. Name of the pipe that contains the source of the contaminant (this
is defined by where the user clicked to insert the point intrusion)
4. Volume of water contained in the contaminated pipes
5. Volume of water contained in pipes that are not contaminated but
are isolated from a source
6. List of valve that must be turned off in order to isolate the
contamination
7. List of hydrants that are in the contaminated region
8. Name and elevation of the lowest hydrant in the contaminated area
(for use in flushing)
9. List of the lengths of all of the types of pipes within the 164
contaminated region; categorized by material, rating, and diameter
Notes
Q & A
165 166
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
On‐Line Water Quality Model
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
Generating a Flow Analysis
Integration
Operator Interface Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
47
170
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:03 PM
174
1. Select Analyze.
2. Select Analysis.
Set desired control inputs and then select Analyze Using Settings.
NOTE: On first running an analysis, an error message relating to “multiple node names”
may appear. Click “Fix Automatically” if the
message appears.
Click Display Flowrates.
171 172
1. Select Analyze.
Pipe flowrates displayed by yellow boxes.
2. Select Quick Results to go back to the Analysis Results Display Options.
Nodal system inputs/outputs displayed by blue boxes.
173
48
Pressures at System Nodes Displayed by Labels.
Click Display Pressures.
175
Pressure Contours (Hatch).
Return to the Results Display Options as was shown previously. Select Pressure Contours – Hatch.
177 178
Pressures Contours (Gradient).
Return to Results Display Options and select Pressure Contours – Gradient.
179
49
5
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:24 PM
185
185185
186
Elements of a Flow Analysis Report
Return to Results Display Options and select Analysis Report.
181
1. File name of the network
2. Regulatory valve data and properties
3. Pipeline data and properties
4. Node data and properties
5. Regulatory valve flow analysis results (upstream and downstream pressure and through flowrate)
6. Pipeline Flow analysis (flowrates)
7. Node flow analysis results (external demand, hydraulic grade, pressure head and node pressure in psi)
8. Summary of system inflows and outflows
182
Select Map to return to the map window.
1. Select Contours.
2. Select Hide contours.
50
187
188
190
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 12:00 PM
191
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 2:36 PM
192
1. Select Labels.
2. Select All labels off.
System map at analysis starting point.
Printing/Saving the Analysis Report
The analysis report can be printed in hard copy form, saved as a PDF, BMP, or JPG file, or added to a
presentation as text .
Return to Results Display Options (Analyze + Quick Results) and select Analysis Report.
189
1. Select print from the analysis report.
2. Set print options: select printer to get a hard copy or select the file format to save the report as a file.
Print window box for printing a hard copy of the analysis report. Click Print when finished selecting settings and options.
3. Click Print when finished selecting settings and options.
51
193
Screen clipping taken: 4/11/2014, 2:55 PM
194
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:24 PM
195
195
196
196
return to the
1. You can also select “Save as a Doc file” from the analysis report. This option allows the user to set the file name and file path as shown in the box below.
2. After setting the file name and location in the dialog box, click Save.
Click OK.
Select Map to return to the map window.
System map at analysis starting point.
Printing/Saving the Analysis Image
The analysis image can be printed in hard copy form or saved as an image
file, either as a BMP, PDF, or JPG
To save the flowrate results map image, return to the Results Display Options and click Display Flowrates.
197 198 198
52
199
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:34 PM
201
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:34 PM
202
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:43 PM
204
This is the image we will save as a file in this example.
1. Select Edit from Command Bar
2. Screen Capture Saved as File
200
Select desired size of image. For this
example, select Current Screen
Size.
File is saved using a
default file name scheme as shown in
the box window. You can navigate to the file’s location and
change the file name if desired. Select OK.
1. You can also save the image in a variety of file formats while also controlling the file’s name and destination. Select File.
2. Select Print
1. Select image file type, for example,
PDF.
2. Select Create.
203
53
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:45 PM
205
Screen clipping taken: 4/10/2014, 12:51 PM
206
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207
208
USB Drive
1. Select file location. This could be on the C: drive or a flash drive if you are using one, or any desired path.
Created PDF image
file.
2. Provide file name. 3. Click Save when
finished.
1. To turn off the flow analysis results, select
Labels.
System map at analysis starting point.
2. Select All labels off.
Opening Your System from a USB Drive
1. Insert the USB drive into the laptop.
54
9 Cli k
3. Click “OK”. 4. Click “OK”.
2. Open the Graphical
Flow Model.
Demo 5. Click “Demo”.
6. Click “Load File”.
7. Click the
drop down
arrow.
8. Select the USB
drive (usually e, f,
or h).
9. Click on your
system file.
10. Click “OK”. 11. Click “OK”.
55
Fire Flow Tests
Pressure/Tank Data
Tracer Test
Data
Notes
Survey 4
217 218
Network Model Water Distribution System Model
Calibration/Validation Maps Billing
Information
Production Information
KIA GIS
Data
Topologic
Information
Nodal
Demands
Computer
Algorithm
KIA DEM Data
Elevation
Information
KIA
GIS Data
Historical Records
Pipe
Information
User
Interface
Model
Calibration
Adjust controls Change channel
Literature
C Values
Pipe
Roughness
C‐Factor
Tests
Operational
Policies
Operational
Staff
SCADA
Model
Database
Manufacturer
Data
Component
Information
Collect Calibration Data
• Fire Flow Tests
P Q
• Telemetry Data
– Tank levels over time
– Pressures over time
• Water Quality Data t
– Fluoride Concentration
Q = 29.8 C D2 P0.5
T = L/t
where: D (inches), P (psi), Q(gpm) 222
56
C
closed or partially closed valves pumps
228
General Suggestions
• Use Bourdon Gage with 1 psi increments
• Use pressure snubbers
• Make visual survey of test area
• Consider safety issues
• Use cell phones
Run Model and Check Results
• Steady State Analysis
– Check fire flow results
– Pressure (5-10%) of relative pressure gradient
• Extended Period Analyses
– Check tank level predictions
– Trajectories (S residuals < 5%)
• Water Quality Analyses
– Check travel times
– Travel times (< 5-10%)
Steady State Marco Level Calibration
• If observed and predict results are significantly different (> 20%) examine:
– data collection errors
– closed or partially closed valves
– inaccurate pumps or PRVs
– incorrect pipe dimensions
– incorrect network geometry
– incorrect pressure zone boundaries
Sensitivity Analysis • Test various model parameters to assess
impact on calibration data:
– pipe roughness
– pumps
– tanks
– demands
• Efforts should be focused on those parameters
that have greatest impact
Run Model and Check Results
• Steady State Analysis
– Adjust pipe roughness, pump heads
• Extended Period Analyses
– Adjust demands, pump curves
• Water Quality Analyses
– Check for partially closed valves, effective pipe
diameters
57
229
230
231
Steady State Analysis
Pipe Break Analysis
Design
Guidance
Extended Period Analysis
Water Quality Analysis
Water Distribution System Model
Maps
Billing
Information
Production Information
KIA GIS
Data
KIA
DEM Data
Topologic Information
Elevation
Information
Nodal
Demands Computer
Algorithm
Model
Results
Historical
Records
User
Interface
KIA GIS
Data
Literature C Values
Pipe
Information
Pipe
Roughness
Operational
Policies
Model
Database
C‐Factor
Tests
Operational
Staff
SCADA
Manufacturer
Data
Component
Information
GFM Limitations
• Limited to small/medium systems (<2000 pipes)
• Only performs steady state analysis
• Constant pump inflow
• Non specific nodal demands
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations On‐Line
Water Quality Model On‐Line
Hydraulic Model
System Analytics
• Does not provide advanced features – Design guidance
– Extend period simulation
– Water quality analysis
– Sensor placement guidance
Operator Interface
Telemetry/Communication Systems
RTUs/PLCs
Integration
Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
Spatial Visualization Model
233
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
58
235
Water Quality Analysis
Water Quality Analysis
• KYPIPE provides a powerful interface to the EPANET program to perform water quality simulations on an existing hydraulic model.
• Through this EPANET interface it is possible to:
– Calculate chemical concentrations (e.g. chlorine)
– Calculate water age (residence time)
– Trace a chemical from a source
– Determine appropriate locations for water quality sensors
Calculating Chemical Concentrations *WQ Simulations are performed over an extended period of time, therefore ensure your system is set up for an EPS prior to the WQ analysis
1) Click the tab “Other Data”
2) Click the tab “Quality”
3) Select which quality parameter you would like to calculate
4) Fill in the required parameter tables
Calculating Chemical Concentrations Calculating Chemical Concentrations
View the maximum
chemical concentrations
at each node.
5) Click “Generate Tabulated Results”
6) Click “Run and Exit”
Click on any node to view
the concentration time
series data.
59
system at various time
Calculating Chemical Concentrations
Create contours showing
the chemical
concentrations in your
system at various time
steps.
Residence Time Calculations
Select “Age” in the
Quality Parameter
box. Input source
data and initial
conditions.
Residence Time Calculations
Click on storage tank
and view time series
plot to show the age
of water in the tank
at a given time.
Tracer Analysis
1) Select “Trace as the
Water Quality
Parameter
2) Fill in required
parameter tables and
initial conditions
Tracer Analysis Sensor Location Tool
Click on any
node in the
system
View the percent contribution
at that node at a given time
60
Press “SHIFT + F7”
Sensor Location Tool Sensor Location Tool
Press “Shift + F7”
Sensor Location Tool Sensor Location Tool
Sensor Location Tool Sensor Location Tool
2 sensors placed at optimal locations
61
Sensor Location Tool
Survey 5
254
Water Distribution System Operations Hierarchy
Real Time Operations
On‐Line Water Quality Model
On‐Line Hydraulic Model
Hardware/Software Integration System Analytics
Real Time Data Analytics and
Modeling
Operator Interface
Telemetry/Communication Systems
Integration
Off‐Line Water Quality Model
Off‐Line Hydraulic Model
RTUs/PLCs
Spatial Visualization Model
255
Hydraulic /Water Quality Sensors
Physical Data Collection
Hardware – Site Specific Software – Total System
• Introduction
• Project Resources
• Hardware Options
• Software Options
Outline
• Hardware/software integration
–Utility survey
–Data analytics
–Real time operation
257 258
62
259
260
The current situation:
Lots of models... and
lots of data...
Isolated from each other
What will real-time analytics look like
when I see it?
63
M
ak
in
1E:1ve5npt mDetected: 12:00pm
1U:1n5uspumally High Demand in Zone 6
1E:1ve5npt mDetected: 12:00pm
1U:1n5uspumally High Demand in Zone 6
Pipe Bre
6th & Ma
6th & Main
Demand ‐ Zone 6 Network ap... Demand ‐ Zone 6 Network Map...
1:15pm 1:15pm 2:30pm
1:16pm 4:00pm
Pipe Break
6th & Main
Pipe Break
6th & Main
Break
Isolated
Break
Isolated
HSP-2
Manual (on)
1:17pm
9:30pm
Pipe Break
6th & Main
Break
Isolated
HSP-2
Manual (on)
Service Restored,
HSP-2 Auto
Is this practical?
64
System Model
SCADA tags Model IDs
Configurator
Billing Analytics Engine
(Epanet-RTX)
SCADA historian infrastructure model
SCADA
Historian
SPARC System Performance and Reporting Console
Noisy Time Series Transformations
Smooth Time Series
System Model
Configurator
Billing Analytics Engine
(Epanet-RTX)
SCADA
Historian
SPARC System Performance and Reporting Console
Aiding Efficient System Operations
EPANET
RTX
65
279
Summary:
Real-time modeling tools are
available.
Analytics that derive value from
existing data sources should be
anticipated and expected
66
284
Notes
Survey 6
67