1.DeepSPACE COMMUNICATION DEEP Space CommunicationSaurabh Saurabh Kumar Kumar

2. What is Deep Space Communication ? Deep space communication includes communication with satellites and spacecrafts active in the outer space region as well as collecting radio and radar astronomy observations for the exploration of the solar 3. VITAL FUNCTIONS OF DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONAcquire telemetry data from spacecraft. Transmit commands to spacecraft. Gather science data. Monitor and control the performance of the netwo 4. DEEP SPACE NETWORK~BEGINNINGThe very first communication station was established at Holmdel, New Jersey(USA) in the year 1957.The station included two antennas and a 30.5 meter long balloon orbiting around the earth.Echo Station at Goldstone, California 5. 1st Spacecraft Monitoring Station,Cape Canaveral, FloridaIn April, 1961 Florida got the 1st spacecraft monitoring station at Cape Canaveral. It supported all of the Rangers and two Mariner 2 6. Large Array Radio Telescope, New MexicoThe Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope is located on the plains of San Agustin, 80 kilometers (50 miles) west of Socorro, New Mexico. The complex structure was inaugurated in 1980. 7. The Most Reliant Deep Space Network 8. This chart illustrates the real growth of deepspace communications capability from 1960 to 1994 and projected growth to the year 2020. Real growth has improved by 12 orders of magnitude, while another three orders of magnitude are forecast for the future. The increase in performance is due to a series of innovative cooperative improvements in both spacecraft and ground systems. 9. Challenges of deep-space communications 1.DistanceDistance is the main problem in space communications, since the intensity of electromagnetic radiation decreases according to 1/r2, that is why signals from deep space probes are usually very 10. 2.Speed Of Light Electromagnetic radiation cant move faster than the speed of light there are considerable time lag introduced in the communications making real time communications impossible. It takes over 5 hours for a signal from earth to reach the orbit of Pluto in the outer part of the solar system. 11. 3.Line of sightIn order to communicate with the Earth the spacecraft must have a free line of sight to the Earth, since radio waves cannot pass through large solid objects such as planets and moons. 12. 4.Antennae AlignmentEven if the probe has a free line of sight to the Earth the receiving antenna could be on the wrong side of the Earth, however by using several antennas in different places around the planet that could 13. 5.Earth s atmosphereSince the signal has to pass through the Earth s atmosphere some limitations are placed on which frequencies that could be used. The ionosphere is almost opaque to some of the lower frequency bands so space communication mainly uses high frequency bands 14. Commonly used frequency bands for space communicationS-band 1.55 5.2 GHz (2.3 GHz) X-Band 5.2 10.9 GHz (8.4 GHz) Ku-band 12 8 GHz Ka-band 20 40 GHz (32 GHz) 15. Communication Data RatesOver the last years Cassini Science Instrument Data Rates data rates have increased substantially mainly because of the transition from the X-band to the higher Ka-band, however the data rates are still quite low 16. Near Earth Space Communication 17. Laser Communication Relay Demonstration~(2013) NASA made history in early October by beaming a four-inch, data-packed laser, 384.6332 Kilometers between Earth and a spacecraft orbiting the Moon. LCRD transmit data at rates 10 to 100 times faster than radio, using significantly less mass and power.The test achieved a recordbreaking download speed of 622Mbps and an error-free upload 18. Laser Communication~A revolution in Space Technology 19. Greatest Achievements of Deep Space Communication 1.Hubble space telescopeNamed after astronomer Edwin Hubble, the telescope offered the first clear views of the universe beyond our galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope lets us watch the expansion of the universe in a way never before imagined. 20. 2.Pioneer 10, Flight to Jupiter (1972-1997) Pioneer 10 left Kennedy Space Center in 1972, bound for Jupiter. Since there is a known asteroidbelt between Earth and Jupiter, astronomers had long believed it to be impassable. Pioneer 10 travelled farther in space than any other man-made object. 21. 3.International Space Station, Living in Space (1998-present) The ISS is an orbiting, top-of-theline laboratory. It's a feat of engineering unmatched by any other permanent home in space.Occupants of the station have studied human bone loss during extended time in microgravity, radiation levels in space, different techniques for doing in-space soldering, and countless other experiments, 22. 4.Mars, Curiosity(2012-Present) Objectives include investigating Mars' habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a manned mission to Mars.Till now it has conformed the existence of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur,key ingredients necessary for life.Evidence of a past streambed containing fresh, 23. Indian Deep Space Network The Indian Deep Space Network consists of a 18-m and a 32-m antennae that are established at the IDSN campus, Byalalu, Bangalore. The Network is augmented with a couple of stations in the western hemisphere in addition to the 64m antenna in Bearslake, Russia to improve the visibility duration and to provide support from the 24. Achievements of Indian Deep Space NetworkChandrayaan-1(2008-09)~Discovery of Lunar waterIndia's first unmanned Lunar probe. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. Water ice can be distinguished from other materials by the way its radar echoes vary according to the position of the listener. Among its many achievements was the discovery of the widespread presence of water molecules in lunar soil. 25. Deep Space Communiacation~Unseen Universe The Tarantula Nebula-The largest star forming region known in the universe 26. Eagle Nebula-Stars being forged in a tower of gas & dust 27. Constellation Fornax-Collection of nearly 10,000 Galaxies 28. Sombrero Galaxy-A spiral galaxy with exceptionally large central bulge of stars 29. ARP-142, Colliding Galaxies 30. Astronomy compels the soul to look upwards and leads us from this world to another. PlatoThank You