snu ux lab) exploring memory in email refinding

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Exploring Memory in Email Refinding + Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 2008 - David Elsweiler et al. /지현수 x 2015 Spring

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Page 1: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

Exploring Memory

in Email Refinding

+ Transactions on

Information Systems

(TOIS) 2008

- David Elsweiler et al.

/지현수

x 2015 Spring

Page 2: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Background 연구개요

Transfered

Information

Memory Attributes

Delivering Information Refinding Information

Between Apps Within Emails

Recalled

Information

- 어떤것을기억하나?

- 정보를찾는데기억을어떻게사용하나?

Page 3: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Background 연구개요

Transfered

Information

Memory Attributes

Delivering Information Refinding Information

Between Apps Within Emails

Recalled

Information

- 어떤것을기억하나?

- 정보를찾는데기억을어떻게사용하나?

Page 4: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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1. 찾기: Re-find stored information의대표적인방법

Memory and Management 선행연구

- No-filers

- Frequent-filers

- Spring-cleaners

- locate it spatially

- put semantic labels

- think with events to make queries (temporal/episodic memories)

- Browsing

- Searching

- Both

2. 관리하기: Information managing에서 user type은세가지

+ 기억전략: 기억을용이하게하기위한 strategy로는다양한방법이제기

Page 5: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Take Away 3 things

1. Task 수행의 attributes 파악하기

- 이전의정보중에서어떤것을기억하나?

- 정보를찾는데기억을어떻게사용하나?

2. 사람들의정보사용량, 기억전략 + 태스크의특성고려해서실험진행

- 정보사용량, 숙련도에따라그룹을 3가지로분류 => 실험대상자그룹고려

- 태스크를목적에따라 3가지로분류 => 실험태스크고려

- 기억전략에따라 2가지로분류 => 실험대상자의전략고려하여 prototyping (such as 메모/c-p/스위칭

3. 의미있는 Attributes 검증

- 실험실세팅에서진행된실험

- 6가지 Questions에따라 memory attributes를밝힘

+

Page 6: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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학교웹메일으로실험상황 fix함

Research Goals & Method

- 통일성, 규칙성가진메일많은상황

Recollection의정의

- Task 전/후에 4+4 질문을던짐

본연구의 Implication

- 본실험에서사람들이메일을찾는과정은

사고과정(mental process)과비슷하게설계했음

- 따라서, Refinding에도움될만한회상방법밝히고자함

: 어떤 recollection이 useful 한지?

예비실험

현실을바탕으로 experimental task 설계

본실험

Task 수행이후 useful recollection의 6가지 attributes 밝힘

1. 제너럴질문

2. 세부적질문

- 메일을언제받았나요?

- 누가보낸메일인가요?

- Topic은무엇인가요?

- 메일을보낸이유는무엇인가요?

- 메일을함께받은수신자는누구인가요?

- 첨부파일이있었나요?

- 이미지가있는메일이었나요?

- 링크가걸려있는메일인가요?

1 2 1 2

Task

Page 7: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Preliminary Experiement

experimental task 설계

- 네단계의예비실험을거침

Refinding Task를

think aloud로기록

experiemental

task

만들고재평가

패턴적용 + 태스크설계

위해 email tour비슷한행동/패턴기록

1. 현상에서발견 2. Overlap 요소파악 4. Task 설계및재평가3. 패턴적용및검증

> > >

: 34 participants, 150 email tasks, 3 weeks

Page 8: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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본실험설계시 Four Factors

1. temporal encoding 2. the type of task being performed

3. the type of user performing the task 4. the filing strategy the user applies

Group features Organization strategies

Task typesTask features

- multi-item tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “여러메일””을 find, 참조

- item tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “한개의메일” find

- look up tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “한개의메일속문장” find

: 21 participants x 9 tasks

No filers frequent filers spring cleaners

Hot

마지막정보접근일로부터

일주일(7일) 이내

Warm

한달(30일) 이내

Cold

한달이상!

*메일개수, 목적, 숙련도

Page 9: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Memory and Management 연구개요

1. temporal encoding 2. the type of task being performed

3. the type of user performing the task 4. the filing strategy the user applies

Group features Organization strategies

Task typesTask features

- multi-item tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “여러메일””을 find, 참조

- item tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “한개의메일” find

- look up tasks : 하나의과제완수위해 “한개의메일속문장” find

3. 시간의흐름에따라영향을받는가? 4. 서로다른태스크에서참가자

들은서로다른것을기억하는가?

5. 서로다른유형의유저들

은다른것을기억하는가?

6. Filing Strategy는유저들

이기억하는요소에영향을

주는가?

1. 참가자들은정보를찾을수있다는것을확신하는가

2. 회상의 Que를여러가지로떠올리는가?본실험설계시 Four Factors

Page 10: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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1. 사람들의 Certainty 정도가높다

Were Participants able to Remember if Collections Held the Information They

Needed?

Result 1 Experiement

3. 자기가기억하는것에대한확신이높았음

- 발신인, 날짜등의정보

- 무슨이메일받았었는지기억함

- 확신의정도높음

1. 어떤정보가이메일찾는데에도움이되는지알고있었음

2. 이메일에대한기억들이대체적으로좋았음

Page 11: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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2. 회상의 Que를여러가지로떠올린다

High-Level Recollections

Result 2 Experiement

참여자들은어떤요소를기억하는지에따라서 refinding을시작한다

- 주어진문제가어떤정보든상관없이, 자기의기억 Attributes를 base로이메일찾기시작

- Search를할때이미단서로작용하고있다

Page 12: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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3. 시간과기억은유의미한관계가있다

Is There Evidence of Changing Recollection as Time Goes By?

Result 3 Experiement

1. “발신자”는시간(최근인것)에가장영향을받는다

4. 이미지는 data point가워낙없어서(4/189) 판단불가

3. Url은사이트에들어갔

addtional 과정이있었으니

까잘기억함

2. “왜보냈는지”는시간에관계없이가장잘기억한다

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4. 다른태스크별다른 Attributes

Did the Participants Remember Different Things for Different Types of Task?

Result 4 Experiement

2. Look up, Item task 에서는

전반적으로비슷한특성보임

1. Multi item에서는

1) 날짜를잘기억하지못함2) 보낸사람은잘기억

Page 14: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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5. 유저그룹(이메일활용도/ 이메일개수/ 숙련도)별 Attributes

Did Different Types of Users Remember Different Things?

Result 5 Experiement

근데 cold task로분류된것은잘기억함

1. 신입생, 재학생은기억한정보가비슷

2. 다른그룹과달리연구자들은최근것을기억못한다

Warm한것을가장많이기억하고, 세부적인것들을많이기억함

- 학계사람들은사람들을단위로기억을한다

(case, 1991) -> 그룹내활동(ex.지키미팀) 많아서

그런것같다

Page 15: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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6. Filing Strategy

Did the Filing Strategy Employed Influence What the Participants Remembered?

Result 6 Experiement

시간정보를폴더분류하는사람들이많이까먹음

(* 분류에서신입생그룹은뺌. 그대로두는사람들이모든사람들이어서

1. 가장많이기억하는사람들이

분류안한사람들 > cleaner들 > 그다음이폴더분류하는사람들

2. 시간정보를 Frequent filers들이많이까먹음

Page 16: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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6. Filing Strategy

Did the Filing Strategy Employed Influence What the Participants Remembered?

Result 6 Experiement

시간정보를폴더분류하는사람들이많이까먹음

(* 분류에서신입생그룹은뺌. 그대로두는사람들이모든사람들이어서

1. 가장많이기억하는사람들이

분류안한사람들 > cleaner들 > 그다음이폴더분류하는사람들

2. 시간정보를 Frequent filers들이많이까먹음

Page 17: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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4 Findings

참가자들대부분본인의메일들을잘기억하고있었음

Semantic-based의 attributes들을가장잘기억했음

: 주제(Topic), 이유(Reason)

각각다른시나리오에따라기억되는 Attributes 변화

4 Factors 모두기억에영향을미침을확인할수있었음

기억전략: semantic works

찾기: browsing-searching 모두 good

4 factors:

1) Task type (single, multi)

2) Task features (recent)

3) filing strategies

4) Group features (skill)

Page 18: SNU UX Lab) Exploring Memory in Email Refinding

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Discussion Points

1. 질문에이미 Cue가주어진상태로, recollection의힌트를많이주는것이아닌가?

ex. 가장최근의 BK서류를찾을수있어? 라고물어본순간,

내가최근 BK메일을받았다는사실에대한정보가주어짐

2. 학교 Mail은제한된/특정한 base인데, 개인메일의상황에도똑같은결과가도출될수있을까?

ex. 스팸메일이나, 광고등스팸성짙은메일이없는 pure한

상황에서도출된결론이아닌가?

3. Result 6에서보면, Frequent filer들의퍼포먼스가가장낮은데, 과연이메일정리가도움이되는것인가

ex. 분류해서보기는좋지만, 기억에과연도움을주는것인가?

예상외의결과였음!

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감사합니다.