sterilization and disinfection. antisepsis. antiseptic agents and fabrics. vinnitsa national pirogov...
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Sterilization and Disinfection. Antisepsis. Antiseptic agents
and fabrics.
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University/ Department of microbiology
Methods of asepsis-mechanical cleaning
-chemical treatment
-sterilization
-disinfection
-antisepsis
-hermetic closing
-isolation
Measures of asepsis
Sterilization
Disinfection
Physical methods
High temperature actionDry heatMoist heatFlamingBoilingPasteurization
Physical and other methods
Radiation action (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation )
Ultrasonic and sonic vibration
Mechanical methods
Chemical methods
Heat sterilization
The factors influencing sterilization by heat are:
1. Nature of heat (dry heat or moist heat)
2. Temperature and time3. Number of microorganisms
present, their characteristics (species, ability to form spores)
4. Type of material from which organisms have to be eradicated
Dry heat sterilization
Hot air oven 1600C to 1700C for 2 to 3 hours
Flaming
Incineration
Moist heat sterilization
Steam under pressure (autoclaving)
Steam at atmospheric pressure (1000C)
Tyndallization or fractional steam sterilization
Methods of heat decontamination
Boiling
Pasteurization
Gas sterilization
Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde gas
Betapropionlactone (BPL)
Methods of disinfection The chemicals (disinfectants) are more
often used for treatment articles, surfaces, contaminated instruments and clothes
Requirements to ideal disinfectant are: Must be effective against a wide variety of
infectious agents Should not be toxic to human Should be odorless, stable upon storage, and
soluble in water and lipids Should not be corrosive for common materials Should be relatively inexpensive
Determination of disinfectant
effectiveness
Phenol coefficient test Measurement of killing rates
with germicides Use dilution testing In-use testing
Antisepsis
Antisepsis is the prevention of infection or sepsis by removing or decreasing bacteria on the skin and mucous membranes
Antiseptics are chemical antimicrobial agents which are applied to tissue to prevent infection
Antiseptic fabrics are the sutures, dressing materials and polymer items which are compose with antiseptics
Classification of the disinfectants and
antiseptics
Surface-active agents (cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphotheric)
Halogens (iodine and chlorine) Oxidizing agents Aldehydes Phenolics Alcohols Dyes Heavy metal salts Acids
Mechanisms of disinfectant action
Denaturion of proteins and microbial enzymes
Disruption of cell membranes Oxidizing of cellular components
Disinfectant effectiveness depends on
Concentration Exposition Temperature Presence of organic materials
Antiseptics containing decamethoxine
Decasan (0,02% isotonic solution) Palisan Horosten (hygienic antiseptic) Palisept (ointment) Antifungin Аmosept (film-forming antiseptic) Aspersept (powder) Aurisan, otosan (ear drops) Oftadec (eye drops) Septefril (oral antiseptic in tablets) Rinosept (nasal drops) Deseptol (vaginal suppository)