MODULE 6STAGES OF COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

BASIC COGNITIVE CONCEPTS

SCHEMA-it is an individuals way to understand or create meaning about a thing or experience.

ASSIMILATION-this is the process of fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or schema.

ACCOMMODATION-this is a process of creating a new schema.

•EQUILIBRIUM-is achieving proper balance between

assimilation and accommodation.

COGNITIVE DISEQUILIBRIUM- there is discrepancy between what is

perceived and what is understood.

PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

•STAGE 1SENSORY-MOTOR STAGE

-corresponds from birth to infancy.OBJECT PERMANENCE

-is the ability of the child to know that an object exists even when out of sight.

•STAGE 2PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE

- covers from about two to seven years old, roughly corresponding to the pre-school years.

-intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature.SYMBOLIC FUNCTION

- the ability to represent objects and events.

- gradually develops in the period between 2 to 7 years.

ECOGENTRISM- is the tendency of the child to only

see his point of view and to assume that everyone has his same point of view.

CENTRATION- the tendency of a child to only

focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects.

IRREVERSIBILITY- pre-operational children still have

the inability to reverse their thinking.ANIMISM

- the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.

TRANSDUCTIVE REASONING- pre-operational child’s type of

reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.If A cause B, then B causes A.

• STAGE 3CONCRETE-OPERATIONAL STAGE

- is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only in terms of concrete objects. This covers approximately the ages between 8-11 years.

DECENTERING- refers to the ability of the child to

perceive the diff. features of objects and situations

REVERSIBILITY- the child can now follow that

certain operations can be done in reverse.

CONSERVATION- the ability to know that certain

properties of objects like numbers, mass, volume, or area do not change even if there is a change in appearance.

SERIATION- refers to the ability to order or

arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.

•STAGE 4FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

- the final stage of formal operations covering ages between 12 and 15 years, thinking becomes more logical.

HYPOTHETICAL REASONING- is the ability to come up with

different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weigh data in order to make a final decision or judgement.

ANALOGICAL REASONING- is the ability to perceive the

relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar situation or problem.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING - is the ability to think logically by

applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.