SPACE COMMUNICATION

SPACECOMMUNICATIONPRESENTED BY:NABARUN SINHAMAHAPATRA(55)Nirmal haldar(56)Avijit nandi(26)Partha pal(60)Chandi charan jana(31)

1 CONTENTSSL NAME SLIDENO NO. INTRODUCTION 3 4 OBJECTIVES 5 SPACE NETWORK 6 - 11 ARCHITECHTURE COMMUNICATION 12 - 15 DIFFICULTIES SOLUTION OF SPACE 16 COMMUNICATION PRESENT OR NEW 17 TECHNOLOGIES OPTICAL SPACE 18 COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS 19 SPACE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 20 22 MAN IN SPACE COMMUNICATION 23 CONCEPT OF INTERPLANETARY INTERNET 24 - 25 CONCLUSION2 INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of efficient and intelligent protocol for space environment is deeply felt.

IIP is newly conceived.

More emphasis is given to Dynamic Routing Protocol (DRP)3 WHAT IS SPACE COMMUNICATION?Communication between a vehicle in outer space and Earth .

Provision for such communication is essential in any space mission.

Total communication system includes:- 1. Command 2. Telemetry 3.Tracking4 OBJECTIVESTime-insensitive Scientific data delivery

Time-sensitive Scientific data delivery

Mission Status Telemetry

Command and Control5 SPACE NETWORK ARCHITECHTURE Backbone or Interplanetary Network or Deep Space.

Orbital Network.

Proximity Network or Surface Network.

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BACKBONE NETWORKEarth Mars Network

Earth Orbital Network

Earth Lagrangian Relay - Orbital (Multi-Hop) Network7

DEEP SPACE SCENARIO8 ORBITAL NETWORKAccess Network

Inter Orbital Network

Inter Spacecraft & Intra Spacecraft Network9 PROXIMITY NETWORKSensor Networks

Inter surface Element Networks

Human Robot Network10 SPACE NETWORK BACK-BONEORBITALPROXIMITY EARTH-MARSEARTH-ORBITALEARTH-LAGRANGIANACCESSINTER ORBITALSPACE- CRAFTSENSORHUMAN ROBOTSURFACE11 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS FOR SPACE COMMUNICATION12

Path serviceInternet service12 COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES IN SPACE ENVIRONMENTDeep space

Surface

Orbital

13 DIFFICULTIES IN DEEP-SPACE NETWORKVery high & variable propagation delay.

High link error rates or error prone links.

Blackout or intermittent connectivity.

Bandwidth(BW) asymmetry.

Security.14 DIFFICULTIES IN ORBITAL NETWORKWeight , Cost & Power.

Latency.

Gravitational Fluctuations.

The Suns Interface.

Dopplers Effect.

Orbital Debris.15 DIFFICULTIES IN SURFACE NETWORKNoise & power issue.

Intermittent connection.16 SOLUTION OF SPACE PROBLEMS TCP/IP Extension.

DTN.

CCSDS/CFDP.

Data centric , Position based Routing.

IIP.17 PRESENT OR NEW TECHNOLOGIESDSN Antennas.

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System(TDRSS).18 OPTICAL SPACE COMMUNICATION19

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONTwo Stations on Earth want to communicate through radio broadcast but are too far away to use conventional means.

The two stations can use a satellite as a relay station for their communication.

One Earth Station sends a transmission to the satellite. This is called a Uplink.

One Earth Station receives a transmission from the satellite. This is called a downlink.

20 ADVANTAGE OF SATELLITES Coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds.

Transmission cost

Satellite to Satellite communication is very precise.

Higher Bandwidths 21 DISADVANTAGES OF SATELLITESLaunching satellites into orbit is costly.

There is a larger propagation delay in satellite communication than in terrestrial communication.

22 RECENT TRENDSSpace stations

Interplanetary Internet

Men in space communication

Future development targets23 SPACE STATIONSManned satellite designed to remain in LEO for a long period of time.A space station is distinguished from other manned spacecraft by its lack of major propulsion or landing facilities.Only space station currently in orbit is ISS.

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LIST OF SPACE STATIONShe Soviet space stations came in two types, the civilian Durable Orbital Station (DOS), and the military Almaz stations.

Salyut space stations (USSR, 19711986) Salyut 1 (1971, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)DOS-2 (1972, launch failure)Salyut 2/Almaz (1973, failed shortly after launch)Cosmos 557 (1973, re-entered eleven days after launch)Salyut 3/Almaz (1974, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)Salyut 4 (1975, 2 crews and 1 planned crew failed to achieve orbit)Salyut 5/Almaz (19761977, 2 crews and 1 failed docking)Salyut 6 (19771981, 16 crews (5 long duration, 11 short duration and 1 failed docking)Salyut 7 (19821986, 10 crews (6 long duration, 4 short duration and 1 failed docking)

Skylab (USA, 19731974, 3 crews)

Mir (USSR/Russia, 19862000, 28 long duration crews)

International Space Station (ISS) (United States, European Space Agency, Japan, Russia, and Canada 2000-ongoing, 24 long duration crews as of July 2010)

25 CONCEPTS OF INTERPLANETARY INTERNETIPN(Inter Planetary Internet) is a conceived computer network, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other.

IPN study was started by a team of scientists at JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) at NASA.

Communication would be greatly delayed by the greatinterplanetary distances.

So the IPN needs a new set ofprotocols andtechnology .

The InterPlanetary Internet Special Interest Group of theInternet Society has worked hard on defining these protocols and standards that would make the IPN possible.

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THE INTERPLANETARY INTERNET27 MAN IN SPACE COMMUNICATIONA Communication system is being built for the Lunar Excursion Module(LEM).

This system will provide communication links between the LEM & Earth.

The functional requirements for LEM system :-

1.Voice communication. 2.Telemetry. 3.Television. 4.Range information. 5.Biomedical data.28 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT: TARGETS & MILESTONESPeoples Republic of China is expected to launch its first space station named Tiangong 1 in the 1st half of 2011.

U.S. company Bigelow Aerospace is developing the Bigelow Commercial Space Station, a private orbital complex.

Galactic Suite is a space hotel planned to be operational by 2012.

29 CONCLUSIONThe cause of poor performance of IP(Internet Protocol) in space has been studied.

Many strategies that have been put forward as solution give emphasis on DRP(Dynamic Routing Protocol).

So, DRP will be put into simulation for space communication .

The results extracted will prove its suitability in space communication.

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ANY QUESTIONS?31

THANK YOU

32SPECIAL THANKS TO:-AMIYA KUMAR SARKAR , Our mentor