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Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University

Biological and General Chemistry Department

Medical chemistry course

CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY

Vinnytsia 2017

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A work sheet and methodical developments (Мethodical of recommendation for practical classes

from Bioorganic chemistry for 1-st year foreign students) are made by the employees of department of

biological and general chemistry of VNMMU Pirogov in accordance with a curriculum, worked out on

principles of the European credit-transfer system (ЕСТS) for higher medical establishments of Ukraine III

- IV levels of accreditation for specialities of “Medical Affairs” direction of the preparation “Medicine” is

in accordance with education qualification descriptions (EQD) and scientific profesional programs (SPP)

of the preparation of specialists, approved by an order MES Ukraine from 16.04.03 № 239.

It is considered and accepted on а meeting of the methodical soviet of medical-theoretical disciplines,

protocol № 1 from 30.08.2017у.

It is discussed and approved on a meeting of the department of biological and general chemistry,

protocol № 1 from 28.08.2017у.

Authors:

doc. Chervyak М.М.

doc. Smirnova О.V.

doc. Melnik А.V.

as. Shunkov V.S.

Reviewer:

Mikhailova I.V. — Candidate of chemical science, assistant professor

Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry VNMMU Pirogov

Marchak T.V. — Candidate of chemical science, assistant professor

Department of Physiological Agriculture and Live Stock Breeding and Chemistry VNAU

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CHEMISTRY DICTIONARY

Alkanes Radicals

Name Formula Name Formula

Methane Methyl Ethane Ethyl

Propane

Propyl

Isopropyl

Butane

Butyl

Secondary

butyl

Isobutane

(2 – Methyl –

propane)

Isobutyl

Tertiary butyl

Pentane

Pentyl

Secondary

pentyl

Isopentane

(2 – Methylbutane)

Isopentyl

Tertiarypentyl

2,2 – dimethyl –

propane

Halogenoalkanes

Chloromethane

Trichloromethane (chloroform)

Carbon tetrachloride

4

Triiodide (iodoform)

Chloroethane

Chloropropane

2 – Chloropropane

Chlorobutane

2 – Chlorobutane

Alkenes

Ethene

Propene

Butene –1

Butene – 2

Pentene – 1

Pentene – 2

Arenes

(Benzene and its derivatives)

Benzene

Phenyl

Toluene

Benzyl

5

Xylene:

o – xylene

(o – dimethylbenzene)

m – xylene

(m – dimethylbenzene)

p – xylene

(p – dimethylbenzene)

Ethylbenzene

Іsopropylbenzene (cumene)

Sterol (vinyl benzene)

Benzyl alcohol

Benzaldehyde

Benzoic acid

6

Paraoxybenzoic acid

Para–aminobenzoic acid

Aniline (aminobenzene)

Para–Methylaniline

Benzylamine

Salicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid

Phenol

Ortho–dioxybenzene (pirokatekhin )

7

Meta–dioxybenzene (resorcin)

Para–dioxybenzene (hydroquinone)

Cresol:

ortho – cresol

(ortho – methylphenol)

meta – cresol

(meta – methylphenol)

para – cresol

(para – methylphenol )

Para – nitrophenol

Alcohols (R–О– alkoxy group)

Methanol Methoxy Ethanol

Ethoxy

Propanol

Isopropanol

8

Butanol

Secondary butanol

Isobutanol

Tributanol

Cyclohexanol

Vinyl alcohol

Polyatomic alcohols

Ethylene glycol (ethandiol)

Glycerol (propantriol)

Xylitol

Sorbitol

Ester (ethers)

Dimethyl ether

Diethyl ether

(medical ether)

Phenyl ethyl ether

Amines

Metylamine

Ethylamine

Propylamine

9

Іsоpropylamine

(2 – аminоpropane)

Butylamine

Secondary – butylamine

Primary amine (metylamine)

Secondary –amine (dimetylamine)

Tertiary amine (trimetylamine)

Quaternary basis

Biogenic amines

Calamine (ethanolamine)

Histamine

Tryptamine

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Adrenaline

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Choline

Acetylcholine

Putrescine

Cadaverine

Thiols (mercaptans)

Methanethiol (mercaptomethane)

Еthanethiol

Propanethiol

Іsopropanethiol

Dimethyl sulfide

Thiophenol

Aldehydes

Methanal (formaldehyde, formic)

Ethanal (acetaldehyde, acetic)

Trichloracetic aldehyde

Propanal (propionic)

Butanal (oil)

Ketones

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Acetone (dimethylketone)

Methylethylketone

Phenylethylketone (propiophenone)

Carbonic acid

Formate (methanoic, formic)

Acetate (ethanoic, acetic)

Propionate (propanoic)

Butyrate (butanoic, oil)

Dicarboxylic acids

Oxalate (sorrel)

Malonate (malonic)

Succinate (amber, butanedioic acid)

Glucarate (glutaric)

Oxyacids

Lactate (milk,

2 – oxypropane)

β – Oxybutyrate

(β – hydroxybutyric,

3 – oxobutanoate)

Malate

(apple, 2 – oxybutanedioic)

12

Citrate (lemon acid)

Tartare (wine acid)

Oxoacids

Pyruvate (PA, pyruvic, 2 – oxopropane)

Acetoacetate (3 – oxobutanoate)

Oxaloacetate (2 – oxobutandioic)

α – Ketoglutarate

(α – ketoglutaric,

2 – oxopentadioic)

Unsaturated carboxylic acid

Acrylate

(acrylic, 2 – propenoic)

Crotonic (2 – butenoic)

Anhydrides

Formic

Acetic

Halogenanhydrides

Methyl chloride

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Acetyl chloride

Benzoyl chloride

Amides, nitriles

Acetamide

Benzamide

Acetonitrile

Benzоnitrile

Esther

Methyl formate (methyl methanoate)

Ethyl formate

Methyl acetate

Ethyl acetate

Methyl benzoate

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Lipids

Higher fatty acids

Palmitic

C15H31COOH

Stearic

С17H35COOH

Oleic

C17H33COOH

Linoleic

C17H31COOH

Linolenic

C17H29COOH

Arachidonic

C19H31COOH

Oleic

C17H33COOH

Triacylglycerides

(tristearine)

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Phosphatidic acid

Phosphoglyceride

(phosphatidylcholine)

Amino acids

Monoaminomonocarboxylic acid

Glycine (Gly)

Alanine (Ala)

Valine* (Val)

Leucine* (Leu)

Isoleucine* (ile)

Monoaminodicarboxylic acid

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Aspartic (Asp)

(aspartate)

Glutamic acid (Glu)

Asparagine (Asn)

Glutamine (Gln)

Diaminomonocarboxylic acid

Lysine*(Lys)

Arginine (Arg)

Oxyamino acid

Serine*(Ser)

Threonine (Thr)

Sulfur-containing amino acids

Cysteine (Cys)

Methionine*(Met)

Aromatic amino acids

Phenylalanine*(Phe)

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Tyrosine (Tyr)

Heterocyclic amino acids

Tryptophan*(Trp)

Histidine (His)

Proline (Pro)

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Glucose

Galactose

Mannose

Fructose

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Ribose

Deoxyribose

Xylose

Glucose - 6 phosphate

Glucosamine

Disaccharides

Sucrose

Lactose

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Maltose

Cellobiose

Nitrogenous base

Pyrimidine line

Uracil

Thymine

Cytosine

Purine line

Adenine

Guanine