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Organizing the Elements 6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
The periodic table can be used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements.
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
• The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.
• The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.
• 80% of elements are metals.
• Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Nonmetals
In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
• Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
• A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus.
• One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metalloids
A metalloid generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips.
6.1
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