social psychology kimberley a. clow [email protected] login: psych20-003 password: greentea
TRANSCRIPT
Social Psychology
Kimberley A. Clow
http://www.ssc.uwo.ca/psychology/undergraduate/psych020-003/
Login: psych20-003
Password: greentea
Outline
Social PsychologyHelping
Who we helpWhen we help
Influence of GroupsSocial FacilitationSocial Loafing
AttractionBeautyLove
Social Psychology
DefinitionSocial psychology is the scientific study of
the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviour are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people
Emphasizes the situational factors that affect behaviour
Helping
Who Do We Help?
8080
6060
2020
00
4040% Helping
High Medium Low None
Genetic Relatedness
Social Factors
Similarity
Responsibility
Kitty Genovese
The Process of Helping
01020304050607080
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Minutes Passed Since Smoke Started
% Reporting Smoke
Alone Three Person Group
Smoke Filled Room
Decision Stages Helping
Do Groups Help or Hinder?
What influence do groups have? Do you perform better
in a group? Do you perform worse
in a group? Do groups alter the
way you behave?
Presence of Others
Physiological Arousal
Improved Performance
Impaired Performance
On well-mastered or simple tasks dominant response is right
On difficult or complex
tasks dominant
response is wrong
Dominant Responses
Social Loafing
Told to clap or cheer as loud as you can
Wearing headphones Hearing others clap or
cheer Can’t hear themselves
Facilitation vs. Loafing
When Do People Join Groups?
When they believe they would fail on their ownStereotypical male vs.
female tasks
When they want informationWhen they don’t want to face an uneasy situation alone
Another Shocking Study…
Women giving shocks KKK outfits Nurse uniforms
Deindividuation Losing one’s sense of
personal identity More susceptible to the
cues in the situation?
Att
itud
e T
owar
ds G
rad
Sch
ool
Unsure
Definite GO
Before Group
Discussion
After discussion, the group that initially favored grad school would be even more strongly in favor
Definite NO(Get A Job!)
Conversely, the group that initially disfavored grad school would be even more opposed
After Group Discussion
What About Attraction?
Influencing FactorsSimilarity
Personality, attitudes, interests, physical features
ProximityCollege dorm study
Familiarity Mere exposure
Physical Attractiveness
Which of these three faces do you prefer?
1 2 3
Beauty
Beauty Across Time
Beauty in the 1950s.
Recognize “her”?
Beauty in the 1980s.
Recognize “her”?
The Matching Principle
People tend to date others of similar attractiveness and with similar attitudes
Situational Determinants
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
9:00 PM 10:30 PM 12:00 AM
Opposite Sex
Same Sex
Getting Acquainted Study
Men and women talk over intercom
Men shown pictures
Attractive or unattractive
Beauty Is Good Stereotype
Male’s Male’s Female’sExpectations Behavior Behavior
Many Types of Love
Love Changes
People involved in serious relationships rate beautiful models as less attractiveThe more committed the person, the less they reciprocate interest from another attractive otherSome people switch attachment styles in response to relationship experiences People married to dissimilar partners change their personalities more over the years
Problem Factors
Too much dissimilarityBoredomChanges in reciprocal evaluations and attributionsJealousyInequityTemperamentExchange Orientation
How to Communicate
Some helpful rulesPositive framingExpress appreciationAvoid silent treatmentDon’t pretend to be a psychologistSpeak for yourself, not your partnerSay it directlyNothing nice to say? Then keep quiet