Solutions

A solution is a homogenous mixture whose component substances cannot be distinguished.

Eg: Salt water, Gatorade, tap water, vodka, Kool-Aid.

SOLUTION

Made up ofMade up of

SOLUTE SOLVENT

The substance dissolved, usually a

solid

The substance dissolved, usually a

solid

The liquid the solute is dissolved in (Ex.

water)

The liquid the solute is dissolved in (Ex.

water)

Common Solutions in the world…..

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Chocolate Milk

Solute: chocolate powder

Solvent: milk

Chocolate Milk

Solute: chocolate powder

Solvent: milk

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Salt Water

Solute: salt

Solvent: water

Salt Water

Solute: salt

Solvent: water

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Orange Juice

Solute: orange concentrate

Solvent: water

Orange Juice

Solute: orange concentrate

Solvent: water

Aqueous Solution

An aqueous solution is one in which the solvent is water

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain volume of solvent Solubility of solids increases with

temperature (eg. Think of dissolving sugar in hot coffee)

Solubility of gases decreases with temperature.

Measurement of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solution

Mass of solute (g)Mass of solute (g)

Volume of solution (L)Volume of solution (L)

(C)(C)

C = M

Vg/Lg/L

1 L = 1000ml

C = M

V

A solution with concentration of 10 g/L will have 10 grams of solute for every

1 L (1000ml) of solution

When comparing solutions be sure to have the same unit of measurement (grams/litre)

NOTE: To ensure you always have the correct units for concentration (grams/litre) we will the change the formula slightly:

C = g

L

Concentration

2 scoops1 scoop

1 litre of solvent 1 litre of solvent

What is the concentration of a solution that has volume of 500ml and contains 40 g of solute?

C = ?

G = 40 g

L = 0.5 L

C = 40 g

0.5 L0.5 L

C = 80g/L

C = g

1 L

C = M

V

You have a 5 g/L of a salt solution with a volume of 50 ml. What is the amount of solute (salt) in this solution?

GIVEN INFORMATION

C = 5 g/L

G = ?

L = 0.05 L

50 ml = 0.05 L

C g

1 L

5 g

1 0.05

g = 0.25 grams

Cross multiply

C=M V

C=g L

Each can contains sugar ( ) and water. Which can has the strongest concentration?

Water (50ml)Water (50ml) Water (0.25 L)Water (0.25 L)Water (25 ml)Water (25 ml) Water (125ml)Water (125ml)

Remember…Keep the units the same!!= 1 particle

(1g)

= 1 particle (1g)

C = 100 g/LC = 100 g/L C = 80 g/L C = 80 g/L C = 28 g/LC = 28 g/L C = 32 g/LC = 32 g/L

How much solute is there in a 50g/L solution if it has a volume of 250ml?

C = 50 g/L

G = ?

L = 250ml .25L

50 = ?

0.25 L0.25 L

G = 12.5 g

C = g

L

You have a solution that has a concentration of 22 g/L. There is 30 grams of solute in this solution. What is the volume in milliliters of the solution?

GIVEN INFORMATION

C = 22 g/L

G = 30

L = ?

C g

1 L

22 30

1 L

V = 1.36 L or 1360 ml

Cross multiply

C=M V

The volume of the solution is 1360 ml.

Place about half the amount of solvent (liquid) into container

Add the solute Dissolve by shaking or swirling Add the rest of the solvent (liquid)

to reach the desired volumeDO NOT put all of the

solvent and solute together at once…inaccurate results!

DO NOT put all of the solvent and solute together at once…inaccurate results!

Find out you how much grams you need.

Describe the procedure that would be used to prepare 250 ml of a sugar solution that has a concentration of 13 g/L.

BE SPECIFIC……

0.250

g13 grams25.3g

Write out procedure using a step by step method!

1. Pour half the required volume of solvent (125 ml) into a volumetric flask

2. Add the solute (3.25 g of sugar) to the flask 3. Mix them together by swirlling. 4. Add more solvent (liquid) until you reach the desired final volume of 250 ml.

C=g L

o Concentration Formula C =M/V (C=g/L)

o To Prepare a Solution You….-pour half of required amount of solvent in beaker-Add desired amount of solute-Mix-Add solvent (liquid) till your beaker reaches the required amount

Study guide, Module 3, page 14 Text book page 351 # 5, 6, 7 Worksheet # 4