structural steelwork fabrication and erection ts 2

7/28/2019 Structural Steelwork Fabrication and Erection Ts 2

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TS 2STRUCTURAL STEELWORK FABRICATION AND ERECTION

Doc Ref: CBH_DMS_PROD-#826850-v4-STRUCTURAL_STEELWORK_FABRICATION_AND_ERECTION_-_TS_21 of 21 REV C

CBH OPERATIONS PTY LTD40 Miguel Road

BIBRA LAKE WA 6163

Tel: (08) 9236 5350Fax: (08) 9236 5370

www.cbh.com.au

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TS 2 - STRUCTURAL STEELWORKFABRICATION AND ERECTION
http://www.cbh.com.au/http://www.cbh.com.au/http://www.cbh.com.au/


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DOCUMENT CONTROL

CHANGE CONTROL POLICY

Any amendment to this standard must be recorded in the table below.If substantial changes are made a new version of the document shall be created topreserve an audit trail.

REV DATEREVISED

AUTHOR DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT

A 15/07/2009 T. Tyler Reformatting,

B 20/07/2009 T. Tyler Previously TS 5 & 6

C 30/04/2010 T. Tyler Rebranding

TS 2 OWNER OPERATIONS AND ENGINEERINGMANAGER


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1.0 SCOPE

This specification establishes the principles to be followed in the design,fabrication and site erection of structural steelwork and the performancerequirements of all operations necessary to complete this work.

This specification is to be read in conjunction with the Scope of Works andGeneral Provisions as outlined in Exhibit C.

2.0 GOVERNING STANDARDS

2.1 General

Except where otherwise stated, the works shall be in accordance withthe current issue, including amendments of the relevant AustralianStandards. These should include, but not be limited to thoseidentified herein.

Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or thedetails on the drawings, work included in the specification shallconform to the applicable provisions of these publications.


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2.2 Standards

AS 1101 Graphical Symbols for General EngineeringAS 1111 ISO Metric Hexagon Commercial Bolts and ScrewsAS 1112 ISO Metric Hexagon Nuts, including thin Nuts, slotted

Nuts and WashersAS 1163 Structural Steel Hollow SectionsAS 1237 Flat metal washers for General Engineering purposesAS 1252 High Strength Steel Bolts with associated nuts and

washers for Structural Engineering (ISO series)AS 1393 Coach Screws with ISO Hexagon HeadsAS 1418 SAA Crane CodeAS 1538 SAA Cold-Formed Steel Structures CodeAS 1554 SAA Structural Steel Welding Code

AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of steel structures

AS/NZS 1554.2 Part 2 Stud welding (steel studs to steel)AS/NZS 1554.4 Part 4 Welding of high strength quenched andtempered steels

AS/NZS 1554.5 Part 5 Welding of steel structures subject to highlevels of fatigue loading

AS/NZS 1554.6 Welding stainless steels for structural purposesAS/NZS 1559 Hot dip galvanised steel bolts with associated nuts and

washers for tower constructionAS/NZS 1594 Hot-rolled steel flat productsAS/NZS 3678 Structural steel hot-rolled plates, floor plates and

slabsAS/NZS 3679 Structural steel

AS/NZS 3679 Part 1 Hot-rolled bars and sectionsAS/NZS 3679 Part 2 Welded l sections

AS 1650 Galvanised Coating of Ferrous ArticlesAS 1657 SAA Code for Fixing Platforms, Walkways, Stairs and

LaddersAS 2338 Preferred Dimensions of Wrought Metal Products

PlateAS 3774 SAA Loads on Bulk Solids ContainersAS 4100 SAA Steel Structures CodeAS B108 Black Cup and Countersunk Bolts, Nuts and Washers.AS Z5 Glossary of Metal Welding Terms and Definitions

Reference in this specification of specific clauses of the variouscodes is intended to highlight those points and shall not be taken toimply a lesser importance for all other applicable clauses or codes.


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2.3 Document Precedence

If conflicting requirements occur in the documents, the order ofprecedence shall be:

Australian Standards listed in the, Occupational health,Safety and welfare Regulations Schedule 1, with theamendments specified in this schedule.

The Contract Documents, namely the Scope of Work andDrawings followed by the Specifications.

Nominated and relevant Australian Standards.

Local, Australian and International codes and standards.

If the Contractor finds any conflicting requirements in the contract theContractor shall inform the Engineer before starting the work.

Where a situation arises which is not covered by the documents, theContractor shall adhere to internationally accepted design theengineering practices with regard to safety, material selection,constructability, operability and maintainability and as approved bythe Engineer.

2.4 Documentation by Contractor

The following documentation shall be forwarded to the Engineer:

Quality Control Manual

Inspection and test Plans

Welding Procedures

Material Certificates

Non-destructive Examination Records

Painting / galvanising Records

Dimensional Inspection Records

As-built Drawings / Sketches

Release Certificates

Bolt Torque Results if appropriate

Shop Drawings


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3.0 MATERIAL CERTIFICATION

All material for fabrication including bolts, nuts and washers shall be clearlystamped / marked with the manufacturers numbers and cross-referenced tothe certified material test report (CMTR) or certificate or compliance (COC).

CMTRs from the manufacturer shall show the heat / batch number andmechanical and chemical properties derived from testing of the steel.

Material received without certificates shall be quarantined, pending completionof the above.

3.1 Structural Steel

Structural steelwork for use in buildings, open type structures, bins,

or otherwise, shall be in accordance with Australian Standards.

3.2 Mill Test Certificate

Copies of all Mill Test Certificates covering the chemical and physicalproperties of the steel used in the work shall be furnished to theEngineer on request and records shall be kept for inspection.

3.3 Units of Measurement

The steelwork sections and holding down bolt diameters shall bemetric units.

3.4 Material Supply

All materials shall be of new and unused stock.

All steel shall be free from rust, pitting and other defects. All materialshall be thoroughly straightened in the shop without injury beforebeing worked in any way. Material that has been split or permanentlyinjured shall not be used.

3.5 Material Tests

The Engineer reserves the right to have the Contractor submit fortesting, as and when directed by the Engineer, test specimens of anymaterial or item supplied under this Contract and used, or intended tobe used in the structure.

Any material or item failing to meet the requirements specified for theappropriate test or failing to comply in any way with the specificationmay be rejected entirely or, alternatively, the Engineer may direct thatits use be confined to some particular part of the structure.


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In the event of the Engineer requiring a test specimen to be cut froma member already fabricated, and the test proving unsatisfactory, themember may be rejected altogether or repaired as directed by theEngineer at the Contractor's expense. Should the test provesatisfactory, all repairs to the member will be carried out at thePrincipal's expense.

Should any test specimen fail to meet the required specification theentire cost of preparing the test specimen and carrying out the testshall be borne by the Contractor.

All check analysis and mechanical tests shall be carried out inAustralia in a laboratory approved by the Engineer and registeredwith the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.

4.0 MARKING OF FABRICATED STEEL

All marking of steelwork shall comply with the following requirements andshall be subject to the agreement of the Engineer.

Each piece of steel work shall be distinctly marked by hand stampingand shall include orientation marks for ease of erection. Mark numbershall not be placed on the bottom of baseplates or anywhere on thesteelwork where they will be hidden after erection.

The hard stamped mark shall be colour coded by placing a stripe of

paint approximately 25 to 30 mm wide through the mark number.Another similar stripe shall be placed on the adjacent surface. Thetype of paint used shall be compatible with the final coat applied.Marking shall remain clear and legible for a minimum of 12 monthswhen exposed to the weather.

Small loose pieces shall be securely bagged or bundled and clearlymarked for identification. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be inseparated containers and each container shall be clearly marked for,size, type and quantity.

5.0 MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION

The full mark as given on the drawings shall be hardstamped in letters of15 mm size.


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6.0 SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIALS SPECIFIED

Steel conforming to other than the nominated standards may be used,providing that the design requirements are shown to be satisfied and theEngineers agreement is obtained prior to the commencement of fabrication.

Steel supplied in accordance with the nominated standards, but havingsections and sizes greater in dimensions and relevant properties superior tothose shown on the drawings, may be used if the Engineers agreement isobtained in each case.

All material shall be new. No second-hand materials shall be incorporated inthe works.

7.0 COMPRESSION JOINTS

Connection of members depending on contact bearing (i.e. columns to baseplate) shall have their contact surfaces prepared for direct bearing stress.

8.0 FABRICATION

8.1 General

All fabrication shall be carried out in a workmanlike manner generallyin accordance with the applicable clauses in AS 4100.

8.2 Cutting and Bending

Plates, members, brackets and other steel work shall be cut and bentin compliance with the following:

Any plates thicker than 16 mm shall not be sheared unlessotherwise approved by the Engineer.

The ends of tubular and hollow sections shall be profiled to fitthe shape of the members to which they connect, and shall notbe sheared or flattened unless otherwise shown on the designdrawings or agreed by the Engineer.

Procedures for bending of materials shall be subject toapproval by the Engineer. Normal strength steels up to grade300MPa may under careful supervision be bent by limitedheating to a temperature not higher than that required toproduce a deep cheery red colour, and allowed to cool slowly.Higher strength steels shall not be heated without first obtainingthe recommendations of the steel Manufacturer and the prioragreement of the Engineer.


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8.3 Punching and Drilling of Bolt Holes

Punched holes shall not be made in material greater than20 mm thick.

Oversized and slotted holes for high strength bolts will not bepermitted unless shown on the design drawings or otherwiseagreed by the Engineer.

8.4 Machined Surfaces

Where specified or shown on the design drawings, the contactbearing faces of adjoining members and plates shall bemachined in accordance with Clause 14.4.4 of AS 4100.

Rockers, rollers or hinge gearing sets shall be machined tothe radii shown on the design drawings, with the axis ofrotation at right angles to the direction of the motion of thestructural members which they support. Machining tolerancesshall be as shown on the design drawings.

8.5 Camber

Trusses, beams and plate girders having spans greater than 12 mshall be fabricated with cambers of five (5 mm) millimetres under theself-weight, unless noted otherwise on the design drawings.

8.6 Splicing in Members

All structural members shall be single lengths, except wheresplices are shown on the design drawings, or where theEngineer has given prior written approval.

For additional splices, the Contractor must demonstrate theneed and provide calculations for the review of the Engineerprior to fabrication. Splices must be designed to develop the fullsplices member strength.

Where shown on the design drawings, column ends with fullbearing splices shall be machined in accordance with Clause14.4.4.2 of AS 4100.


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8.7 Boxed Members

Abutting edges shall be connected and sealed with acontinuous weld.

Weld reinforcement ground flush only where shown on thedrawings.

Stiffeners and other details that will be enclosed within the boxmember shall be subject to inspection by the Engineer beforethe closure plates are welded into place.

Where steelwork is required to be galvanized, holes shall beprovided in boxed members to prevent distortion andexplosions during the galvanizing process.

8.8 Connections

In general, shop connections shall be welded and field connectionsshall be bolted, unless otherwise shown on the drawings. All boltingand welding shall conform to AS 4100 Steel structures and thespecification.

Bolted Connections

All bolts, nuts and washers shall be galvanised. Structuralconnections shall have a minimum of two (2) bolts.

Bolting procedure shall be 8.8/TB unless noted otherwise onthe drawings. All high strength bolts shall be installed inaccordance with AS 4100.

The Contractor shall supply bolts, nuts and washers of eachtype, size and length for both shop and field connections arerequired for erection and extra amounts of field bolts, nuts andwashers as follows;

a) 5% extra for each bolt type for the first 1000 required.3% extra for each bolt type for the remainder required inexcess of 1000.

b) Structural bolts that have been fully tensioned (8.8/TBand 8.8/TF) shall be replaced if they are undone andwould need to be retightened.


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8.9 Shop Errors

Fabrication errors or potential errors resulting from incorrectly detailedcomponents are to be reported immediately to the Engineer. TheEngineer will consider the action required for correction or modificationof the work.

Should corrections be necessary, written instructions will be given tothe Contractors to carry out such work to the account of theresponsible party.

Should fabrication errors be found during erection, the Contractor willbe advised and repairs and/or modifications as considered necessaryby the Engineer will be the account of the Contractor.

8.10 Inspection During Fabrication

During fabrication the Contractor shall permit the Engineer or thenominated representative free access to the Fabricators Works at allreasonable times for the purpose of carrying out inspections. Unitsshall be laid out and fabricated as necessary so that all parts areaccessible for final inspection before transportation to the site.

Where steel has been inspected by the Engineer at the shop, beforebeing delivered to the site, such inspection shall not relieve theContractor of the responsibility for the correctness of the fabricatedsteel.

8.11 Material

All material shall meet the requirements of AS4100 StructuralSteel Clause 2.2.

Steel bolts, nuts and washers shall be to the requirements ofClause 2.3, and the steel castings to the requirements ofClause 2.4.

Crain rail steel shall be to the requirements of AS1085 andBHP Standards.

8.12 Surface Preparation of Steel and Components

All surfaces to be welded shall be clean and free from paint, oil, debris,scale, oxides and other foreign material detrimental to welding, for adistance of at least 25 mm from joint preparation.


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8.13 Welding

All welding shall conform to the requirements of AS/NZS1554as appropriate.

Welding of steel studs to structural steel shall be detailed inAS/NZS1554.2.

All welding shall be general purpose (GP) unless notedotherwise on the drawings. Where welding is required that doesnot conform to the above codes, the necessary procedures andinstructions shall be indicated on the Engineers drawings.

All welds shall be made with the appropriate grade of electrodesuitable for the type of steel being welded. Welds shall be

thoroughly chipped to remove slag and shall be the full sizespecified and/or as shown on approved drawings.

Unless otherwise shown, all fillet welds shall be continuouswelds. Intermittent welds will not be permitted where membersare exposed to weather or corrosive atmosphere unless thespaces between are continuously seal welded.

Unless otherwise shown, all butt welds shall be completepenetration butt welds and where possible, shall be double Vbutt welds except that in the case of butt welds in plate 40 mmand more in thickness shall be made with low hydrogen

electrodes. Over reinforcement of butt welds and pronouncedbumps shall be ground off. Subject to the Engineers approval.Beams, flange plates, web plates and cord members of longtrusses may be butt welded in the shop to form any longlengths required provided that such splices do not come withinthe middle third of the member, in the case of compoundmembers, the splices in the individual units shall be staggeredby not less than 600 mm. all butt welds in tubular and boxedmembers shall be backed by suitable mild steel backing ringsor plates.

To enable complete assemblies to be erected, site welding ofindividual members attached to main shop fabricated piecesshall be permitted as indicated on the Engineers andfabrication drawings. The individual members shall be weldedto their main components at ground level.

Adequate mobile welding facilities shall be provided for thisoperation.

When the occasion arises due to discrepancy, inaccuracy orother reasons, site welding may be used. All relevant detailsand procedures must be approved by the Engineer before site

welding can commence.


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Fabrication drawings of welded connections shall specify as aminimum:

a) Relevant design standardsb) Specification grade of parent weld/electrode materialc) Location, type, size of weld and effective lengthsd) Weld category GP or SPe) Details of non-standard weldsf) NDT (non destructive testing) requirements

Qualification of welding procedures and personnel shall becarried out as detailed in AS/NZS 1554.

Weld procedures shall be approved and personnel shall bequalified prior to commencing welding on structural steel or

components.

Documentary evidence of personnel qualifications shall besubmitted to the Engineer for review prior to fabrication.

9.0 SHOP ASSEMBLY

Sections of the fabricated steelwork shall be shop assembled when specifiedon the drawings. During shop assembly, drifting of misaligned holes shall notbe permitted. Misaligned holes shall be drilled and reamed to a larger size andlarger bolts fitted, subject to the agreement of the Engineer.


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10.0 PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS, STAIRWAYS AND LADDERS

The platforms, stairways and ladders and associated attachments shallconform to:

AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways and ladders design,construction and installation and the following requirements.

10.1 General

All decking shall be firmly fixed to the supporting steelwork.

Shop fixings shall be welded and field connections shall be boltedunless otherwise shown on the drawings.

Bolts or other fixings on the surfaces of platforms, landings andwalkways shall be countersunk flush with the surfaces.

10.2 Guard Rails

The dimensions of components used for guard railing shall be asshown on the drawings or on the recommendations of AS 1657 whennot shown on the drawings.

The top rail of all railing shall present no obstruction that may break orprevent a handhold.

All welds shall be continuous and ground smooth.

10.3 Floor Grating

Floor gratings shall be as specified on the approved drawings.

Gratings shall be furnished to be continuous over two spans, or morewhere practicable. Grating panels shall be banded. Longitudinal andcross bars in adjacent sections shall be in line when erected end toend.

Where removable grating is required, the maximum grating panel shall

be normally 1500 mm x 1200 mm wide.

10.4 Raised Angular Pattern Floor Plates

Floorplates shall be skid resistant BHP raised pattern (or equal) Grade250 steel plates to AS 3678, not less than 6 mm thick welded or boltedto the supporting steel as noted on the design drawings. Floorplateshall be fabricated with lengths to be continuous over two spans ormore with practical, smooth cut to the dimensions indicated on thedesign drawings.


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When removable froorplate is required, holes in the supporting steelshall be drilled in the field after erection, using the shop drilled,countersunk holes in the floorplate as a template to ensure a proper fit.A minimum of four (4) bolts per piece shall be provided. Two (2) liftingholes shall also be provided in each removable floorplate.

11.0 TOLERANCES

Tolerances for shop fabricated steel and field erected steel shall comply withthe relevant requirements of AS 4100, unless specified otherwise on thedesign drawings or as specified below.

The deviation in plan position of a column shall not exceed 5 mm from itsspecified position at any point. The base of a column shall be within 5 mm of

its correct level and the top of the column shall be within 3 mm of its correctlevel.

The deviation in level of a beam or a girder shall not exceed 5 mm from itsspecified level.

Tolerances for overhead crane rails shall comply with the relevantrequirements of AS 1418.1, Section 7 in addition to the following:

The centre to the centre distance between the two crane railsshall not deviate from the spacing specified on the drawings bymore than 3 mm.

The plan position of each crane rail shall not deviate by morethan 3 mm from the specified position shown on the drawings.

The level of the top of the rail in an unloaded condition shall notdeviate from the elevation shown on the drawing s by morethan 3 mm.

The horizontal alignment of each rail end at joints shall notdeviate by more than 2 mm. the top face of each rail end atjoints shall be flush.

12.0 ENCASED STEELWORK

Steelwork shall be encased in concrete as detailed on the approval drawingsand shall comply with the following requirements:

Steelwork shall not be encased or built in until all connectionsand surface preparations have been reviewed and approved bythe Engineer.

Welding of reinforcing steel / anchors shall be carried out as

detailed in AS/NZS 1554, Part 3, Welding of Reinforcing Steel.

Concrete shall be Grade 32 MPa with a maximum aggregatesize of 10 mm, unless specified otherwise on the drawing.


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13.0 INSPECTION

Welding of shop fabricated structural steel and field welding shall be subjectedto Non Destructive Tests (NDT) as follows:

Visual inspection of 100% of all welds shall be performed.

Fillet welds, 5% by Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI).

Full and partial penetration butt welds, 10% by radiography.

Levels of inspection shall be increased in the event that the defectsexceed the level as given in Tables 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 of AS/NZS 1554.1.

14.0 PAINTING AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS

Corrosion protection of steel and components shall be carried out asdescribed in Standard Specification TS 4 - Painting and Protective Coatingsor as nominated on the drawings.

During site handling, storage and erection the Contractor shall take allnecessary precautions to prevent damage to the protected steelworksurfaces.

All painted and protective coating to the steelwork damaged by theContractor during erection shall be cleared, prepared and restored in

accordance with the standard specification above.

The Engineer reserves the right to inspect all fabricated structural steel (shopand field) prior to application of protective coatings

The Contractor shall give the Engineer three (3) working days written noticeof intension to proceed with the application of the coatings to any steelwork.


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15.0 HANDLING, TRANSPORTING AND STORAGE

Handling of structural steelwork by the Contractor during all phases offabrication and erection shall comply with the following requirements:

Steelwork shall be handled and stored by methods and equipment thatwill not result in overstress, deformation or damage to protectivecoatings. Members shall not be stored directly in contact with theground.

Members bent or buckled by the Contractor during handling shall beliable to rejection. Any steelwork that is deformed as a result ofhandling, storing and transporting and which prevents the properassembling and fitting up of parts shall be replaced or corrected by theContractor. The method of correction shall be subject to the agreement

of the Engineer. Damage to paintwork during handling and erectionshall be repaired in accordance with Standard Specification TS 4.

Bolts, nuts and washers shall be stored in grit free containers, inweatherproof premises. Loose pieces for connections shall be attachedto their respective members and clearly marked for identification.

During site handling, storage and erection, the Contractor shall take allnecessary precautions to prevent damage to painted or other protectedsteelwork surfaces.

All protected steelwork damaged by the Contractor during handling and

erection shall be cleaned, prepared and restored in accordance withStandard Specification TS 2.


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16.0 HANDLING AND ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

Handling and erection of steelwork shall comply with Section 15 of AS 4100and the following requirements.

The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for agreement, details ofthe equipment and methods proposed for use in the erection of thesteelwork. All erection gear and equipment shall be of adequatestrength and comply with all applicable Statutory Acts and Regulations.The agreement of the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor ofresponsibility for the adequacy and safety of the work during erection.

During erection, the work shall at all times be securely bolted, guyed orbraced. The Contractor shall ensure the stability of the structure at allstages or erection and shall supply the necessary temporary bracing.

At the request of the Engineer the Contractor shall submit certifiedengineering computations for stability of the structure.

Prior to erection of steelwork, concrete surfaces shall be prepared andlevelling plates or shims set in place. All shims and plates shall begalvanised.

All erection bolts used in welded construction may be tightenedsecurely and left in place or removed and the holes filled with weldmetal and ground flush. Permanent welding shall not be undertakenuntil correct alignment, plumbing and levelling has been completed andapproved by the Engineer.

Drift punching to match misaligned holes will not be permitted.Misaligned holes shall be drilled and reamed to a larger size and largebolts fitted or corrected by other means to the agreement of theEngineer.

All bolting carried out by the Contractor shall comply with the followingrequirements:

a. Bolts shall be assembled with washers under the part to beturned and shall conform to the requirements of AS 4100.

b. High strength bolts shall be tightened in accordance withAS 4100.

c. Load indicating and other types of bolts designed forspecial tightening procedures shall only be installed whereshown on the drawings or with the agreement of theEngineer.


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17.0 GROUTING

17.1 General

Grouting for base plates shall be of two (2) types, flowable non-shrinkand dry pack mortar and shall be indicated on the design drawing.

17.2 Flowable Non-Shrink Grout

Epirez 5137 Epoxy grout or equivalent approved flowable non-shrinkgrout shall be mixed and placed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions in the locations shown on the drawings.

17.3 Non-Shrink Grout (Structural)

The acceptable grout shall be an approved proprietary brand. Groutshall as dry as practicable for the purpose.

The grout shall be rammed under the full area of the baseplate, eitherby ramming from the opposite sides simultaneously or rammingagainst a fixed form. The edges of the grout shall be neatly tapered at45 from the baseplate edge to the concrete foundation.


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SITE MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

17.1 General

No modification that is liable to effect the strength of a structuralmember, the efficiency of a joint, or the integrity of a structure shall bemade without the prior approval of the Engineer. Such field fabricationand sub-assembly as may be necessary shall conform with therequirements of the specifications.

17.2 Modifications and Corrections

Procedures and method shall be submitted to and approved by theEngineer.

17.2.1 Cutting

Site cutting shall be wherever possible by a mechanicalprocess. Where flame cutting is necessary, an allowance shallbe left for grinding of ragged edges to ensure a smooth finish.

17.2.2 Holding

Holes for bolts shall be drilled. Burning of such holes will not bepermitted. Correction of misaligned holes may be achieved byreaming or, subject to the approval of the Engineer, by fillingbadly misaligned holes with weld metal, grinding flush and

redrilling correctly.

17.2.3 Repositioning

Where welded fitments need positioning, the existing weld shallbe removed, where possible, by chipping, grinding or gouging.Where the fitment has been removed, the affected area shallbe ground smooth. Fitments shall be removed using the sameattachment as specified on the approved detail drawings.

17.2.4 Finishing

Wherever remedial work has been carried out, the affectedarea shall be cleaned, burrs, slag and weld spatter removedand the paintwork made good in accordance with StandardSpecification TS 4.