STONE MASONARY

In brief-•Stone is the natural material, used in building construction.•The stones are used as they are received from the quarry. •The common materials of masonry construction are brick, stone• Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. •The stones are not in same height.• They are leveled at every 300 to 500mm. height. •Stone chips and spalls are used to fill the empty spaces.•The joints are about 12mm.•Though stones are used to full width of the wall if the width of the wall is less than 600 mm, for width more than 600mm 2 stones of lap joint is used. •This masonry is used for the construction of godowns, labour quarters, compound walls.

•Tools Used-1. Trowels                             2. Plumb Bob                        3. Thread4. Pans 5. Shovel6. Baskets

Dress the stones with hammer

Place the corner stone

Check the plumb at corner stone

Tie the thread

Place the stones along the thread

Lay the next layer by breaking the joints

Fill mortar in the vertical joints

Place wedge shaped stones

•Types of stone masonary –

• Rubble masonary- 1. Random rubble masonary. 2. Un coursed rubble masonary . 3. Coursed rubble masonary. 4. Dry masonary.• Polygonal masonary.• Ashlar masonary.

•Rubble masonary- In the rubble masonary the blocks of stones used are either undress or comparatively roughly dress. This masonary has wide joints. Since, stones are irregular sizes.

•Random rubble masonary-

•This is the roughest and cheapest type of masonary.• In this type of masonary the stones used are of different sizes, since the stones are of irregular sizes.• a great care should be taken in arranging them so that long continuous vertical joints are formed.

•Un coursed random rubble masonry: •The random rubble masonry in which stones are laid without forming courses is known as un coursed random rubble masonry.• This is the roughest and cheapest type of masonry and is of varying appearance. •The stones used in this masonry are of different sizes and shapes. •before lying, all projecting corners of stones are slightly knocked off. •Vertical joints are not plumbed, joints are filled and flushed.• Large stones are used at corners and at jambs to increase their strength. Once "through stone" is used for every square meter of the face area for joining faces and backing.• Suitability: Used for construction of walls of low height in case of ordinary buildings.

•Un coursed random rubble masonry:

•Coursed random rubble masonry:

•The random rubble masonry in which stones are laid in layers of equal height is called random rubble masonry. •In this masonry, the stones are laid in somewhat level courses. •Headers of one coursed height are placed at certain intervals. •The stones are hammer dressed. •Suitability: Used for construction of residential buildings, go downs, boundary walls etc.

•Coursed random rubble masonry:

•Dry rubble masonary-

• The construction of this wall is similar to that of ordinary rubble masonary without masonary.

•Polygonal rubble masonary-

•In this type the stones are hammer finish on face to add irregular polygonal shape.•This stones are placed in position to show face joints running irregularly in all direction.

•Ashlar masonary-

•In this type the stones are accurately dress.•They are either square or rectangular in shape.•The ht. of stone is from 25 cm. to 30 cm.•Generally the ht. of stone in each course is kept same but it is not compulsory to keep all the course of same height.