cognitive development. agenda responsive caregiving piaget’s stages of cognitive development...
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Agenda
Responsive Caregiving
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Exploration and Discovery
Problem Solving
Memory
Information Processing
Imitation and Make Believe
Inclusion
Objectives
Describe Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
Create a list of 4-5 engaging materials to promote exploration for non-mobile infants
Develop an open-ended activity to promote problem-solving skills
List 3-4 ways to promote and support pretend play
Create an inclusion strategy based on a scenario
Responsive Caregiving
Respond appropriately
Child receives the response
and needs are met
Observe the child’s needs
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Age Developmental Stage
Birth – 2 Years Sensorimotor
2-7 Years Preoperational
Early cognitive development is based on actions, which lead to processes, which lead to changes in mental operations, the way we think.
Exploration and Discovery
Indicators:
• Pays attention and exhibits curiosity in people and objects
• Uses senses to explore people, objects, and the environment
• Shows interest in colors, shapes, patterns, and pictures
• Makes things happen and watches for results and repeats actions
Object Permanence
Before Object Permanence
• An object is forgotten when it is hidden
• Reappearance causes surprise
After Object Permanence
• Infant seeks out the hidden object
Exploration and Discovery
0-8 Months
• Reach to touch objects
• Put objects in their mouth to touch and taste
• Turn toys over and over to explore, bang toys
• Hit or kick toys to make them move, over and over
Exploration and Discovery
8-18 Months
• Look at books
• Enjoy toys/objects that make sounds, such as drums or bells
• Look closely at small objects, examining the detail
• Stack blocks or objects
• Manipulate toys or objects repeatedly
Exploration and Discovery
18-36 Months
• Express interest in animals and insects
• Examine rocks, sticks, and outdoor objects
• Pour, scoop, and explore sand and water
• Match colors and shapes, sort like objects
• Push/pull riding toys
Exploration and Discovery
36-48 Months
• Talk about and ask about objects in nature
• Notice and discuss changes in weather
• Name colors and shapes
• Copy simple patterns
• Experiment with different objects during play to compare their effects
• Repeat actions to improve results
Caregiver Responses
• Provide an enriched environment with a variety of objects to promote exploration indoors and outside
• Rotate materials often
• Allow uninterrupted play time
• Model curiosity, finding answers together rather than providing them
• Engage and play alongside
Problem Solving
Indicators:
• Experiments with different uses for objects
• Shows imagination, creativity, and uses a variety of strategies to solve problems
• Applies knowledge to new situations
• Begins to develop interests and skills related to numbers and counting
Preoperational Thinking
• Ideas are based on experience, not explanation
• Can only focus on one characteristic of an object at a time
• Over-generalizes information due to limited experience
• Adjusts ideas and concepts only through experimentation
Caregiver Responses
• Provide large blocks of uninterrupted free-play time
• Provide real-world experiences
• Plan open-ended activities
• Ask open-ended questions
Is the puppy sad?
How do you think the puppy is feeling?
Memory
Indicators:
• Shows ability to acquire and process new information
• Recognizes familiar people, places, and things
• Recalls and uses information in new situations
• Searches for missing or hidden objects
Information Processing
1. Memory begins with sensory memory
2. Information gained from sensory memory then moves into short term memory
3. To be remembered for any length of time, information must be moved from short-term memory into long-term memory
Caregiver Responses
• Engage in face-to-face play with infants
• Organize the environment and keep materials in consistent locations
• Read favorite books over and over again
• Play memory games and sing favorite songs frequently
• Ask what they would like to sing/read
• Ask three-year-olds simple questions about past experiences
Imitation and Make Believe
Indicators:
• Uses objects in new ways or in pretend play
• Uses imitation in pretend play to express creativity and imagination
Imitation and Make Believe
0-8 Months
• Copy caregiver actions (sticking out tongue, clapping hands)
• Differed imitation: imitating a new act after a delay
8-18 Months
• Pretend with realistic objects (phone, cup)
• Self-directed play (pretending to eat)
Imitation and Make Believe
18-36 Months
• Pretend with less realistic props
• Direct play towards objects (feed the doll)
• Socio-dramatic play (pretend with peers)
36-48 Months
• No props are required
• Detached participant (the doll feeds itself)
• Socio-dramatic play becomes more elaborate
Caregiver Responses
• Play with infants and toddlers
• Songs and finger-play with repetition
• Provide space and time for pretend play
• Offer a variety of materials to scaffold pretend play
• Encourage and engage in play without controlling it
Inclusion Strategies
• Modify environment
• Adjust expectations
• Provide visual supports
– Project cards
– Picture schedules
• Monitor reactions
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