student name: period: use this as a pre-reading activity ... terms and poems 2015.pdfsoliloquy:...
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Student Name: __________________________ Period: _______
Use this as a Pre-reading Activity to our Poetry Unit. Please read the terms and highlight the ones that are familiar to you. I have given you the definition and an example of each term. Please find your own example of each term and then cite the source for each.
The Structure of Poetry
Stanza: Several lines of poetry grouped together, with white space above and below. The stanza is the basic unit of a poem, and is similar to a paragraph in fiction or a verse in a song.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Couplet: Two lines of poetry that stand alone or apart from the rest of the poem. Often these two lines will rhyme and have the same meter, but not always.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Soliloquy: Though used in prose occasionally, soliloquies are most often found in poetry. One character will speak aloud for a long period of time, describing his or her thoughts and feelings. A soliloquy is private, and not directed to another character. In Hamlet, the “To be or not to be” speech is a soliloquy.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Meter: The rhythmic structure of the poem—the way it sounds when read aloud. Certain syllables are stressed (emphasized) while others are left unstressed, which creates a certain rhythmic feel.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Iambic pentameter: A specific poetic meter. A line of iambic pentameter has exactly ten syllables, and the first syllable is unstressed. The line follows this pattern: unstressed, stressed, unstressed, stressed, etc. Here is an example by Shakespeare, with the stressed syllables in bold: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Types of Poetry
Free verse: This type of poetry is free-form, and doesn’t stick to a particular structure or rhythm. It does not have regular rhymes, and the lines may be of different lengths and have different patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Blank verse: Blank verse is a form of poetry that does not rhyme, but has a regular meter. Each line has the same (or close to the same) rhythm of stressed and unstressed syllables and words. A popular meter used in blank verse is iambic pentameter.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Narrative poem: This kind of poem tells a story, much like a novel does. Their structures vary greatly, but every narrative poem has to have some form of plot and characters. Often these poems are long, and the many possible varieties include epics and ballads.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Sonnet: A type of poem commonly written by Shakespeare and other English writers in the sixteenth century. It has a very strict 14-line structure. Each line must contain exactly ten syllables and be written in iambic pentameter. In a typical Shakespearian sonnet, the last couplet (two lines) of the poem rhymes.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Elegy: A poem with a very sad, melancholy mood. Often an elegy is written for someone who has recently died.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Poetic Techniques
Alliteration: A poem is using alliteration when several words that start with the same consonant are placed close together. For example: “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Onomatopoeia: A word that sounds like what it represents. Words for animal sounds, such as “meow” and “oink,” are onomatopoeias, as are words like “pop” and “click” that sound like the noise they are naming.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Consonance: Consonance is similar to alliteration, because it involves the same consonant being repeated several times close together. However, this time the consonant doesn’t have to always be at the beginning of the word. For example: “She sells seashells by the seashore.”
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Repetition: Often in poetry a word or phrase is repeated in order to emphasize a certain idea or image. Repetition may also help give structure to the poem, the same way the repeated chorus in a song gives it a predictable structure. “To be or not to be” repeats the phrase “to be” twice, giving it greater emphasis.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Imagery: Descriptive language that creates pictures in the reader’s mind is known as imagery. Certain words and comparisons are used to help the reader ‘see’ what’s going on and evoke a certain mood or emotion.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Personification: This is when an object or animal is given human qualities. The poem may describe an object as though it can think and feel, or describe an animal that can talk or think logically. In William Blake’s poem “Two Sunflowers,” he personifies the flowers when he writes: “‘Ah, William, we're weary of weather,’ said the sunflowers, shining with dew.”
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Rhymes
Internal rhyme: When two or more words in the same line of a poem rhyme, that line is said to have internal rhyme. For example, the first line of “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe reads, “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.” Dreary and weary rhyme, meaning this line of poetry has internal rhyme.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
End rhyme: This term can refer to two things: rhyming lines of poetry and rhyming words. When two or more lines of poetry end with a rhyming word which is considered an end rhyme. Also, two words that rhyme on their last syllable, such as “showers” and “flowers,” are said to have end rhyme.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
Source Cited: _______________________________________________________________________
Mrs. Honkala Language Arts 9 2015
Source Cited: http://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/65313-poetry-terms-made-easy/
Friends in the Klan
by Marilyn Nelson
1923
Black veterans of WWI experienced
such discrimination in Veterans' hospitals
that the Veterans' Administration, to save face, opened Tuskegee, a brand-new hospital for Negroes only. Under white control. (White nurses, who were legally excused
from touching blacks, stood holding their elbows
and ordering colored maids around, white shoes
tapping impatiently.)
The Professor joined
the protest. When the first black doctor arrived
to jubilation, the KKK uncoiled
its length and hissed. If you want to stay alive
be away Tuesday. Unsigned. But a familiar hand. The professor stayed. And he prayed for his friend in the Klan.
Themes, Issues, Concepts:
African American poet bullies
courage
history in poetry
contrast in poetry
racism
civil rights movement
Literary Terms
images
figurative language
metaphor structure
repetition
What is courage?
What is courage?
Must it be physical?
Who are two people (people you know, fictional characters, people from the news) who have courage?
Why do you think these people are courageous?
What qualities do these people show?
Person Courageous Qualities
Person Courageous Qualities
Write about the following
If you were going to write to George Washington Carver or to his friend in the Klan, what would you say? Make a list of questions you would ask each person. Or write one of them a letter.
Junkyards
Junkyards
by Julian Lee Rayford
You take any junkyard
and you will see it filled with
symbols of progress
remarkable things discarded
What civilization when ahead on
all its onward-impelling implements
are given over to the junkyards
to rust
The supreme implement, the wheel is conspicuous in the junkyards
The axles and the levers
the cogs and the flywheels
all the parts of dynamos
all the parts of motors
fall the parts of rusting.
Themes, Issues, Concepts:
What is "progress"?
recycling life cycles
archeology of junk
Literary Terms
structure
lament
Write about the following
Try writing about something you have either kept that you should have discarded or something you discarded you wish you had kept? Describe the object. What was you attachment to it? How did you finally come to make your decision about it?
Complete the following Time Capsule sheet.
What would you place in a Time Capsule? Why would you include this item?
Speak Up by Janet S. Wong
You're Korean, aren't you?
Yes. Why don't you speak Korean?
Just don't, I guess.
Say something Korean.
I don't speak it. I can't.
C'mon. Say something.
Halmoni. Grandmother. Haraboji. Grandfather.
Imo. Aunt.
Say some other stuff. Sounds funny. Sounds strange.
Hey, let's listen to you
for a change.
Listen to me?
Say some foreign words.
But I'm American, can't you see?
Your family came from somewhere else.
Sometime.
But I was born here. So was I.
Themes, Issues, Concepts:
Asian American poet being "American' tension in a poem
immigration
stereotypes
racism
Literary Terms:
tone
character poem in two voices
Answer the following question:
"Speak Up" poses an interesting question: just what does make someone an American? Is it something you can see? Is it about where you were born? Is it about where your ancestors came from? Is it about what you can contribute to your country?
Complete the following family tree chart
Complete the following about the Character in "Speak Up"
Character 1 Character2
Qualities Qualities
Evidence, Details Evidence, Details