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Health and Wellness


Definitions and Dimensions of Health


Definitions of Health

Health is the “capacity to lead a satisfying life, fulfill ambitions, and accommodate to change” (Ottawa Charter, World Health Organization, 1986).

Health is:• Specific to person’s life -- it is personal• Dynamic, ever-changing process • Holistic, not simply the absence of disease• Related to quality of someone’s life• Multidimensional• Related to person’s ability to cope with the challenge of

change


Dimensions of Health Health is multidimensional. The following are

the dimensions of health:

Social

Environmental Spiritual Emotional

MentalPhysical


Dimensions of Health

These dimensions are interdependent i.e., they interact and overlap with each other to produce health

Physical

Social

Mental

Emotional

Spiritual

Environmental

HEALTH


As these dimensions interact they produce a unique health and wellness profile for each individual.

Dimensions of Health

Environmental Social

Spiritual

Emotional

Mental

Physical


Physical dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with issues pertaining to the physical body

Emotional dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with the ability to express emotions appropriately; cope with conflict, stress, and change in a healthy way; and enjoy life; sometimes referred to as the psychological dimension of health

Spiritual dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with values— beliefs about what is important


Social dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with the ability to relate well to others

Intellectual dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with issues involving lifelong learning

Vocational dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with preparing for and engaging in work that provides personal satisfaction and enrichment


Health and Wellness in Adolescence

Health and wellness is related to person’s ability to cope with the many interactions and transitions that are occurring in his/her life.

Transitions specific to adolescence include:– Increase in responsibilities– Increase industry– Intensification of relationships – Changes in body structure


Health and Wellness in Adolescence

Dimensions of health that focus on transition fall under three headings:– Being, e.g. Who am I? Who am I

becoming as a person?– Belonging, e.g. To what groups do I

connect with in a sense of belonging?– Becoming, e.g. What accomplishments

am I striving for?

12 DETERMINATES OF HEALTHhttp://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.php#income

1. Income and Social Status 2. Social Support and Networks 3. Education and Literacy 4. Employment/Working Conditions 5. Social Environment 6. Physical Environments


7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills

8. Healthy Child Development 9. Biology and Genetic Endowment 10. Health Services 11. Gender 12. Culture


Why Properly Wash Your Hands? Good hand washing is the first line of defense

against the spread of many illnesses, from the common cold to more serious illnesses such as meningitis, influenza, hepatitis A, and most types of infectious diarrhea. By washing your hands you are not only protecting yourself from the contraction of these germs but you are preventing the spread of germs and viruses.


Hand Sanitizer Hand sanitizers are another option

when access to soap and water for hand washing is not available. Alcohol-based hand rubs come in liquid, gel and foam forms and there is no reported difference in the effectiveness of each form as long as they have adequate alcohol content (+60%)


The recommended procedure for applying alcohol-based hand rub is:

1. Roll up long sleeves and push up or remove wrist watch

2. Wash hands with soap and available water if hands are visibly dirty (e.g., contaminated with dirt, oil, blood, body fluids, etc.), and dry hands completely after washing as wet hands will dilute the alcohol

3. Place enough alcohol-based hand rub into the cupped palm of one hand, sufficient to wet both hands completely

4. Rub the liquid into the palms, backs of hands, between fingers and under nails, and if a ring is worn, on and under the ring


Planes of the Body

OH 3-9

Figure 7-4b

i) Transverse (Horizontal) Plane ii) Frontal Plane iii) Sagittal Plane


Anatomical Position


– Legs straight

– Heels, feet and great toes

parallel to each other The starting reference point

for describing the human body

It is universally accepted It is used in all anatomical

descriptions

– Palms facing forward and the thumbs outward

Description– Standing erect– Facing forward– Arms hanging at the sides

Anatomy – Terms of movement

When describing human movement there is an anatomical “starting point” – the anatomical position. In this position all joints are considered to be in a neutral position, or 0 degrees, with no movement having occurred


Directional Terms


Reminder:

All directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position.


Lateral-Medial

– Lateral – Away from the midline of the body

Midline

Lateral

Medial

– Medial – Towards the midline

– E.g., Your ears are lateral to your cheeks and your cheeks are medial to your ears


Distal-Proximal

– Distal – Further from some specified region

– Proximal – Closer to some specified region

– E.g., With respect to trunk, the hands are distal to the arms and the arms are proximal to the hands.

– E.g., With respect to nerves and blood vessels, proximal also means "toward the origin" and distal means "away from the origin".

– E.g., Colon is the distal portion and stomach is the proximal portion of the digestive tube

Thigh is proximal to the leg

Leg is distal to the thighLeg is proximal to the foot

Foot is distal to the leg


Anterior-Posterior

– Anterior – In front of or front of your body

Anterior Skeleton

– Posterior – Behind or back of your body

– E.g., Your lips are anterior

to your teeth and your

teeth are posterior to your

lips

Posterior Skeleton

– E.g., In the anatomical position, your palms are facing the anterior of your body


Superior-Inferior

– Superior – AboveThe collar bone is superior to the rib cage

– Inferior – Below

– E.g., Your lips are superiorto your chin and your chinis inferior to your lips

The hip bone isinferior to the ribcage


Supine– Lying on the back – E.g., when

performing a bench press

Prone – Lying face down – E.g., when preparing to perform a push-up


Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction: think! To abduct means to take away.

Abduction: think! To abduct means to take away.

Anatomy –Terms of movement Flexion: Decrease the

angle formed by bones of the joint

Extension: Increasing of the joint angle. Returning a joint in flexion to the anatomical positions is considered extension

Anatomy –Terms of movement

Dorsiflexion: Raising the toe to the shin

Plantarflexion: Pointing the toe downward.


Rotation: Medial – towards

the midline (internal) Lateral – away from

the midline (external)


Supination: Rotation of the palm

so it faces upward

Pronation: Rotation of the palm

so it faces downward


Inversion: sole of the foot turns inwards

Eversion: sole of the foot turns outwards

Type of joint movement:• Flexion- bent knee• Extension- extend knee• Hyperextension- bring leg back• Dorsi flexion- heal• Plantar flexion- toe• Abduction- leg out• Adduction-leg in• Rotation- twisting• Circumduction- circular motion• Supination- palm up• Pronation- palm down• Eversion- foot out• Inversion- foot in• Protraction- chin forward• Retraction- chin back• Elevation- shoulders up• Depression- shoulders down


Range of Motion

Range of motion, or ROM, refers to how far a joint moves during exercise and physical therapy.. Range of motion helps maintain movement by stretching the muscles and moving the joints.

The terms active and passive define the energy behind the movement. Active range of motion is exercises you do on your own. Passive means someone does the work for you.

Three Contraction Types

Type AKA Angle @ Joint

Muscle Strength Force

Concentric

Positive Decreases

Shortens

Weakest > Resistance

Eccentric

Negative

Increases Lengthens

Strongest < Resistance

Isometric

Static No change

No change

Middle = Resistance


Static ContractionMuscle tension or internal force

exerted against an external load Internal force is equal to, or

weaker than, the external loadNo visible movement of the

external load occurs


Static ContractionIn most sports, the need for

maximal static contraction is rare

Maximal static contraction is most often seen in gymnastics, wrestling, and judo


Activities Requiring Maximal Static Muscle Tension


Static ContractionMost sports require low to sub-

maximal static contractionExamples of sports that require

this type of contraction include sail-boarding, alpine skiing, and shooting events


Activities Requiring Sub-Maximal Static Muscle Tension


Dynamic ContractionMuscle tension or

force is exerted against an external load

Internal force exerted is greater than the external load

Visible movement of the external load occurs


Isometric Contraction A static contraction Muscle contraction against an external

force No visible change in muscle length External load is greater than the force

generated by the internal force No external movement occurs No work is performed because no

movement occurs A high amount of tension is developed,

energy is used


Pushing against a stable wall is an example of an isometric contraction

Skeletal Muscle Groups

Skeletal muscles are named based on many different factors, including their location, origin and insertion, number of origins, shape, size, direction, and function


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