Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Injury & Damage& Damage

Reverend Kyle H. Hatashita D.D.Reverend Kyle H. Hatashita D.D.Block 3 HonorsBlock 3 Honors

Mrs. JensenMrs. Jensen

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem

Spinal Cord Injuries Affect mainly the CNSSpinal Cord Injuries Affect mainly the CNS

Disrupts Transmission of Nerve SignalsDisrupts Transmission of Nerve Signals

Swelling can disrupt or shut down every system Swelling can disrupt or shut down every system in the bodyin the body

Caused by Trauma or DiseaseCaused by Trauma or Disease

Two Types of Injury: Incomplete & Complete Two Types of Injury: Incomplete & Complete

EffectsEffectsParalysisParalysis

Dysfunction of bowels and bladderDysfunction of bowels and bladder

Male infertilityMale infertility

Inability to regulate blood pressure Inability to regulate blood pressure

Inability to sweat below level of injuryInability to sweat below level of injury

Chronic painChronic pain

Effects cont.Effects cont.Cervical: Cervical:

Above C4: Above C4: VentillatorVentillator

C5-C7: Little C5-C7: Little hand/arm controlhand/arm control

Thoracic:Thoracic:Paraplegic: Paraplegic: wrist/hand okwrist/hand ok

T1-T8: Poor torso T1-T8: Poor torso control control

T9-T12: Better T9-T12: Better torso controltorso control

TypesTypes

Complete:Complete:No function or sensation below injury siteNo function or sensation below injury site

Both Sides equally affectedBoth Sides equally affected

Can Result in quadriplegia Can Result in quadriplegia

Incomplete:Incomplete:Some function and/or sensation below Some function and/or sensation below injury siteinjury site

One side may be more affected than otherOne side may be more affected than other

StatisticsStatisticsApproximately 450,000 people live with Approximately 450,000 people live with SCI in the US SCI in the US

About 10,000 new cases per year with About 10,000 new cases per year with 82% of them being male aged 16-3082% of them being male aged 16-30

36% of that resulting from auto 36% of that resulting from auto accidentsaccidents

Statistics cont.Statistics cont.85% of SCI patients (due to trauma) 85% of SCI patients (due to trauma) who survive the first 24 hours are alive who survive the first 24 hours are alive 10 years later10 years later

Most common cause of death in SCI Most common cause of death in SCI patients are diseases of the respiratory patients are diseases of the respiratory systemsystem

Second: non-ischemic heart disease Second: non-ischemic heart disease

Third: SuicideThird: Suicide

Immediate Immediate TreatmentTreatment

Prevention of further DamagePrevention of further Damage

Emotional TherapyEmotional Therapy

Preventing InflammationPreventing Inflammation

Corticosteroid Controller Medications Corticosteroid Controller Medications (MS)(MS)

Treatment of chronic spinal Treatment of chronic spinal cord injured patients with cord injured patients with autologous bone marrow-autologous bone marrow-

derived hematopoietic stem cell derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantationtransplantation

Cairo University conducted human trial Cairo University conducted human trial of hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in of hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in SCI PatientsSCI Patients

Results: Improved functionsResults: Improved functions

Not FDA approvedNot FDA approved

MRI showed no tumorsMRI showed no tumors

Awaiting 1 year follow upAwaiting 1 year follow up

UC IrvineUC IrvineGained FDA approval for Embryonic Gained FDA approval for Embryonic Stem Cell TreatmentStem Cell Treatment

Thoracic Injuries onlyThoracic Injuries only

Not in clinical stages yetNot in clinical stages yet