sswh18 the student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social...
TRANSCRIPT
SSWH18The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of WWII.
LONG-TERM CAUSES:
Treaty of Versailles- Germans saw as unfair Reparations
War-Guilt Clause
Military Restrictions
Loss of Territory
Loss of Colonies
Great Depression Aggression (Italy, Germany, Japan)
SHORT-TERM CAUSE:
• Aug. 1939: Non-Aggression Pact (Germany & Soviet Union)
• Blitzkrieg (lightening war) to subdue Poland
• Sept. 01, 1939: Began with the invasion of Poland by Hitler
• Sept. 03, 1939: Britain & France declared war on Germany
• World War II: 1939-1945
ALLIANCES:
ALLIES: GREAT BRITAIN
FRANCE
SOVIET UNION (switched)
UNITED STATES
CANADA
POLAND
CHINA
AXIS: GERMANY
ITALY
JAPAN
TWO LOCATIONS:
EUROPEAN THEATER: Fighting was primarily land-
based Large scale bombing raids More countries involved German soldiers tended to
surrender when defeat was apparent
PACIFIC THEATER: Fighting was primarily at sea Island hopping & island
invasions More up-close fighting Japanese land soldiers &
Kamikaze pilots would fight to the death
MAJOR BATTLES: PEARL HARBOR
December 07, 1941 surprise attack by the Japanese on US naval base in
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (USA) US stood in the way of a Pacific empire in Asia ended US neutrality, brought US into war
MAJOR BATTLES:EL-ALAMEIN
1st Battle: July 1942
2nd Battle: October-November 1942
Located in Egypt
Allied Powers stopped the advancing Axis Powers, driving them back to Tunisia
Decisive battle that lead to German surrender in North Africa in May 1943
MAJOR BATTLES:STALINGRAD
Hitler breaks Non-Aggression Pact; invades Soviet Union (June 1941)
major turning point in war on Eastern front one of the costliest battles in WWII Germans unable to deal with winter in Russia Germans get trapped in city with no food or
ammunition Jan. 1943: German commander surrenders
MAJOR BATTLES:D-DAY
June 06, 1944
major turning point on Western Front; opened a second front in Europe
largest amphibious attack in history
Allies attack on the beaches of Normandy, France
Pages 946-947
MAJOR BATTLES:GUADALCANAL
August 07, 1942
Americans v. Japanese
Located on the Solomon Islands, near Australia
Took the Americans 6 months to cpature the island
Allied victory allowed Australia to be protected & a safe sea route between US & Australia
Part of island-hopping
MAJOR BATTLES:THE PHILIPPINES
June 19-20, 1944
America v. Japan
Naval battle for control of the Philippine Islands
Allied victory that helped to destroy Japanese planes
NAZI IDEOLOGY:
Racism, especially Anti-Semitism & Anti-Slavism
Belief in the superiority of the white, Aryan race (Social Darwinism)
Euthanasia & Eugenics
Inventing common enemies: Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled
Belief in exterminating all inferior races
THE FINAL SOLUTION:
Jews were first sent to ghettos, then concentration camps (work camps)
Wannsee Conference: Jan. 20, 1942; decision of the genocide of all European Jews
Death camps were built & “undersirables” were sent there with efficient methods for killing men, women, & children
THE HOLOCAUST:
The Nazi massacre of over 6 million Jews & over 6 million other people
Prisoners heads were shaved, they were stripped, women & children were separated from men
Young, elderly, & sick were killed immediately
Gas chambers, shootings, & crematoriums used
Medical experiments common
The Holocaust is a reminder of the horrors of racism and intolerance
DR. JOSEPH MENGEL
First they came for the JewsAnd I did not speak out-
Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for theCommunists and I did notSpeak out-because I was
Not a communist.
Then they came for the trade Unionists and I did not speak
Out-because I was not A trade unionist.
Then they came for me-And there was no one left to
Speak out for me.
-Pastor Niemoeller
EUROPEAN THEATER:
French, British, & Americans advanced through France (west)
Soviets advanced through Germany (east) heading towards Berlin
Hitler began to lose support April 1945 Soviet troops and American troops met at
the Elbe River & shook hands; war ends Germany surrenders May 07, 1945 V-E Day (May 08, 1945)
PACIFIC THEATER:
Manhattan Project: name given to the atomic bomb creation project
President Harry Truman decides to drop bombs to save American lives
US dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan
1. Hiroshima (90,000-160,000 died)
2. Nagaski (60,000-80,000 died) August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders (V-J Day) Introduced a new type of war: nuclear
COST OF WAR:
Germany- 3 million combat deaths (3/4ths on the eastern front)
Japan – over 1.5 combat deaths; 900,000 civilians dead
Soviet Union - 13 million combat deaths
U.S. – 300,000 combat deaths, over 100,000 other deaths
THE BIG THREE:STALIN, CHURCHILL, & ROOSEVELT
TEHRAN: Location: Iran, 1943
Distrust among the Allies
Churchill & Roosevelt agreed to allow the borders under the Nazi-Soviet Pact stand (Poland)
Stalin asks for a two-front war to be opened up, Churchhill & Roosevelt say they don’t have resouces, Stalin angry
YALTA: Lcoation: Soviet Union (Feb. 1945)
Stalin wanted to control Eastern Europe, Churchill & Roosevelt wanted self-determination (choose own government)
Soviet Union would help fight Japan
Germany would be divided into 4 zones (US, France, GB, USSR)
Stalin agreed to hold free elections in Eastern Europe
POTSDAM CONFERENCE:
Location: Germany (July 16-Aug 02, 1945)
Harry Truman represented US Purpose was how to punish Nazi
Germany Other goals included post-war
order, peace treaty issues, & countering effects of the war
Demilitarization in Japan and Germany
Nuremburg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders charged with “Crimes against Humanity”
UNITED NATIONS:
April 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco to create UN
5 permanent members: US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, & China
Prevents outbreak of diseases, helps education, protects refugees, & helps nations develop economically
POST-WAR POLICIES:
Causes of tension in Europe:
*German reparations
*governments in Eastern Europe
*conflicting ideologies(communism v. democracy)
*mutual distrust
Led to Cold War (US v. USSR)
Marshall Plan:
Aid package offered by US to send food & aid to Europe to help countries rebuild
Helped Europe recover rapidly (billions of dollars)
Truman also offered it to USSR & Eastern Europe, Stalin declined & forbade any country from accepting it
MACARTHUR'S PLAN FOR JAPAN:
Emperor lost all political power
Established a parliamentary democracy
Education system opened to all people
Legal equality for women
Rebuilt cities & economy
Began huge trading relationship with US