SISTEM INFORMASI

MANAJEMEN

Dinda Amanda Zuliestiana, S.E,M.M

Sistem berasal dari kata yunani (sustema) dan bahasa latin (systema) yang mempunyai arti suatu susunan yang teratur dari kegiatan - kegiatan yang saling berkaitan dan susunan prosedur - prosedur yang saling berhubungan, yang melaksanakan dan mempemudah kegiatan-kegiatan utama organisasi atau institusi.

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Information: The most valuable resource

Data adalah fakta - fakta, statistik - statistik, atau angka - angka

yang dapat menimbulkan informasi.

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FIVE MAIN RESOURCES

Personnel Material Machines

(including facilities and energy)

Money Information (and data)

Physical

Conceptual}

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HOW RESOURCES ARE MANAGED

Acquire Assemble, or prepare Maximize use Replace

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FACTORS STIMULATING INTEREST IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Increasing complexity of business activity International economyWorldwide competition Increasing complexity of technologyShrinking time framesSocial constraints

Improved computer capabilitiesSizeSpeed

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WHO ARE THE USERS?

Managers Nonmanagers Persons & organizations in the firm’s

environment

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THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT LEVEL ON INFORMATION SOURCE

Strategic planning level

Management control level

Operational control level Internal

Environmental

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THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT LEVEL ON INFORMATION FORM

Strategic planning level

Management control level

Operational control level Detail

Summary

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MANAGERS CAN BE FOUND ON ALL LEVELS AND IN ALL FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE FIRM

FinanceFunction

Human ResourcesFunction

InformationServicesFunction

ManufacturingFunction

MarketingFunction

Strategic planning level

Management Control Level

Operational Control Level

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WHAT MANAGERS DO --FAYOL’S FUNCTIONSStrategic Planning Level

Management Control Level

Operational Control Level

Plan

Control

Organize

Direct

Staff

Organize

Staff

Direct

Plan

Control

Direct

Staff

Plan

Control

Organize

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WHAT MANAGERS DO -- MINTZBERG’S ROLES Interpersonal

rolesFigureheadLeaderLiaison

Informational rolesMonitorDisseminatorSpokesperson

Decisional roles– Entrepreneur– Disturbance

handler– Resource

allocator– Negotiator

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MANAGEMENT SKILLS Communications

Problem solving

How can an information specialist help?}

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PROBLEM SOLVING INFORMATION COMES IN MANY FORMS

Co

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No

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Ele

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Per

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Tele

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on

eProblem Solving

Written Media Oral Media

Internal Sources External Sources

Sch

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Mee

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Un

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Vo

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Mai

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MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE

Computer literacy

Information literacy

What’s the difference?

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SYSTEM COMPONENTSCOMPONENT PARTS OF A SYSTEM THAT CAN CONTROL ITS OWN OPERATIONS

Objectives

Control mechanism

Transformation

Input Output

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OPEN-LOOP SYSTEM

Transformation

Input Output

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OPEN VERSUS CLOSED SYSTEMS

Open system Connected to its environment by means of

resource flows Closed system

Not connected to its environment

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SYSTEMS CAN BE COMPOSED OF SUBSYSTEMS OR ELEMENTAL PARTS

Subsystem A-2

Subsystem A-3

Subsystem B-2

Subsystem B-1

System

Subsystem A

Subsystem B

Elemental Part C

Subsystem A-1

Elemental part B1 1-19

PHYSICAL AND CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS

Physical system The business firm Composed of physical resources

Conceptual systemRepresents a physical systemUses conceptual resources

Information Data

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A SYSTEMS VIEW

Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental settingReduces complexityRequires good objectivesEmphasizes working together Acknowledges interconnectionsValues feedback

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DATA AND INFORMATION Information processor

Key element in the conceptual systemComputerNoncomputerCombination

Data is the raw material transformed into information

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EVOLUTION OF THE CBIS Data Processing (DP) Management Information Systems

(MIS) 1964 IBM promoted the concept as a means of

selling disk files and terminals Decision Support Systems (DSS)

1971Text book’s distinction:

MIS: Organizational/group - general DSS: Individual - specific

Office Automation (OA) 1964 Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert

Systems (ES) - 1990s Heavy investment by businesses

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THE CBIS MODELComputer-based Information System

(CBIS)

Accounting Information System

ManagementInformation System

Decision SupportSystems

The VirtualOffice

Knowledge-based Systems

Decisions

Problem

Information

ProblemSolution

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INFORMATION SERVICES

Information specialists have

full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining

computer-based systems

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TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHAIN

DatabaseAdministrator

User SystemsAnalyst

Programmer Operator Computer

NetworkSpecialist

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END-USER COMPUTING (EUC) End-user computing

Development of all or part of applications

Information specialists act as consultants

Stimulants to EUC Increased computer literacy IS backlogLow-cost hardware (the PC)Prewritten software (electronic

spreadsheets)

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IS AND EUCTHE END-USER COMPUTING COMMUNICATION CHAIN

User Computer

InformationSpecialists

Support

Communication

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JUSTIFYING THE CBIS Justify in the same manner as any

other large investment Economic

Cost reductionReduced inventory investment Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)

NoneconomicPerceived value

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ACHIEVING THE CBIS

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REENGINEERING THE CBIS Business Process Reengineering

(BPR)Reworking systemsGood system features retained Becoming development methodology

of choice

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ROLES PLAYED BY THE MANAGERAND BY THE INFORMATION SPECIALIST

Implementation

Phase Manager Information Specialist

Control

Control

Control

Control

Planning

Analysis

Design

Use

Define problem

Support

System StudyDesign system

Implement system

Make available

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SUMMARY Information is one of five main resources Computer output used by managers and

nonmanagers A system is an integration of elements

working toward an objectivePhysical Conceptual

Data vs. Information

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SUMMARY [CONT.] CBIS composed of various components

AISMISDSSVirtual officeKnowledge-based systems

End-user computing trends CBIS development

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